Positive Vector Research Articles

Comparative Analysis: Machine vs Human Translation of Educational Scientific Texts. Challenges and Solutions

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to analyze the features of identity formation and identification processes in postmodern society and in digital society. The article explores various approaches to the concept of «identity» within the framework of socio-humanitarian theories. The interrelation of real and virtual identity, the emergence of new forms and models of identity are considered. Two approaches to the analysis of identity in a digital society are analyzed and compared: digital optimism and digital pessimism.Methodology and sources. The article uses a comparative analysis of various theoretical approaches to identity formation. An interdisciplinary approach is used to understand the features of identity in the era of digitalization. As the main sources for the study of the phenomenon of identity there were used works of classics of sociology and psychology E. Erickson, J.G. Meade, E. Durkheim, as well as studies of representatives of modern philosophical and sociological theories Z. Bauman, A. Giddens, S. Turkle, A.A. Lisenkova, T.G. Leshkevich.Results and discussion. It is shown that in postmodern society, identity is characterized by the processes of individualization, fragmentation and the absence of a single cultural center. In a digital society, along with the processes of individualization, there are processes of standardization and unification of person. It is concluded that in a digital society, identity has positive and negative sides. On the one hand, there is a positive vector for the use of online communications, network interaction of people, which destroys spatial and temporal boundaries, as well as social barriers. On the other hand, new types of virtual identity are being formed, challenging a person's own identity.Conclusion. It is concluded that the digital society changes human identity, identification practices and strategies. The consequence of these processes is the formation of a person fused with digital technologies, which leads to the transformation of the social order, social norms and society as a whole.

Digital Technologies and Society: Identity Transformation

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to analyze the features of identity formation and identification processes in postmodern society and in digital society. The article explores various approaches to the concept of «identity» within the framework of socio-humanitarian theories. The interrelation of real and virtual identity, the emergence of new forms and models of identity are considered. Two approaches to the analysis of identity in a digital society are analyzed and compared: digital optimism and digital pessimism.Methodology and sources. The article uses a comparative analysis of various theoretical approaches to identity formation. An interdisciplinary approach is used to understand the features of identity in the era of digitalization. As the main sources f or the study of the phenomenon of identity there were used works of classics of sociology and psychology E. Erickson, J.G. Meade, E. Durkheim, as well as studies of representatives of modern philosophical and sociological theories Z. Bauman, A. Giddens, S. Turkle, A.A. Lisenkova, T.G. Leshkevich.Results and discussion. It is shown that in postmodern society, identity is characterized by the processes of individualization, fragmentation and the absence of a single cultural center. In a digital society, along with the processes of individualization, there are processes of standardization and unification of person. It is concluded that in a digital society, identity has positive and negative sides. On the one hand, there is a positive vector for the use of online communications, network interaction of people, which destroys spatial and temporal boundaries, as well as social barriers. On the other hand, new types of virtual identity are being formed, challenging a person's own identity.Conclusion. It is concluded that the digital society changes human identity, identification practices and strategies. The consequence of these processes is the formation of a person fused with digital technologies, which leads to the transformation of the social order, social norms and society as a whole.

Positive vectors, pairwise comparison matrices and directed Hamiltonian cycles

In the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) the efficient vectors for a pairwise comparison matrix (PC matrix) are based on the principle of Pareto optimal decisions. To infer the efficiency of a vector for a PC matrix we construct a directed Hamiltonian cycle of a certain digraph associated with the PC matrix and the vector. We describe advantages of using this process over using the strong connectivity of the digraph. As an application of our process we find efficient vectors for a PC matrix, A, obtained from a consistent one by perturbing three entries above the main diagonal and the corresponding reciprocal entries, in a way that there is a square submatrix of A of order 2 containing three of the perturbed entries and not containing a diagonal entry of A. For completeness, we include examples showing conditions under which, when deleting a certain entry of an efficient vector for the square matrix A of order n, we have a non-efficient vector for the corresponding square principal submatrix of order n-1 of A.

Bayesian Estimation of Inverted Beta Mixture Models With Extended Stochastic Variational Inference for Positive Vector Classification.

The finite inverted beta mixture model (IBMM) has been proven to be efficient in modeling positive vectors. Under the traditional variational inference framework, the critical challenge in Bayesian estimation of the IBMM is that the computational cost of performing inference with large datasets is prohibitively expensive, which often limits the use of Bayesian approaches to small datasets. An efficient alternative provided by the recently proposed stochastic variational inference (SVI) framework allows for efficient inference on large datasets. Nevertheless, when using the SVI framework to address the non-Gaussian statistical models, the evidence lower bound (ELBO) cannot be explicitly calculated due to the intractable moment computation. Therefore, the algorithm under the SVI framework cannot directly use stochastic optimization to optimize the ELBO, and an analytically tractable solution cannot be derived. To address this problem, we propose an extended version of the SVI framework with more flexibility, namely, the extended SVI (ESVI) framework. This framework can be used in many non-Gaussian statistical models. First, some approximation strategies are applied to further lower the ELBO to avoid intractable moment calculations. Then, stochastic optimization with noisy natural gradients is used to optimize the lower bound. The excellent performance and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified in real data evaluation.

Comparison of Lateral Cephalograms with Photographs for Assessing Anterior Malar Prominence in Maharashtrian Population

Midface is an important part of the face which is most concerned about aesthetics. With increase in malar prominence, the mid face becomes more angular. With the maxillary hypoplasia which tends to have hollow midface results in more prominent sclera inferior to pupil. Orthodontists want to enhance the beauty of the face by diagnosing and treating not only the oral structure but also the facial profile. This study aims at comparing cephalometric analysis with visual classification of anterior malar projection using vectors. The method used is to compare profile image for anterior malar projection with lateral cephalogram. People aged 18-25 with no orthodontics treatment history, craniofacial disorders or trauma were selected for the study. These people were then divided into 2 groups based on vector classification i.e. positive vector (Group A) and negative vector (Group B). Vectors were drawn on profile photos using scale and facade software was used to calculate SNO (Sella-Nasion-Orbitale) angle. Lateral cephalogram was then compared and statistically analysed with the malar projection from the profile image. No statistical significance was found between genders nor between age and SNO angle. However, SNO angles in positive vector group was larger than those in negative vector group on average with high significance (p<0.001). SNO angle obtained to distinguish between 2 vectors was 56°. This comparison can prove to be a useful mechanism in orthodontics for classifying malar support to the midface.

A Kollár-type vanishing theorem for k-positive vector bundles

Abstract Given a proper holomorphic surjective morphism f : X → Y {f:X\rightarrow Y} between compact Kähler manifolds, and a Nakano semipositive holomorphic vector bundle E on X, we prove Kollár-type vanishing theorems on cohomologies with coefficients in R q ⁢ f ∗ ⁢ ( ω X ⁢ ( E ) ) ⊗ F {R^{q}f_{\ast}(\omega_{X}(E))\otimes F} , where F is a k-positive vector bundle on Y. The main inputs in the proof are the deep results on the Nakano semipositivity of the higher direct images due to Berndtsson and Mourougane–Takayama, and an L 2 {L^{2}} -Dolbeault resolution of the higher direct image sheaf R q ⁢ f ∗ ⁢ ( ω X ⁢ ( E ) ) {R^{q}f_{\ast}(\omega_{X}(E))} , which is of interest in itself.

The steady states of antitone electric systems

The steady states of an antitone electric system are described by an antitone function with respect to the componentwise order. When this function is bounded from below by a positive vector, it has only one fixed point. This fixed point is attractive for the fixed point iteration method. In the general case, we find existence and uniqueness results of fixed points using the set of ‐matrices.

Анализ барьеров развития электроэнергетики России: история вопроса, современное состояние и перспективы

The author's view of the history of the Russian electric power industry is presented, based on facts confirmed in official sources, an analysis of the problems of the development of the electric power industry in the period from the beginning of the XX century to the present. Based on the latest data, an analysis of the dynamics of the Russian electric power industry from 2018 to the present has been carried out, and the main trends in the market under consideration have been identified. The prospects for the development of the industry are considered, taking into account the Federal legislation of the Russian Federation and state plans. Special attention is paid to the impact of the tense geopolitical situation on the Russian electricity market in 2022-2023. The main problems faced by market participants, as well as the actions of the government and companies in response to the changes, are analyzed. Various methods of electricity production are considered and a comparative analysis of different types of power plants is carried out, which includes a description of their positive and negative sides. It is noted that despite the high rates of development from the moment of formation to the present, barriers and challenges have always arisen, which resulted in reforms to change and modernize the approaches of the state to the development of the Russian electric power industry. Today, the electric power industry of the Russian Federation demonstrates stability, however, the potential of its development tools has not been exhausted and requires constant monitoring and updating. Options for measures to improve the efficiency of the industry are proposed. It is concluded that the various proposed measures will help set a new positive vector for the development of the electric power industry in Russia.

Tight wavelet frames on the space of M-positive vectors

Wavelets on the sets of [Formula: see text]-positive vectors in the Euclidean space are studied. These sets are multidimensional analogs of the half-line in the Walsh analysis. Following the ideas of the Walsh analysis, the space of [Formula: see text]-positive vectors is equipped with a coordinate-wise addition. Harmonic analysis on this space is also similar to the Walsh harmonic analysis, and the Fourier transform is such that there exists a class of so-called test functions (with a compact support of the function itself and of its Fourier transform). Tight wavelet frames consisting of the test functions are studied. A complete description of the masks generating such frames is given, and an algorithmic method for constructing them is developed. These frames may be very useful for applications to signal processing because some examples of such systems on the half-line were already investigated in this aspect, and it appeared that they have an advantage over classical wavelet systems when used for processing fractal signals and images.

Confidence relative off-targets distance-based multi-dimensional transparency evaluation of distribution station area

With the large-scale integration of distributed renewable energy into low-voltage distribution station areas, rapidly growing services put forward new requirements on transparent monitoring. In order to accurately and objectively quantify the transparency of various distribution station areas and measure the impact of different dimensional indexes on the transparency evaluation of distribution station areas, this paper proposes a confidence relative off-target distance-based multi-dimensional transparency evaluation method. First, a multi-dimensional transparency evaluation index system with electrical and communication integration is constructed. Second, an improved gray target model combining both positive and negative target vectors is established to realize bi-directional quantitative analysis. Then, the relative off-target distance is calculated based on the endowment coefficient by leveraging both subjective and objective weights. Finally, the confidence of the relative off-target distance is calculated based on fuzzy entropy to improve the reliability of transparency evaluation. The simulation results show that this method can effectively distinguish the transparency gap between different distribution station areas, identify the single dimensional index with the greatest contribution or potential, and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method applied to the transparency evaluation of distribution station areas.

Weighted Projections of Alternating Sign Matrices: Latin-Like Squares and the ASM Polytope

The weighted projection of an alternating sign matrix (ASM) was introduced by Brualdi and Dahl (2018) as a step towards characterising a generalisation of Latin squares they defined using alternating sign hypermatrices. Given row-vector $z_n = (n,\dots,2,1)$, the weighted projection of an ASM $A$ is equal to $z_nA$. Brualdi and Dahl proved that the weighted projection of an $n \times n$ ASM is majorized by the vector $z_n$, and conjectured that any positive integer vector majorized by $z_n$ is the weighted projection of some ASM. The main result of this paper presents a proof of this conjecture, via monotone triangles. A relaxation of a monotone triangle, called a row-increasing triangle, is introduced. It is shown that for any row-increasing triangle $T$, there exists a monotone triangle $M$ such that each entry of $M$ occurs the same number of times as in $T$. A construction is also outlined for an ASM with given weighted projection. The relationship of the main result to existing results concerning the ASM polytope $ASM_n$ is examined, and a characterisation is given for the relationship between elements of $ASM_n$ corresponding to the same point in the regular $n$-permutohedron. Finally, the limitations of the main result for characterising alternating sign hypermatrix Latin-like squares are considered.

Strain-induced ferroelectric polarization reversal without undergoing geometric inversion in blue SiSe monolayer.

Ferroelectricity in two-dimensional (2D) systems generally arises from phonons and has been widely investigated. On the contrary, electronic ferroelectricity in 2D systems has been rarely studied. Using first-principles calculations, the ferroelectric behavior of the buckled blue SiSe monolayer under strain are explored. It is found that the direction of the out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization can be reversed by applying an in-plane strain. And such polarization switching is realized without undergoing geometric inversion. Besides, the strain-triggered polarization reversal emerges in both biaxial and uniaxial strain cases, indicating it is an intrinsic feature of such a system. Further analysis shows that the polarization switching is the result of the reversal of the magnitudes of the positive and negative charge center vectors. And the variation of buckling is found to play an important role, which results in the switch. Moreover, a non-monotonic variation of band gap with strain is revealed. Our findings throws light on the investigation of novel electronic ferroelectric systems.

Positivity of Schur forms for strongly decomposably positive vector bundles

Abstract In this paper, we define two types of strongly decomposable positivity, which serve as generalizations of (dual) Nakano positivity and are stronger than the decomposable positivity introduced by S. Finski. We provide the criteria for strongly decomposable positivity of type I and type II and prove that the Schur forms of a strongly decomposable positive vector bundle of type I are weakly positive, while the Schur forms of a strongly decomposable positive vector bundle of type II are positive. These answer a question of Griffiths affirmatively for strongly decomposably positive vector bundles. Consequently, we present an algebraic proof of the positivity of Schur forms for (dual) Nakano positive vector bundles, which was initially proven by S. Finski.

On Non-Archimedean $\mathcal{L}$-Fuzzy Vector Metric Spaces

This paper contributes to the broader studies of fuzzy vector metric spaces and fuzzy metric spaces based on order structures beyond the unit interval. It defines the notions of the left (right) order convergence and continuity in non-Arcimedean $\mathcal{L}$-fuzzy vector metric spaces. The notation $\mathcal{M}_E(a,b,s)$ means the nearness between $a$ and $b$ according to any positive vector $s$. This study exemplifies definitions and reaches some well-known results. Moreover, it proposes the concept of $\mathcal{L}$-fuzzy vector metric diameter and studies some of its basic properties. Further, the present paper proves the Cantor intersection theorem and the Baire category theorem via these concepts. Finally, this study discusses the need for further research.

ANALYTICAL RESEARCH OF THE RESULTS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION BY THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES OF KRYVIY RIH AND STRATEGIC GOALS OF ITS ACHIEVEMENT

Objective. The objective of the study is the substantiation of the goals and principles of state programs of regional development, the identification of influencing factors on the process of developing programs of socio-economic development of the city of Kryvyi Rih, and the development of strategic directions for the effective and efficient implementation of regional development programs. Methods. When preparing the article, general and special methods of scientific research are used, in particular, the method of retrospective analysis and synthesis - to generalize the main theoretical approaches to the formation and implementation of the local socio-economic development program and the order of its development; dialectical method - for a comprehensive study of relations between state administrations and local authorities; graphoanalytical – for a schematic representation of the theoretical and practical provisions of the research; method of system analysis - to determine the priority directions of reforming the socio-economic development program by the local authorities of a specific territorial community. Results. The definition of «local program of economic and social development» is studied, in particular according to the term, as well as the concepts of «regional development program» and «budget programs», which are closely related to the local program of socio-economic development. It is proved that the principles of development of local socio-economic development programs are defined as the expected achievements based on the results of the implementation of a complex of interrelated tasks and measures aimed at solving the most important issues of the development of the united territorial community. Analytical studies of the results of the implementation of the Social Protection Program for certain categories of Kryvyi Rih residents and the dynamics of the total amount of funding under this program for 2018-2022 are out. It is determined that in order to implement the measures of the Program for the Perspective Development of Education in Kryvyi Rih for 2019-2024, free meals are provided to pupils and children from large families in general education institutions of the city, children from student families in preschool institutions of the city, children whose parents were involved or killed or went missing as a result of the events in the East of Ukraine. It is noted that culture, the financing of which is provided for by the legislation of Ukraine from the local budget, is of no less importance for the development of Kryvyi Rih in the humanitarian sphere.. Special attention is paid to the Program for the reimbursement of part of the loans provided by the association of co-owners of apartment buildings and housing and construction cooperatives for the implementation of energy-efficient measures in the housing sector for 2016-2023. It is emphasized that for the purpose of social support of all categories of citizens of Ukraine who are in the territory of the Kryvyi Rih urban territorial community, during the period of martial law in Ukraine, and to increase their social security, free travel in public municipal public transport is introduced in the city. It should be noted that the Strategic Development Plan of the city of Kryvyi Rih for the period until 2025 has been approved at the local level, based on a transformational version of the city's development, which reflects the focus on supporting the positive development vector of all spheres of the city's life, innovative renewal and diversification of the economy. It is emphasized that the chosen Strategy provides for the provision of coordinated joint actions of local executive bodies and local self-government bodies in the conditions of a military/post-war state in order to implement a unified state policy for the development of Ukraine at the district level. The authors formulate strategic directions for effective and efficient implementation of Kryvyi Rih Socio-Economic Development Program for 2023-2025 based on the principles of developing local socio-economic development programs, namely: decentralization of management; development of interregional cooperation; implementation of a system for identifying and assessing priority social problems of a certain territory; optimization of state management structures and procedures; implementation of an active resource strategy by bodies of executive power and local self-government; promotion of public activity and development of various forms of self-organization of the population; raising the level of social culture and education of employees of state administration and local authorities, deputies of all levels.

The stylistic originality of Yurii Shevchenko’s instrumental works on the example of “ThreeUkrainian Songs” for string orchestra

Statement of the problem. The musical language of Ukrainian composers of the XX–XXI centuries is a complex and rather poorly studied field in modern musicology. This phenomenon raises many questions due to the diversity of styles, forms, and individual expressive systems of composers. Music for chamber ensemble vividly reflects the significant transformations in the artistic perception owned to our era. This musical context includes the work of the Ukrainian composer Yuriі Valentynovych Shevchenko (1953–2022), an outstanding figure in the national musical culture. The composer’s work is considered mainly in the journalistic discourse (Sushchenko, 2006; Cherdintseva, 2003, etc.). In recent scientific publications devoted to Shevchenko’s work, the authors (Aksiutina, 2022; Sadovenko, 2023; Tarasenko, 2008) focus on the analysis of the composer’s ballet music. The study by V. Stepurko (2023) helps to come closer to understanding the composer’s creative narratives: “... the author in his work aims to find the hidden philosophical depths of fairy-tale “worlds” as a sign and sound space. His works use various musical means of expression, but structured according to classical models, they are strikingly full of modern philosophical ideas, the search for humanistic postulates to solve the problems of humanity” (Stepurko, 2023: 132). However, a comprehensive musicological consideration of chamber and instrumental works remains outside the attention of researchers that determines the relevance of this publication. Objectives, methods, and novelty of the research. The purpose of this article is to reveal expressive means and stylistic features of Yu. Shevchenko’s chamber and instrumental music using the example of “Three Ukrainian Songs” for string orchestra. The named works have not yet been the subject of a special musicological analysis. The following methods were used in the study: historical, system-analytical, comparative, and hermeneutic, as well as a complex of specific musicological methods: structural-functional, semantic, musical-dramaturgical, timbre and textural analysis (for considering the musical form in its dynamics, the artistic expressiveness of harmonic, polyphonic, melodic and rhythmic means; when studying the orchestral score for revealing the specifics of the use of timbre colours of instruments). Research results and conclusion. In the process of implementing the symbolic program of the “Three Ukrainian Songs” for string orchestra, the principle of sound painting and the thematic meaning of rhythm get an important role. Audio-visual effects are achieved through the combination of timbres of various instruments and the use of special ways. The creation of sound perspective and the effect of spatiality are facilitated by polyphonic techniques of development and the combination of distant registers (also, in the first song, the temple bell effect arises due to synchronization of the propagation of sound vibrations). The game component, which is present in the third song, is realized through the “terrace” dynamics (f–p) and the “instant” register juxtaposition in parts of the I–II violins. To reproduce folklore intonations, to imitate the sound of folk instruments, the composer uses a variety of timbres of a string orchestra, in particular, orchestral pedals; characteristic rhythmic and melodic turns, sudden tonal shifts, original tonal plans, as well as various polyphonic techniques and the polyphonic-variation method of development. Using folklore material, Yu. Shevchenko complements each of the selected melodies with a harmonic texture, masterfully works with the vertical, and writes out each voice in a jewelled manner. In his interpretation of folk songs, genre features are emphasized: “Many Years” is a glorifying chant, “The Boat is Sailing” is a barcarolle, “Jenchichok-brenchichok”(“Reaper-Chirper”) is a scherzo. Meter and rhythm, register, and timbre solutions contribute to the highlighting of the characteristic genre features. The architectonics of the cycle carries a semantic load and contributes to the demonstration of the idea of the fluidity of life time: “Blessings of Life” (the idea of Part I) – “Immersion in the Process of Life” (Part II) – “Joy of Life” (Part III). So, the interpretive component of the cycle has a positive vector aimed at raising the emotional state of performers and listeners, as evidenced by the bright, “fiery” character of the treatment of the humorous folk song in the third, final, part of the cycle. The trends of form-making, the techniques of using harmony and polyphony laid down by the composer , as well as the conceptual solution of the cycle open wide prospects for the further development of Ukrainian chamber-instrumental music.

Assessment of anterior malar projections using cephalometric and clinical photographs in Gujarati population

Midface plays a vital role in contributing to facial aesthetics; despite this, there prevails a need for orthodontic literature to provide specific diagnostic criteria. We are blessed with ample literature to evaluate such, but due to some shortcomings, we lack to decide exact treatment plan. To clarify such limitations of various midface analysis, there is a need to consider the projections of the malar prominence in individuals with different skeletal mal-relationships. 40 subjects between the ages of 10 and 12 years, were equally divided into groups based on visual assessment of negative and positive vector relationships. Groups A and B comprised 20 subjects (10 male, 10 female) displaying a positive and negative vector relationship respectively. For both groups, Sella-nasion-Orbitale angulations were measured to evaluate the subjects’ anteroposterior position of the malar eminence relative to the cranial base. The angulation measurements obtained for SNO were smaller in the negative vector than the positive on an average of 5.9°, P < 0.05. No significant difference in values between males and females was observed. Visual assessment of vector relationships can effectively classify anterior malar projection which can be utilized to decide different orthodontic treatment modalities.

Bounds and Heuristics for Multiproduct Pricing

For a large class of demand models that allow for multiple consumer types, we present performance guarantees for simple nonpersonalized pricing heuristics relative to optimal personalized pricing. Our results demonstrate that in a general setting, the effectiveness of pricing along a positive vector depends on how the price vector aligns with optimal personalized price vectors. We propose two positive direction vectors: the “economic” and “robust” directions. The economic direction is a convex combination of the optimal personalized price vectors and aims to do well on average. The robust direction offers the best worst-case performance guarantee. By judiciously selecting pricing directions, our results also provide performance guarantees of simple pricing strategies relative to more sophisticated pricing strategies. In particular, we provide performance guarantees for nonpersonalized, optimal linear pricing relative to optimal nonlinear, personalized pricing. Our research also examines the performance of common heuristics for bundle pricing relative to optimal, personalized, bundle-size pricing. Our experiments show that performance often improves when consumer types are clustered and each cluster is offered a price direction. We compared the performance of the k-means clustering heuristic and the farthest point first clustering heuristic. Our findings indicated that k-means clustering has significantly superior performance on average. This suggests that businesses could potentially benefit from implementing k-means clustering in their pricing strategies. In conclusion, our study offers valuable insights and performance guarantees for various pricing strategies and their relative effectiveness. These findings could inform pricing decisions and potentially lead to improved outcomes for firms. This paper was accepted by Chung-Piaw Teo, optimization. Funding: This work was supported by Collaborative Research Funding (CRF) Hong Kong [Grant (CRF) C6032-21G], RGC Hong Kong [Grant 16502819], and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.04173 .

Modeling of production processes in grain sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan: new solutions

The Republic of Kazakhstan is considered one of the countries with the highest potential for grain production in the world, since it has the appropriate infrastructure, the necessary sown areas, harvesting technologies, and human capital. At the same time, high competition and the tasks of ensuring food security of the state require a constant search for ways to improve the effectiveness and rationality of management decisions in crop production. The goal is to determine directions and trends for increasing the effective functioning of grain farming in Kazakhstan. During the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, mathematical modeling and comparison were used. Results - analysis of the volumes of wheat grown in 2010-2022. showed a positive vector of development, the average harvest increases annually by 228 thousand tons, in 2022 22 million tons were harvested in the Republic of Kazakhstan, this is the highest figure in the last 10 years. Of course, this is a satisfactory dynamic, but there are untapped reserves in the industry. Based on the production indicators of the regions of the republic cultivating this crop, the most effective of them were identified. For these purposes, the DEA method was used. Conclusions - the main target function of grain sector is to maximize the satisfaction of the population's needs for grain products. Other, no less important, its functions: creating a balanced market for grains and raw materials for the processing industry; more complete use of production capabilities in all areas of the grain product vertical of the AIC; reduction of losses at the junctions of production - transportation - processing - grain trade. Structural proportions in the development of the grain product subcomplex become a significant factor ensuring its sustainable functioning.

Assessing the impact of host predation with Holling II response on the transmission of Chagas disease

Chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by a broad range of blood-sucking triatomine species. Recently, it is recognized that the parasite can also be transmitted by host ingestion. In this paper, we propose a Chagas disease model incorporating two transmission routes of biting-defecation and host predation between vectors and hosts with Holling II functional response. The basic reproduction number R_v of triatomine population and basic reproduction numbers R_0 of disease population are derived analytically, and it is shown that they are insufficient to serve as threshold quantities to determine dynamics of the model. Our results have revealed the phenomenon of bistability, with backward and forward bifurcations. Specifically, if R_v>1, the dynamic is rather simple, namely, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable as R_0<1 and a unique endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable as R_0>1. However, if R_v<1, there exists a backward bifurcation with one unstable and one stable positive vector equilibria, and bistability phenomenon occurs, revealing that different initial conditions may lead to disease extinction or persistence even if the corresponding R_0>1. In conclusion, predation transmission in general reduces the risk of Chagas disease, whilst it makes the complexity of Chagas disease transmission, requiring an integrated strategy for the prevention and control of Chagas disease.