Post-2015 UN Development Agenda Research Articles

Does more mean better? Remote-sensing data for monitoring sustainable redevelopment of a historical granary in Mydlniki, Kraków

The Post-2015 UN Development Agenda includes culture and links the preservation of cultural heritage (CH) to sustainable development. In principle, sustainable redevelopment of CH should preserve historical qualities and ensure the financial profitability of the asset. Still, being a construction process, it has to be under constant change monitoring. Bearing in mind the quality of data achieved by measurement systems, TLS instruments can be used to capture 3D spatial data for cultural heritage. The authors analyse the usefulness of TLS data as the spatial database for the redevelopment and functional reuse of a historical granary. Following measurements on various stages of the redevelopment of the CH asset, TLS data undergo principally simple and rapid analyses (shape analysis, determination of the pace and scope of redevelopment, detection of conservation effort results, HBIM) to improve decision-making capabilities within the project. Contrary to the universal approach, periodic CH redevelopment scanning involves the entire structure, not merely its most valuable heritage components. As a result, not only doesthe remote-sensing data acquisition for monitoring of sustainable redevelopment of cultural heritage record the state of the revitalised building, but it also demonstrates the potential of periodic measurements as the primary source of insight into the heritage asset and the directions and quality of changes it undergoes.

The Impact Of The National Lock Down On Migrant Workers

A migrant worker is a person who either migrates within their home country or outside it to pursue work. Migrant workers usually do not have the intention to stay permanently in the country or region in which they work. The International Labour Organization estimated in 2014 there were 232 million international migrants worldwide who were outside their home country for at least 12 months and approximately half of them were estimated to be economically active, i.e. being employed or seeking employment (Mainstreaming of Migration in Development Policy and Integrating Migration in the Post-2015 UN Development Agenda).In India about 120 million people or more are estimated to migrate from rural areas to urban labour markets, industries and farms. Migration has become essential for people from regions that face frequent shortages of rainfall or suffer floods, or where population densities are high in relation to land. Areas facing unresolved social or political conflicts also become prone to high out migration. Poverty, lack of local options and the availability of work elsewhere become the trigger and the pull for rural migration respectively. During this after the their widespread of pandemic Covid-19 every one and especially migrant workers wish to go back to their home station because the workers think their lives are important than earning money for their livelihood. Beside the migrant workers were scared that COVID-19 would take a couple of more years to subside and the safest thing was to be at home. So many migrant workers expressed a fear of returning their native place. The purposes of this paper are to examine the problems and challenges faced by migrant workers while travelling to their hometown and the measures taken by Government of India to ensure their safety. The present study is based on primary data collected from the sample population who moved from Chennai district of Tamilnadu to their native rural areas. Structured Questionnaire was used for survey and information were collected with the sample respondents through telephonic conversation. Chi- Square test has been employed to identify the issues and challenges of migrant workers.

Post-2015 Development Agenda: Human Agency and the Inoperability of the Sustainable Development Architecture

Although the post-2015 development agenda is commendable in several ways, I content that it pays inadequate attention to human agency and, therefore, to human development and capabilities, which are necessary to meet sustainable development goals. First, I critique the post-2015 UN development agenda and associated sustainable development goals. I focus those critiques on the notions of development as if it were charity and associated illusion of human rationality, and the partial conceptualization and operationalization of human agency as if agency depended only on contexts. Through these critiques, I illustrate human irrationality and the consequent unsustainability of the charity approach to development. I identify and characterize the development architect and the development agent, to facilitate necessary understanding and operationalization of the behavioral attributes of psychological agency, which I argue to be fundamental to human development and capabilities and, therefore, to sustainable development. For development to materialize, people have to behave in certain ways, and for people to act voluntarily, they have to be motivated. It also follows that for development to be sustainable, the motivation to be developed has to come from within the self—intrinsic to the individuals and social collectives to be developed. Thus, substantial efforts must be made to thoroughly understand and operationalize human agency, critical for achieving individual, and social—including institutional—behaviors that enable self-organized development, a key attribute of sustainable development.

Culture in the post-2015 development agenda: the anatomy of an international mobilisation

Throughout 2012–15 several actors were advocating that culture be explicitly integrated within the post-2015 UN development agenda. My article offers an anatomy of the recent international mobilisation in order to understand the cleavages and the contrasting visions. In doing so, it seeks to analyse the policy process through which the agenda is made, why and how a critical mass of actors is attempting to embrace the inclusion of culture in the post-2015 agenda and the political reactions vis-à-vis this mobilisation. The article argues, on the one hand, that the promotion of culture in the post-2015 agenda is largely based on UNESCO’s will to advance its policy agenda and enhance its position within the UN system and, on the other hand, that this mobilisation lacks political support from the most influential governments; therefore its chances of success are more than contingent.

ICT-Based Crowdsourcing in Post-2015 Governance: Potential Digital Governance Framework for Developing Countries

The Millennium Development Framework has been criticized as the progress towards achieving goals has been unequal. It has also been acknowledged that proper utilization of science, technology and information; access to technology and knowledge and good governance are the means of achieving the goals equally. In recent times, ‘crowdsourcing’ has been identified as one of the digital innovative ways to communicate with citizens. Numbers of crowdsourcing initiatives have been implemented through electronic participation (e-participation) model to gather public opinion for consultation and also to provide service. There are various examples of mobile-based crowdsourcing projects to collect reports during crisis. However this paper aims to discuss about the use of a potential mobile-based crowdsourcing framework for the post-2015 governance in developing countries. As a step forward, this paper also suggests an ideal ‘mobile-based crowdsourcing model’ for better and smart governance that would help to achieve the target of post-2015 UN Development agenda. This ‘Model’ would also potentially reduce the issue of ‘digital divide.’

English

English

Maternal and Child Health vs Vaccinations and Post-2015 UN Development Agenda

Maternal and Child Health vs Vaccinations and Post-2015 UN Development Agenda

The International Organization for Migration on the Post-2015 UN Development Agenda

Population and Development ReviewVolume 40, Issue 2 p. 381-384 DOCUMENTS The International Organization for Migration on the Post-2015 UN Development Agenda First published: 14 June 2014 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2014.00687.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume40, Issue2June 2014Pages 381-384 RelatedInformation

Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective

Although it has been a decade since this book’s publication, it is worth bringing attention to it due to its significance. Many important events have taken place in the world since Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective was published; most notably the global financial crisis, the Eurocrisis, the continued economic growth of the BRICS, the enlargement of the European Union in ex-communist Eastern Europe, and the raw materials-based growth of many developing countries fueled mainly by Chinese demand. All these developments in the global arena make it worthwhile reviewing and rereading this book. Another key reason for its relevance is the ongoing discussion regarding the post-2015 UN development agenda. Considering the global debate revolving around the above mentioned issues, and their relevance for international development, the lessons and conclusions of this book are highly relevant.

Why Addressing Unsafe Abortion is Central to the Post-2015 UN Development Agenda

Ensuring that abortion – an essential component of reproductive health care – is legal and safe can contribute to reducing maternal deaths and injuries and is central to achieving social justice and gender equality and equity through the post-2015 UN development agenda. Brazil is a case in point with its high rates of induced abortion, maternal deaths and morbidity due to unsafe abortions and disproportionate enforcement of the abortion law on young, poor and black women with low socio-economic conditions and literacy status. Criminalization of abortion contravenes basic human rights and exacerbates inequities among women since criminal laws have a disproportionate impact on the most vulnerable women.The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, as well as human rights treaty monitoring bodies, have stated that countries must review their criminal laws on abortion. Nevertheless, governments continue to criminalize abortion and implement policies denying women’s rights to exercise their sexual and reproductive autonomy. The post-2015 development agenda must focus on ending poverty, improving health and promoting gender equality, shifting from a disease focus to one that seeks to increase women’s reproductive autonomy and human rights. This should include work to decriminalize abortion and ensure that women and girls have access to safe legal abortion as part of a health goal that aims to achieve universal access to needed health care.

<b>Desenvolvimento sustentável e governança em saúde global</b> - DOI: 10.3395/reciis.v6i3.636pt

The authors examined the document resulting from the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), known as Rio+20, that was held in June 2012. They analyzed the role of green economy in the process of development and poverty eradication and the requirements for balanced governance of the environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The final document from the UNCSD, which is titled “The Future We Want”, advocates an inclusive multilateral system. It also proposes establishing a high-level intergovernmental political forum from the Commission on Sustainable Development and strengthening the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), highlighting the need for a broad participation of the programs, funds, and agencies from the United Nations, including financial institutions. The document recognizes health as a precondition and the result of the three dimensions of sustainable development, and it highlights the importance of setting coherent goals that are integrated with the post-2015 UN Development Agenda and the three health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The member states insisted on fulfilling the commitments related to the Official Development Assistance (ODA), including dedicating 0.7% of the gross domestic product (GDP) from developed countries to support developing countries. These member states emphasize the possibility of obtaining additional resources through the South-South cooperation and triangular cooperation as an expression of solidarity between countries. They also highlight the importance of flexibility in the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement to better use the technology needed for development. Finally, the member states approved the establishment of a working group (WG) to develop a proposal for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which will be incorporated into the post-2015 development agenda and should have technical support from all UN agencies (World Bank [WB], the International Monetary Fund [IMF], and the World Trade Organization [WTO], including social agencies such as the World Health Organization [WHO], among others). The result of this effort will be presented to the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in 2013, which allows time to influence the formulation of the post-2015 MDGs and to improve human health conditions, in particular.

<b>Sustainable development and global health governance – From the Rio+20 to the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</b> - DOI: 10.3395/reciis.v6i3.636en

The authors examined the document resulting from the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), known as Rio+20, that was held in June 2012. They analyzed the role of green economy in the process of development and poverty eradication and the requirements for balanced governance of the environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The final document from the UNCSD, which is titled “The Future We Want”, advocates an inclusive multilateral system. It also proposes establishing a high-level intergovernmental political forum from the Commission on Sustainable Development and strengthening the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), highlighting the need for a broad participation of the programs, funds, and agencies from the United Nations, including financial institutions. The document recognizes health as a precondition and the result of the three dimensions of sustainable development, and it highlights the importance of setting coherent goals that are integrated with the post-2015 UN Development Agenda and the three health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The member states insisted on fulfilling the commitments related to the Official Development Assistance (ODA), including dedicating 0.7% of the gross domestic product (GDP) from developed countries to support developing countries. These member states emphasize the possibility of obtaining additional resources through the South-South cooperation and triangular cooperation as an expression of solidarity between countries. They also highlight the importance of flexibility in the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement to better use the technology needed for development. Finally, the member states approved the establishment of a working group (WG) to develop a proposal for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which will be incorporated into the post-2015 development agenda and should have technical support from all UN agencies (World Bank [WB], the International Monetary Fund [IMF], and the World Trade Organization [WTO], including social agencies such as the World Health Organization [WHO], among others). The result of this effort will be presented to the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in 2013, which allows time to influence the formulation of the post-2015 MDGs and to improve human health conditions, in particular.

Towards a Better Integration of Global Health and Biodiversity in the New Sustainable Development Goals Beyond Rio+20

In June 2012, Brazil hosted Rio+20, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) marking the 20th anniversary of the 1992 Earth Summit. The Rio+20 outcome document entitled The future we want provides general guidance to shape sustainable development policies, but fell short of providing legally binding agreements or pragmatic goals. Negotiators agreed to develop a process for the establishment of new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), building upon the Millennium Development Goals, and setting the foundation for the post-2015 UN development agenda. Our objective is to argue that discussions beyond Rio+20 and toward the adoption of SDGs offer a critical opportunity to re-assess the major challenges for global health and sustainable development. There is an urgent need to translate the general aspirations put forth by Rio+20 into concrete health outcomes and greater health equity. The way toward the post-2015 SDGs will likely be more effective if it highlights the full gamut of linkages between ecosystem processes, anthropogenic environmental changes (climate change, biodiversity loss, and land use), socio-economic changes, and global health. Negotiations beyond Rio+20 should strongly acknowledge the global health benefits of biodiversity protection and climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, which reduce diseases of poverty and protect the health of the most vulnerable. We argue that health and ecosystems are inextricably linked to all development sectors and that health should remain a critical priority for the upcoming SDGs in the context of global environmental change.

Desenvolvimento sustentável e governança global em saúde – Da Rio+20 aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) pós-2015

The authors examined the document resulting from the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), known as Rio+20, that was held in June 2012. They analyzed the role of green economy in the process of development and poverty eradication and the requirements for balanced governance of the environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The final document from the UNCSD, which is titled “The Future We Want”, advocates an inclusive multilateral system. It also proposes establishing a high-level intergovernmental political forum from the Commission on Sustainable Development and strengthening the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), highlighting the need for a broad participation of the programs, funds, and agencies from the United Nations, including financial institutions. The document recognizes health as a precondition and the result of the three dimensions of sustainable development, and it highlights the importance of setting coherent goals that are integrated with the post-2015 UN Development Agenda and the three health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The member states insisted on fulfilling the commitments related to the Official Development Assistance (ODA), including dedicating 0.7% of the gross domestic product (GDP) from developed countries to support developing countries. These member states emphasize the possibility of obtaining additional resources through the South-South cooperation and triangular cooperation as an expression of solidarity between countries. They also highlight the importance of flexibility in the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement to better use the technology needed for development. Finally, the member states approved the establishment of a working group (WG) to develop a proposal for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which will be incorporated into the post-2015 development agenda and should have technical support from all UN agencies (World Bank [WB], the International Monetary Fund [IMF], and the World Trade Organization [WTO], including social agencies such as the World Health Organization [WHO], among others). The result of this effort will be presented to the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in 2013, which allows time to influence the formulation of the post-2015 MDGs and to improve human health conditions, in particular.

Global health in 2012: development to sustainability

In 2012 there will be a major strategic shift in global health, away from development and towards sustainability. Since 2000, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), driven by a macroeconomic diagnosis of global poverty, have focused on investment in a small number of diseases as the most effective approach to decrease poverty. Institutions such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Roll Back Malaria, and GAVI have been created to respond to that diagnosis. But this approach is now delivering diminishing returns. The AIDS epidemic has peaked, both in terms of deaths and new infections, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing, and the climate change crisis is an ever present threat. India is a good example of a country facing these new challenges. It has an NCD epidemic and yet still endures the highest number of maternal and child deaths in the world. The old macroeconomic approach to solving poverty-related disease is simply insufficient to meet the demand of countries. At the same time, institutional tensions are growing—the Global Fund is in difficulty and WHO is facing a financial emergency. And there are new concepts forcing their way into global health agendas—such as integration and accountability. There is a view among some development experts that health has had its decade. It is time now for other sectors to take centre stage, such as agriculture or energy. All these issues will come into sharp focus later this year at Rio+20, the UN Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (June 20–22). The summit marks the 20th anniversary of the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development and the tenth anniversary of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development. World leaders, stakeholders from the public and private sectors, as well as representatives from environment and development communities will convene to define a new roadmap towards economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. The objectives of Rio+20 will be to review progress on sustainable development from previous summits, identify gaps in implementation, renew political commitment on past action plans, and find ways to safeguard the planet from future destruction from emerging threats. The two core themes will be a move towards a green economy (in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication) and strengthening the institutional framework for sustainable development, which to date has not fulfilled its potential because of a lack of coordination and coherence. The zero draft outcome document published last week lists seven priority areas for Rio+20. They are: job creation, food security, water, energy, sustainable cities, oceans, and disasters. There will be ten new sustainable development goals to be decided by governments just before the meeting—and introduced in 2015 as part of the post-2015 UN development agenda. There will be no legally binding agreements and countries will set their own targets, working voluntarily towards them. Disappointingly, health is hardly mentioned in this draft. It is vital that this major shift from development to sustainability is governed by a clear set of principles and values. One report to draw from is The Lancet's 2010 Commission titled: The Millennium Development Goals: a cross-sectoral analysis and principles for goal setting after 2015. The authors of this multidisciplinary analysis represent many different sectors, and explain that much more could have been achieved if the MDGs were better integrated. They conclude that future goals should be built on a shared vision of development across the lifecourse, and suggest five principles: holism, equity, sustainability, ownership, and global obligation. Their report exemplifies the positive contribution the health community can make to sustainability after 2015. The health sector has a vital part to play during the next 12 months. We need to make a strong case for health as part of sustainable development and future sustainable development goals—to protect the gains of the past decade and ensure that the unfinished agenda of the past decade is continued. However, we also need to embrace a new and emerging health agenda—one that includes NCDs and climate change. And we must sharpen our advocacy for health as we rightly integrate other sectors into this broader vision. We have an extraordinary opportunity to re-vivify global health. But we are unprepared to do so. We must identify the lessons learned from the MDGs, as well as bringing to the fore evidence for new threats and emerging challenges. The Lancet plans to be a strong partner in shaping this future health and sustainability agenda—towards finding equitable solutions to improve the health and lives of people worldwide.