Positive Reaction Research Articles

Contact sensitization and self-reported eczema in Swedish painters with occupational exposure to isothiazolinones.

Due to an increasing occupational usage of isothiazolinone (IT)-containing preservatives, and their potential to cause skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis, that is, chronic disease, there is a need for more knowledge on how highly exposed workers are affected. The overall objective was to explore dermatological symptoms of potentially long-lasting or chronic character in Swedish painters. Building painters from western and southern Sweden were initially invited to perform a questionnaire on occurrence of skin symptoms. Participants with affirmative responses, and the right inclusion criteria, were further invited to patch testing with four different ITs: benzisothiazolinone (BIT), methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone and octylisothiazolinone. There was a tendency towards higher occurrence of positive patch test reactions among the painters compared with occupationally unexposed registry patients; however, not statistically significant differences. BIT was the substance most frequently causing positive test results in both groups. The occurrence of adult-onset eczema was higher in painters than in the control group of electricians, and just shy of statistical significance concerning any of several skin locations (face/legs/arms/hands). Building painters present with positive patch test reactions to common paint preservatives (ITs), and they report adult-onset eczema more often than do less occupationally exposed groups.

The impact of purified protein derivative prior to intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin for the treatment of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the intradermal injection of purified protein derivative (PPD) and PPD skin test reactions on the oncological outcomes of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated by trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and adjuvant intravesical BCG. The study included 100 consecutive patients with NMIBC prospectively given intradermal PPD 1-2 weeks before starting BCG therapy. Another 100 patients with NMIBC not given intradermal PPD before starting BCG were chosen as a historical control. The control group was chosen to be matching with the study group regarding baseline characteristics. The study group was divided into 2 subgroups with positive and negative reaction to PPD skin test. Oncological outcomes, immunological markers (TNF-α and IL-6) changes and BCG side effects were evaluated. There were no significant differences between patients who received PPD or not regarding the 2-year recurrence free survival (RFS) rates and progression-free survival (PFS) rates and immunological markers changes. The 2-year RFS and PFS rates were significantly higher in patients with positive reactions. Post-induction values of immunological markers increased in all patients with a significant increase in patients with positive reactions. BCG side effects were significantly higher in patients with positive reactions. The intradermal injection of PPD before intravesical BCG has no impact on oncological outcomes of patients with NMIBC treated with TURBT and intravesical BCG. However, the PPD skin test reactions before BCG therapy can predict the oncological outcomes, BCG side effects and the immunological outcomes of patients.

See it, share it: what makes social media content viral in the higher education context? The power of positive affective content

PurposeThis research examines how universities enhance the virality of their social media messages among students. Specifically, we explore whether and how positive affective content in universities’ social media posts can influence sharing behavior. We also investigate the mediating roles of perceived effort and positive emotional reaction, as well as the moderating effect of visual content (i.e. photos).Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon the emotions as social information model, we conducted (1) an online experiment (N = 222) and (2) text analysis of 1,269,798 Twitter posts extracted from the accounts of 94 UK universities over 11 years (2010–2020) to test our hypotheses.FindingsThe findings show that social media posts containing positive affective content encourage sharing behavior and the relationship is mediated by both perceived effort and positive emotional reaction. An additional finding suggests that the use of visual content (photos) strengthens the relationship between positive affective content and sharing behaviors through an interaction effect.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the scant research focusing on positive affective content in the higher education context. The findings shed light on how universities could create social media communications that engage current and prospective students.

Deciphering Public Sentiment on iPhone 14: A BERT-Based Analysis of Twitter Discourse

The study delves into understanding the sentiment of Twitter users towards the iPhone 14 by employing sentiment analysis models. Recognizing the limitations of traditional sentiment analysis tools, the research utilizes the BERT model, known for its bidirectional understanding of textual context. Initially, the study observed a prevailing negative sentiment using general models. However, after refining the approach using BERT, a more balanced representation of sentiments was observed. The BERT model's results highlighted both positive and negative reactions towards the iPhone 14 on Twitter, with distinct peaks in sentiment scores. The research underscores the importance of leveraging advanced models like BERT for tasks requiring nuanced understanding, providing stakeholders in the technology domain with comprehensive insights into public sentiment.

The Impact of Social Media Advertising on Consumer Purchase Decisions

Social media has risen as an effective stage for promoting, impacting shopper behaviors and buying choices universally. This considers points to investigate the effect of social media publicizing on customer buy choices, analyzing the components through which social media campaigns influence buyer inclinations, demeanors, and eventually, buying behavior. The investigation utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative investigation of buyer studies with subjective examination of social media advertisement substance and engagement measurements. Key components such as advertisement significance, validity, personalization, and social impact are explored to get their part in forming customer discernments and choices. Discoveries uncover that compelling social media promotion altogether impacts buyer buy choices by making mindfulness, improving brand engagement, building belief, and leveraging social supports. Besides, the study reveals the significance of focused on publicizing techniques, intuitive substance, and consumer-generated input in driving positive customer reactions and cultivating brand devotion. The suggestions of these discoveries amplify to marketers, sponsors, and businesses looking for to optimize their social media promoting techniques to viably reach and lock in their target group of onlookers, improve brand discernment, and drive change rates. Future investigate headings are proposed to dig deeper into particular industry settings, buyer sections, and developing social media patterns to improve our understanding of the energetic exchange between social media promotion and customer behavior.

Machine Learning in Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Identifying (Dis)similarities between Polysensitized and Monosensitized Patients

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction occurring in sensitized individuals due to exposure to allergens. Polysensitization, defined as positive reactions to multiple unrelated haptens, increases the risk of ACD development and affects patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study is to apply machine learning in order to analyze the association between ACD, polysensitization, individual susceptibility, and patients’ characteristics. Methods: Patch test results and demographics from 400 ACD patients (Study protocol Nr. 3765/2022), categorized as polysensitized or monosensitized, were analyzed. Classic statistical analysis and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) were utilized to explore relationships among variables. Results: The findings revealed significant associations between patient characteristics and ACD patterns, with hand dermatitis showing the strongest correlation. MCA provided insights into the complex interplay of demographic and clinical factors influencing ACD prevalence. Conclusion: Overall, this study highlights the potential of machine learning in unveiling hidden patterns within dermatological data, paving the way for future advancements in the field.

Examination of Pain, Quality of Life, Disability, and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Disc Surgery with and without COVID-19

Aim: This study aims to examine pain, disability, anxiety, and quality of life in patients undergoing lumbar disc herniation (LDH) surgery with and without COVID-19. Material and Method: Eighty patients who were diagnosed with LDH and planned surgery between March and September 2023 were included in the study. 50% of the patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 for at most six months, according to the positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. 50% of the patients had no symptoms of COVID-19, ranging from mild to severe, and the PCR test was negative (-). The patients' pain level, disability, anxiety, and quality of life were evaluated and compared between the groups with and without COVID. Results: The mean scores of physical roles, physical function, mental health, body pain, and social function on the SF-36 quality of life scale in the LDH+COVID-19 (+) patient group were significantly lower than those in LDH+COVID-19 (-) (p

Facebook reactions in the context of politics and social issues: a systematic literature review

In February 2016, Facebook expanded the original “Like” button by introducing five additional “Reactions”—Love, Haha, Wow, Sad, and Angry—using modified versions of Unicode emojis. These reactions enable users to express more nuanced emotions towards posts. This literature review investigates scholarly research on user behavior in response to these reactions, with a focus on a broad spectrum of socioeconomic and psychological issues. We conducted a systematic search across databases including Scopus and Google Scholar, using keywords such as “Facebook” and “Reaction,” combined with various key phrases and Boolean operators. Our review synthesizes sixty-four articles published from 2016 to 2023, exploring diverse topics such as political news, far-right and extremist parties, racism, and hate speech during the COVID-19 pandemic. We organized these articles by theme and publication date. Our meta-analysis reveals that lifestyle and entertainment posts predominantly receive positive reactions, while sociopolitical content tends to elicit a broader spectrum of emotions, including negative sentiments. Furthermore, emotionally charged content consistently attracts higher volumes of reactions, regardless of sentiment. This research highlights the intricate relationship between user reactions and content characteristics, providing deeper insights into the dynamics of online engagement. By understanding these interaction patterns, we gain a better grasp of emotional responses and engagement levels, which ultimately shape online discourse and user interactions.

From field to feed: Norwegian Football Players’ usage and self-presentation on Instagram throughout the UEFA Women's EURO 2022 Championship

The UEFA Women's EURO 2022 and the FIFA 2023 Women's World Cup set new attendance records, thereby reflecting the growing popularity of women's football. In this context, social media platforms have become critical tools for women athletes offering opportunities for sponsorship and activism. This study focuses on the Instagram activity of five individual players from the Norwegian national team during the UEFA Women's EURO 2022. It examines the following research questions. (a) What type of content did the players post throughout the UEFA Women's EURO 2022 Championship period? (b) How did content type and posting frequency vary throughout the championship period? (c) How did audiences engage with the various types of content posted on Instagram throughout the championship period? Methodologically, this article is based on a quantitative content analysis of posts, stories and comments shared by the players during the championship period. Our findings reveal a diverse content sharing pattern that is indicative of strategic impression management. Players predominantly shared sports-related content to enhance their profiles as committed athletes; a tactic aligning with audience expectations. Their posting frequency peaked around matchdays, reduced post-loss and indicated a strategic approach to maintain a positive online presence. Post-elimination, players diversified their content by incorporating business and personal aspects, thereby indicating a shift to a more multifaceted self-presentation. Audience engagement was largely positive, with interactions showing support and encouragement, which reinforced the effectiveness of sports-focused content in garnering positive reactions. However, the posts relating to LGBTIQA+ activism prompted a notable amount of negative feedback, which highlighted the challenges and potential backlash when engaging in social media activism.

The impact of announcements of regulatory and law enforcement penalties on stock market valuation of US banks from 2000 to 2022

Purpose This paper aims to analyze stock market reactions to announcements of regulatory and law enforcement penalties imposed on banks operating in the USA. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines abnormal stock market returns around penalty announcements for banks operating in the USA from 2000 to 2022. The authors use a comprehensive data set of nearly 600 penalties to conduct their event study. Findings This paper finds evidence of positive and statistically significant abnormal returns on the day of the penalty announcement. However, the authors also observe negative and statistically significant abnormal returns days later, violating the semi-strong efficient market hypothesis. Originality/value By accounting for confounding events and analyzing subsamples, the authors reconcile conflicting results from prior literature that have variously shown negative, null or positive stock market reactions to penalty announcements.

Can Consumers’ Altruistic Inferences Solve the CSR Initiative Puzzle? A Meta-analytic Investigation

AbstractResearch into consumer responses to corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives has expanded in the past four decades, yet the evidence thus far provided does not paint a cohesive picture. Results suggest both positive and negative consumer reactions to CSR, and unless such mixed findings can be reconciled, the outcome might be an amalgamation of disparate empirical results rather than a coherent body of knowledge. The current meta-analysis therefore tests whether the mixed findings might reflect consumers’ distinct, altruistic inferences across various contingency factors. On the basis of 337 effect sizes, involving 584,990 unique respondents, in 162 studies published between 1996 and 2021, this study reveals that altruistic inferences are central to the current CSR paradigm, such that they mediate the effects of CSR initiatives on consumer responses across multiple contingencies. The mediation by altruistic inferences is stronger (weaker) in conditions favorable to dispositional (situational) motive attributions. Furthermore, consumers respond more favorably to cause marketing or philanthropy rather than business-related CSR initiatives, when the initiative is environmental (vs. social), the firm’s offering is utilitarian (vs. hedonic), the CSR initiative takes place in self-expressive (vs. survival) cultures and in earlier (vs. later) periods. These findings offer several ethical implications, and they inform both practical recommendations and an agenda for further research directions.

Enhancing service recovery satisfaction with chatbots: The role of humor and informal language

Effective communication with customers is a key factor in achieving positive reactions, especially in text-based chatbots where no human interaction is involved. This study investigates how the use of humor and informal language by chatbots affects service recovery satisfaction (SRS) following service failures, with a focus on the moderating role of brand equity and service failure severity. Results from the two scenario-based experiments suggest that a match between humor and informal language can increase SRS, particularly for low-equity brands and low severity failures. The findings provide practical implications for companies using chatbots for customer service and suggest incorporating humor and informal language into their messaging when addressing service failures.

Making Judgments of Learning Either Enhances or Impairs Memory: Evidence From 17 Experiments With Related and Unrelated Word Pairs

Published studies found that predicting one’s future memory during learning (judgments of learning, JOLs) consistently improved cued-recall performance for related word pairs. In contrast, making JOLs had inconsistent effects on memory for unrelated pairs, with most studies finding null effects and some finding detrimental effects. This study reports data from 17 experiments in which participants either made or did not make JOLs for related and unrelated word pairs in their everyday language. Making JOLs increased the difference in memory performance between related and unrelated pairs in every experiment. Although almost all experiments showed numerically positive JOL reactivity for related pairs and numerically negative JOL reactivity for unrelated pairs, either effect was reliable in just half of the experiments. Small-scale meta-analyses revealed small-to-moderate positive reactivity for related pairs and small-to-moderate negative reactivity for unrelated pairs. Language of word pairs (German, Hebrew, or English) moderated positive reactivity and experimental setting (controlled or unsupervised online) moderated negative reactivity, but none of the other moderators we examined—presence of an additional pair type, study time, total number of pairs—impacted reactivity. Experiments that showed positive reactivity for related pairs tended not to show negative reactivity for unrelated pairs, and vice versa. Overall, these findings indicate that negative JOL reactivity for unrelated pairs is similarly large and robust as positive reactivity for related pairs. They favor the cue-strengthening hypothesis with dual-task costs over other accounts and raise the practically relevant possibility that monitoring could have detrimental effects on learning in educational settings. All data are freely available online.

Development of Noninvasive Method for the Automated Analysis of Nine Steroid Hormones in Human Saliva by Online Coupling of In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction with Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Accurate measurement of steroid hormones is crucial to elucidate new mechanisms of action and diagnose steroid metabolism-related diseases. This study presents a simple, sensitive, and automated analytical method for nine representative steroid hormones. The method involves on-line coupling of in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The steroid hormones were extracted and enriched on a Supel-Q PLOT capillary column using IT-SPME. Subsequently, they were separated and detected within 6 min using a Discovery HS F5-3 column and positive ion mode multiple reaction monitoring system via LC–MS/MS. Calibration curves of these compounds using each stable isotope-labeled internal standard (IS) showed linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9990 in the range of 0.01–40 ng/mL, with limits of detection (S/N = 3) of 0.7–21 pg/mL. Moreover, intra- and inter-day variations were lower than 8.1 and 15% (n = 6), respectively. The recoveries of these compounds from saliva samples were in the range of 82–114%. The developed IT-SPME/LC–MS/MS method of steroid hormones is a highly sensitive, specific, and non-invasive analytical method that allows extraction and enrichment with no organic solvents, and enables direct automated online analysis by simply ultrafiltrating a small sample of saliva.

ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS AND ATOPIC DERMATITIS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE OVERLAP SYNDROME

Introduction. The combination of atopic dermatitis (AD) with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) or the occurrence of ACD on the background of atopic dermatitis is called the overlap syndrome. Studies have demonstrated several reasons why patients with AD have a similar or even increased risk of developing ACD compared to those without AD. Allergens and haptens are trigger factors in a group of patients with AD and ACD overlap syndrome. The aim of the study. To confirm the diagnosis of ACD in a group of patients with AD – diagnose the overlap syndrome and analyze which allergens and haptens were the trigger factors in this group. Materials and methods. To confirm IgE-dependent sensitization in atopic dermatitis, skin prick tests or determination of specific IgE in blood serum were performed. Skin patch tests (European series S-1000) were performed to determine the mechanisms of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Results. It was found that the highest specific weight of positive allergic reactions has been recorded in response to the following allergens: ticks, ticks/ambrosia, birch and mold. The absolute majority of patients demonstrated positive specific IgE-dependent sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae – 24 (50%), in turn, on Ambrósia – 14 (29.2%), and on Alternaria alternata – 8 (16.7%). Also, the reaction was most often recorded to haptens: cobalt, nickel, formaldehyde, PPD, textile dyes. Deterioration of the clinical course and shortening of AD remission periods were observed due to the formation of ACD against the background of impaired skin barrier function and the presence of chronic immune inflammation. Conclusions. Patients with AD are more often diagnosed with ACD, which predictably worsens the course of AD. Patients with confirmed overlap syndrome "AD + ACD" most often show reactions to haptens: Cobalt, Nikel, Formaldehyde, PPD, Textile dye mix – and in the vast majority to 2 haptens or more in one patient.

Gender and reactions to speeches in German parliamentary debates

AbstractAre nonverbal reactions during parliamentary debate gendered? Do male and female members of parliament (MPs) experience applause or jeering differently? In short, yes, and the gendered nature of a speech matters. Using an original corpus of over 544,000 speeches given in German state parliaments, we first estimate the gendered nature of parliamentary speeches and then examine how reactions to speeches given by male and female MPs differ. Female and male MPs receive similarly positive and negative reactions to their speeches on average, but they receive different reactions depending on the gendered nature of the speeches. Speeches using language associated with women's topics receive fewer reactions overall and even fewer when delivered by men. The gendered nature of parliamentary interjections could affect how women MPs view their position and how women voters view parliament.

Does Active or Informative Messaging Result in Greater Conservation Engagement?

Strategic communication can motivate target audiences to take conservation action. Yet, whether audiences are motivated by more information or more influential visuals is unclear. Using online surveys, we compared different visual communication strategies using text, graphics, and photographs for encouraging parrotfish-friendly conservation behaviors to see which one yields greater emotion, interest, and intended action. Experiment 1 explored whether a scientific-oriented poster would be more or less effective in promoting conservation behaviors than a graphical poster using social marketing techniques. Experiment 2 contrasted the two posters with a photograph and graphic icons without text against a blank control. Results revealed how engaging visuals can inspire reactions and behavioral intentions. The posters both elicited positive reactions, but with less text and content to process, the social marketing poster more efficiently inspired the desired reactions. This work highlights that conservation communications can strategically use psychology and graphics to efficiently inspire desired actions.

Primitive Embryonic-Type Neuroectodermal/Glandular Complexes in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Mimic of Embryonic-Type Neuroectodermal Tumor.

Embryonic-type neuroectodermal elements are often intimately mixed with primitive endodermal-type glands, like those of yolk sac tumors, in germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS)-derived germ cell tumors of the testis. Because the primitive glands mimic tubules or rosettes of embryonic-type neuroectodermal elements, these embryonic-type neuroectodermal/glandular complexes may be misinterpreted as pure lesions of embryonic-type neuroectodermal elements, which, if of sufficient size, may lead to a diagnosis of embryonic-type neuroectodermal tumor, despite that the criteria of the World Health Organization for a "somatic-type malignancy" are not met. A diagnosis of embryonic-type neuroectodermal tumor in the testis may lead to retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy even in clinical stage I patients, and in postchemotherapy resections indicates a poor prognosis. The distinction of the neuroectodermal and glandular elements is not always straightforward based on morphology alone. We, therefore, studied 34 testis-derived germ cell tumors with embryonic-type neuroectodermal/glandular complexes and 2 purely glandular yolk sac tumors to characterize the immunophenotypes and determine an efficient immunohistochemical panel to aid in this differential. We found that GFAP, synaptophysin, and paired-like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) expression was specific to embryonic-type neuroectodermal elements, although PHOX2B had poor sensitivity. In contrast, positive reactions with antibodies directed against AFP, villin, and CDX2 were specific for the glandular elements, although CDX2 had poor sensitivity. Other markers, including AE1/AE3 cytokeratin, SALL4, glypican 3, SOX2, SOX11, CD56, INSM1, and neurofilament, proved less helpful because of their nonspecificity and/or poor sensitivity. We conclude that the optimal immunohistochemical panel for distinguishing the components of embryonic-type neuroectodermal/glandular complexes includes stains for synaptophysin, GFAP, villin, and AFP.

Methylisothiazolinone sensitisation in New Zealand is decreasing.

In the last 10 years methylisothiazolinone (MI) emerged as a global cause of preservative-related ACD. New Zealand has liberal regulations for the MI concentration limit in cosmetic products compared to Europe and Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MI sensitisation in New Zealand, explore sources of MI exposure and make recommendations on New Zealand regulations for MI use. This retrospective study included data from patients who underwent patch testing with MI from 2008 to 2021 in a tertiary hospital dermatology clinic and a private dermatology clinic in Auckland, New Zealand. Patient baseline characteristics were recorded along with results of patch testing. Sources of MI exposure were identified from medical records. Over the study period, 1049 patch tests were performed in 1044 patients. MI was only tested as a stand-alone allergen from 2015; positive reactions to MI increased from 5.3% in 2015 to a peak of 11.9% in 2017 and then decreased to 6.4% in 2021. The most common source of MI exposure was shampoo or conditioner (27.7% of all relevant reactions) followed by occupational exposures to paints, biocides or glue (19.1%). Both sensitisation and ACD to MI appear to be decreasing, likely secondary to changes in product compounding due to stricter concentration limits internationally. We recommend New Zealand adopt lower MI concentration limits for cosmetics to match the limits of Australia and Europe.

Touched by Quakes: Mortality Salience and Corporate Philanthropy

ABSTRACT This study examines how natural catastrophes affect corporate philanthropic activities in China. Firms located in areas experiencing severe seismic losses increase charitable donations. The effect is stronger when firms demonstrate stronger social responsibility, operate in higher-mortality regions, and are led by female or elder CEOs, supporting the mortality salience hypothesis. We address endogeneity issues with an instrumental variable and a propensity score matching approaches. Furthermore, firms with higher charitable donations experience a more positive stock market reaction around the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Overall, our findings suggest that natural catastrophes amplify financial market participants’ mortality salience and affect their economic decisions.