Positive Legal Provisions Research Articles

Utilization of electronic transactions to increase non-tax state revenue in the telecommunications sector

The telecommunications sector is crucial in a country’s economy. The advancements in information and communication technology have had a significant impact on this sector, particularly in the electronic transactions domain. The utilization of electronic transactions in the telecommunications sector can yield substantial benefits, including increasing non-tax state revenue and economic development in Indonesia. The Covid-19 pandemic has served as a catalyst for the sharp rise in internet usage and telecommunications services, such as work-from-home, distance learning, online shopping or payments, industrial digitization, telemedicine, and others. Consequently, digital transformation has accelerated, necessitating the equitable distribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Indonesia. The utilization of electronic transactions has directly contributed to the increase in state revenue from non-tax sector, particularly in the telecommunications sector. This can be observed through the continuous growth of non-tax revenue achieved by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics, surpassing the set targets each year in terms of realized value. The objective of this research is to analyze the effectiveness, challenges, and impacts of electronic transactions in increasing non-tax state revenue, in order to generate policy recommendations in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method, analyzing positive legal provisions. Data sources were obtained from three types of legal materials, and data collection was conducted both online and offline. The research results indicate that the utilization of electronic transactions can increase non-tax state revenue in the telecommunications sector through various forms such as telecommunications bill payments, e-commerce transactions, sales of prepaid credit and data packages, telecommunications devices, digital services, content delivery, and transaction monitoring and oversight.

Tanggung Jawab Penjual Terhadap Pembeli Terkait Jual Beli Online Dengan Sistem Pre Order

Introduction: Online buying and selling transactions are permitted by law, as there is a principle of freedom to contract stated in Article 1338 of the Civil Code, as long as it does not violate the provisions of Article 1337 of the Civil Code. However, there are still people who violate the agreements made, causing losses due to non-performance by the seller/business actor, namely NAMAStudios brand, to the buyer, by not delivering the ordered goods.Purposes of the Research: Explaining the seller's responsibility in breach of contract in online buying and selling with a pre-order system, and the dispute resolution by the affected buyer in online buying and selling with a pre-order system.Methods of the Research: The research methodology used is juridical normative. A juridical normative research is a type of research that examines legal materials, legal doctrines, legal principles, legal norms, and positive legal provisions to address the legal issues being studied.Results of the Research: Article 19 of the Consumer Protection Law states that business actors are responsible for damages and losses suffered by consumers caused by the goods or services they trade. The seller can be held liable both contractually and by risk. In dispute resolution, there are two avenues that can be taken: litigation and alternative dispute resolution, in accordance with Article 38 of the ITE Law and Article 39 of the Consumer Protection Law. Consumer dispute resolution can be done through the court or alternative dispute resolution in accordance with Article 45 of the Consumer Protection Law. In terms of litigation, consumers can file a lawsuit through a class action in accordance with Article 46 paragraph (1) point 2, while non-litigation alternative avenues can be through the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK), also regulated in the Consumer Protection Law.

Juridical Consequences of Anticipatory Breach as a Form of Breach of a Contract

Default is a condition in which one of the parties does not carry out or fulfill obligations to the other party as specified in an agreement. In addition, there are several forms of default: not doing something at all, doing something but it is too late, doing something only partially, and doing something prohibited. The concept, the forms, and the consequences of default are often encountered in various literature and legal experts' opinions, unlike the concept of Anticipatory Breach, which is a form of breach of contract/default that exists universally in contract law. In Indonesia, no positive legal provisions accommodate the Anticipatory Breach concept in the form of default. Its nonexistence becomes interesting from the point of view of contract law, where sometimes the parties to the agreement directly or indirectly commit a form of anticipatory breach in implementing the agreement. So that this will raise a question how the impact of an anticipatory breach on the sustainability and implementation of the agreement that the parties have made.

Analisis Yuridis Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Pencurian Arus Listrik di PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara: Persero Unit Layanan Pelanggan Tanjungbalai

The increasing human need for electricity has led to an increase in various modes of electricity theft. The aim of this research was to determine the resolution of the crime of electric current theft at PT PLN Tanjungbalai city. The research method used is a normative juridical legal research method (normative law research), namely a legal research method by examining the implementation or implementation of positive legal provisions (legislation) and factual contracts in every legal event and achievement of goals in society. The data collection technique uses literature review as secondary data by discussing Law Number 30 of 2009 concerning Electricity and interviews as primary data to determine the resolution and prevention of acts of electricity theft in the city of Tanjungbalai. The steps taken by PT. PLN Tanjungbalai City in resolving the criminal act of electricity theft are based on the provisions stated in PT. PLN Directors Regulation Number 0028 to provide a deterrent effect and fear to the individuals who carry out the theft. PT. PLN Tanjungbalai city also carries out prevention by providing outreach about electricity to the community as an effort to increase understanding and awareness of sanctions for committing violations.

IMPLEMENTASI ZAKAT PROFESI DI LINGKUNGAN KANTOR DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH KABUPATEN SAMBAS PERSPEKTIF MASLAHAH MURSALAH

Zakat is worship related to material possessions. These assets are usually in the form of money, commercial goods, livestock, crop products, and so on. Zakat is also a great potential that can be used as capital for state development as well as the predecessors of Islam. The benefit of paying zakat is to cleanse and purify the property they get so that they always get blessings. 
 The formulation of the problem in this study is: how to Implement Professional Zakat at the Office of the Regional People's Representative Council of Sambas Regency and the Implementation of Professional Zakat at the Office of the Regional People's Representative Council of Sambas Regency Perspective of Maslahah Mursalah. 
 This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, and uses an empirical normative approach that examines the implementation or implementation of positive legal provisions (legislation) and written documents in action (factual) on a particular legal event that occurs in society. The result of this study is that the implementation of professional zakat in the Office of the Regional People's Representative Council of Sambas Regency has been carried out in accordance with the procedures for implementing professional zakat, and the point of view of the community about professional zakat is that the payment of professional zakat is very useful to help the community's economy and ease their living burden.

Juridical Analysis of Disciplinary Enforcement of State Civil Servants within the Batam City Government

The government has established regulations related to discipline, namely Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant Discipline. This regulation is intended to create employees with moral integrity, professionalism and accountability so that it can be used as a guide in enforcing discipline. However, the reality in the field is that disciplinary violations among ASN within the Batam City Government still occur frequently and repeatedly.This research aims to find out how the implementation of discipline enforcement of State Civil Apparatus within the Batam City Government. This research uses a qualitative type of research. The research method is empirical normative research, namely examining the factual implementation or implementation of positive legal provisions and contracts in each specific legal event, so this research requires primary data and secondary data. Data sources were obtained from primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.The obstacles faced in enforcing discipline are caused by lessthan optimal supervision, guidance and leadership not being firm in imposing disciplinary sanctions, a less conducive work environment, low awareness of the importance of discipline by ASN, a lack of sense of responsibility in carrying out their duties/work, and low emotional intelligence. influenced by the level of education. The solution to facing obstacles to enforcing discipline is by giving sanctions or firm action to employees who are proven to have committed disciplinary violations, providing rewards or awards, socializing disciplinary regulations, placing employees through transfers, rotating based on assessment results and in accordance with competency standards as well as interests and talents. employees, as well as improving education so that emotional intelligence increases. The research results show that the implementation of enforcement of disciplinary sanctions in the Batam City Order Environment has been running according to the applicable mechanism but has not been implemented optimally. While legal arrangements regarding enforcement of discipline for civil servants already exist, sanctions for violations of medium level disciplinary penalties have not been effectively implemented because government regulations have not yet been issued as supporting regulations in accordance with the mandate of article 42 of Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021. The government is expected to immediately issue government regulations as regulations supporter in determining sanctions for moderate level disciplinary violations.

Juridical Analysis of Marine Pollution Prevention Control in the Barelang Coastal Community Area by the Batam City Government

This research aims to determine the control of preventing marine pollution in the Barelang Coastal Community Area. This research uses a qualitative type of research. The research method is empirical normative research, namely examining the factual implementation or implementation of positive legal provisions and contracts in each specific legal event, so this research requires primary data and secondary data. Data sources were obtained from primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results of this research are that legal regulations related to the control of preventing marine pollution in the Bareleng coastal area have not been effective and have not been running well because of Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands and Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Protection and Environmental Management applies administrative sanctions to business actors. The obstacle to controlling marine pollution prevention in the Barelang Coastal area is the behavior of people who still throw rubbish carelessly. Even though this is very clearly stated in Batam City Regional Regulation number 11 of 2013 article 64, there are no administrative sanctions applied to individuals or local communities. Solution Carrying out targeted and sustainable environmental education and awareness campaigns. Build cooperation with NGOs and environmental organizations to increase public awareness and revise or update inadequate environmental regulations to ensure the effectiveness of controlling marine pollution.

Legal Aspect of Copyright Transfer by Early Childhood

Valuable possessions or inheritances are objects that can be inherited, inheritance in this case is not only about tangible objects such as land, houses, jewelry, and so on, but works of art are also the inheritance rights of the creator that can be inherited. to his family. This article applies normative juridical research methods to analyze the copyright transfer process and identify its implications for Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Research highlights that while copyright is transferable, such actions can violate positive legal provisions. As a result, this study offers a new perspective on the conflict between copyright transfer and existing legal norms, providing a basis for a rethink of relevant regulations. The implications of these findings could impact on further understanding of the relationship between copyright, inheritance, and legal protection of minors.

Penjatuhan Pidana Mati Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19

Introduction: : Amid the conditions or circumstances of the outbreak of the corona virus disease covid 2019 (covid-19) in Indonesia, it turns out that there are still crimes of corruption committed during this pandemic. Acts of corruption that no longer look at the condition of the country in a state of health emergency. In the provisions of Article 2 paragraph (2) of the corruption law it is stated that in cases of corruption committed under certain circumstances, death penalty can be imposed so that the issue raised for analysis is whether the condition of the Covid-19 pandemic can be used as an excuse for certain circumstances according to law corruption.
 Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to analyze and discuss the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic which can be used as reasons for certain circumstances according to the corruption law. death can be applied in criminal acts of corruption during the Covid-19 pandemic.
 Methods of the Research: The research used in this paper is juridical-normative, namely identifying legal issues that develop in society, studying law applications in society, or studying positive legal provisions and legal principles and doctrines to clarify research results.
 Results of the Research: In the midst of the conditions or circumstances of the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus in Indonesia, it turns out that there are still crimes of corruption committed during this pandemic. Acts of corruption that no longer look at the condition or state of the country in non-natural disaster situations. Several corruption cases that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic are raised in this paper. Ironically, corruption can occur in social assistance funds intended for handling Covid-19, which was carried out by former social minister Juliari Batubara with a total corruption fund of 32 billion rupiah and was sentenced to 12 years in prison by the Jakarta Corruption Court.

Kewenangan Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan dalam Melakukan Diversi Pra Ajudikasi (Studi pada Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas II Ambon)

The criminalization of children who commit criminal offenses requires a community research report from the Correctional Center, which in this case is made by the Community Supervisor as regulated in the provisions of article 1 number 13 of Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning SPPA. One of the cases handled by the Community Supervisor is a case of persecution, based on police report Number B/113VII/1019/Reskrim. The client underwent an examination process at the Ambon Island and Lease Islands police station for allegedly committing the crime of persecution as referred to in Article 170 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP). The purpose of this research is to ask for consideration or advice from the Community Supervisor after the criminal offense is reported and the Community Supervisor is also not involved in the diversion process at the investigation stage. This Research uses normative legal research methods and will be studied based on positive legal provisions, as well as legal principles. and using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. This research uses normative legal research methods and will be studied based on positive legal provisions, as well as legal principles. and using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.The result and discussion shows that the authority to determine Diversion is given to law enforcement officials handling children's cases,Community Research from the Investigator as stipulated in Article 28 of Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning SPPA. After the Community Supervisor conducts the research, the results of the community research will be given to the Investigator. If the Investigators do not ask for consideration or advice from the Community Supervisor in the attempted diversion process, it can be said that the diversion process at the investigation stage is null and void.

Punishment Against Abuse of Circumstances as The Basis for Determining Workers' Wages

Theoretical framework: This complex legal scenario provides a fertile ground for the application of various theoretical frameworks, shedding light on the intricate interplay of legal systems, policymaking, and the socio-economic implications of non-payment of minimum wages. Purpose: This research aims to know the regulation regarding Wages in current laws and regulations related to Manpower in Indonesia and the criminal mechanism for Employers who abuse the condition of Workers by providing wages below the minimum standard. Design/methodology/approach: This type of legal research is a type of normative legal research that aims to examine positive legal provisions, in this case, criminal law as a source of law. In legal research, there are several approaches. With this approach, researchers will get information from several aspects regarding the issue being tried to find answers. The approaches used in legal research are statutory, case approach, historical approach, comparative approach, and conceptual approach. Findings: In essence, the remuneration given to workers must meet the standards of Decent Living Needs, considering that a person is working to maintain and improve the quality of his life and that of his family. The application of criminal sanctions for violations of the Minimum Wage provisions as stipulated in the laws and regulations above really makes Entrepreneurs have to recalculate the business they are running. Research, Practical & Social Implications: This legal landscape underscores the need for ongoing research to analyze and address inconsistencies between laws governing minimum wage and their practical implications. The legal complexities and disputes highlight the challenges faced by both employers and workers in complying with minimum wage regulations. Ensuring that workers receive at least the minimum wage is crucial for their well-being and dignity. The existence of criminal sanctions sends a strong message about the importance of fair compensation. Originality/value: This legal context presents a unique and valuable perspective on the challenges surrounding minimum wage regulations, their amendments, and enforcement. This analysis holds relevance not only for legal scholars but also for policymakers, employers, and worker advocacy groups seeking to enhance labor law effectiveness and worker protection.

Prinsip Kesamaan Hak Dalam Penguasaan Dan Pemanfaatan Hak Atas Tanah (Studi Kasus Penguasaan Hak Atas Tanah Perkebunan Di Propinsi Jambi)

The principles of equality of control rights and utilization of land rights, to become plantations which are a source of prosperity for all Indonesian people. to obtain a right to land which gives a mandate to the state to maintain a balance with the authority given to the state in the administration, regulation, management and supervision for the purpose of maximizing the prosperity of the people, thereby ensuring the certainty of fair business opportunities for large business actors, medium and small as well as community use of land for plantations by preventing monopolistic practices.This research has a normative legal nature in the form of written positive legal provisions that are applied to legal events in concreto in society, so that in the research there is always a combination of two stages of study. The first stage, the normative approach (library research) is an approach carried out based on primary legal materials or using secondary data including principles, rules, norms and legal rules contained in laws and other regulations. The second stage is the application of in concreto events in order to achieve the predetermined goals. Obtaining data through secondary data in the form of legal and primary materials through interview techniques is carried out directly by conducting structured in-depth interviews.

Urgensi Penetapan Air Defense Identification Zone Pada Kawasan Regional

Introduction: Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) is a zone for identification purposes in the air defense system for a country, which according to international custom generally extends from the territorial area of a country to reach the air space above the free sea bordering the country.Purposes of the Research: to find out the setting of the Air Defense Identification Zone and what is the urgency of establishing the Air Defense Identification Zone in the regional area. The method used in writing this thesis is a normative research method. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.Methods of the Research: This legal research, the author uses normative research. That is, a study that primarily examines positive legal provisions, legal principles, and legal doctrines to answer legal questions faced. Results of the Research: The results obtained are that the regulation of the Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) according to international law is, based on the provisions of the 1944 Chicago Convention, customary international law and also Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, furthermore with the stipulation of ADIZ in a regional area can be considered a defensive step. to provide advance notice of potential threats and efforts to improve flight safety in the region and provide benefits to national and international aviation safety.

HAK MEMILIH TNI DAN POLRI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA

Members of the TNI and POLRI as part of Indonesian citizens should have human rights, especially the political right to vote in elections. However, in reality, the right to vote for these two agencies is limited by the provisions in force in the legislation. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the provisions on the right to vote for members of the TNI and POLRI from a positive law and human rights perspective. This research uses normative juridical methods such as a conceptual approach, a state approach, a historical approach and an analytical approach. Based on the research results, there is a decline in democracy looking at the history of elections in 3 periods, namely the old order, the new order and the reform era. Apart from that, there is a lack of synchronization between positive legal provisions and each other which regulate human rights and political rights of Indonesian citizens

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana yang Diancam dengan Pasal 112 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika

A more crucial problem which is also the main topic of discussion in this research is the provisions of other articles whose impact may be to close the opportunity for medical rehabilitation for narcotics addicts and abusers, namely the provisions in Article 112 paragraph (1) of Law no. 35 of 2009. Example of the case of Central Jakarta District Court Decision Number 51/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Jkt.Pst, related to Article 112 paragraph (1). The research method used is the normative juridical method, namely research that prioritizes library data, namely research on secondary data. This secondary data can be in the form of primary, secondary or tertiary legal materials. This research includes research regarding the positive legal provisions in force in Indonesia relating to criminal liability for perpetrators of criminal acts which are threatened with Article 112 paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. Based on the research results, the author concludes that the rationale for the establishment of Article 112 paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, is not a denial of the principle of legality) in principle it is to realize justice for the defendant and the community. And if there is a conflict between justice and law enforcement, then the sense of justice must take priority. Meanwhile, the problems that arise from Article 112 paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2009 include: a) It can criminalize drug addicts and abusers who should be given the right to rehabilitation. What is meant here is the vulnerability of this article being used to criminalize people who are not actually involved in criminal acts but whose cases are fabricated as if they were carrying or controlling narcotics.

Penyelesaian Sengketa Penggunaan Nama Ormas yang Sama Melalui Pendekatan Yuridis

Community organizations are a means to channel opinions and thoughts for community members, and have a very important role in increasing active community participation in order to realize a life of society, nation, and state that is relevant to a society that is, devout, intelligent, just and prosperous. In the form of today's community order that is no longer "strict" in the pattern of hierarchical relations, among others, by strengthening the autonomy of government management, strengthening community independence. In practice in the field, there is the same name of the CSO, namely (Forkabi) whose dispute is resolved by the Jakarta PTUN Number: 168 / G / 2021 / PTUN. JKT. The research method used is the normative juridical method, which is research that prioritizes literature data, namely research on secondary data. The secondary data can be primary, secondary or tertiary legal material. This research includes research on positive legal provisions in force in Indonesia relating to dispute resolution using the same community organization name. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that the dispute resolution mechanism for using the same name of CSOs is through the Court, in this case the State Administrative Court which is authorized to resolve disputes over the use of the name of the legal entity of the association where there are similarities in essence between one association and another, to ascertain whether there are similarities in the name of one association with the name of another association. What is meant by "similarity in essence" is the similarity caused by the presence of dominant elements between one Brand and another Brand so as to give the impression of similarity, both regarding the form, way of placement, way of writing or combination between elements, as well as the similarity of speech sounds, contained in the Brand.

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak yang Sedang Menjalani Proses Pembinaan di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak

Children who grow up in an environment that contains educated, polite, friendly people tend to follow people around them because what is seen is the manners carried out by adults. If the child grows up in an environment that contains uneducated people or even surrounded by perpetrators of crime, then the child will be more likely to behave violently and not hesitate to commit crimes or violence. The research method that the author uses is the normative juridical method, which is research that prioritizes literature data, namely research on secondary data. The secondary data can be primary, secondary or tertiary legal material. This research includes research on positive legal provisions in force in Indonesia relating to legal protection of children who are undergoing the formation process at the Special Child Development Institute (LPKA). Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that the form of legal protection for children who undergo the formation process at the Special Child Development Institute is the right to worship in accordance with their respective religions and beliefs, the right to get care both physical and spiritual care, the right to education and teaching, the right to get proper health and food services, the right to complain, the right to get reading materials and to follow broadcasts Other mass media that are not prohibited, entitled to visits by family, legal counsel, or certain other persons, are entitled to reduced criminal terms (remission), parole (assimilation), leave (leave to visit family and leave before release.

Penerapan Rehabilitasi terhadap Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika dalam Perspektif Teori Rehabilitasi


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics (Narcotics Law), drug users can be divided into Abusers, Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse. Drug abusers are people who use drugs without rights or against the law. But if the person is a drug addict, he is a person who uses and abuses drugs dependently both physically and psychologically. Where drug abusers and addicts have an element of intentionality in their actions. This is of course different from the qualifications of people who are victims of drug abuse. The Supreme Court based on the provisions of Article 103 of the Narcotics Law took steps to build a paradigm to stop criminalization for drug addicts by issuing a Supreme Court Decree (SEMA) Number 4 of 2010 concerning the Determination of Abusers, and Drug Addicts into Medical Rehabilitation and Social Rehabilitation Institutions. The author provides an example of a case of a victim of drug abuse whose case has been decided by PN Klaten with its decision Number 8 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN.Kln. The research method used is the normative juridical method, which is research that prioritizes literature data, namely research on secondary data. The secondary data can be primary, secondary or tertiary legal material. This research includes research on positive legal provisions in force in Indonesia relating to the application of rehabilitation to victims of drug abuse. Based on the results of the study, the author concluded that the application of rehabilitation for victims of drug abuse was carried out by an integrated assessment team with the aim of saving victims of drug abuse, if someone is an addict. Or the victim caught can determine whether to be put in prison or rehabilitated. Addicts and victims of drug abuse are "sick people" who are obliged to undergo treatment by placing them in social rehabilitation institutions. This is based on the consideration that most drug offenders are victims of drug abuse. Understanding the reorientation of handling addicts and victims of drug abuse, which formulates that drug users who are in the legal process and proven to be pure users are no longer led to bars, but rehabilitated, so that both the Police and the Prosecutor's Office still apply legal processes and naan ids for every abuser caught consuming narcotics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Penerapan Sistem Kamar di Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Profesionalisme dan Kualitas Putusan para Hakim Agung

At the end of December 2016, the Supreme Court (MA) issued Circular Letter (SEMA) No. 4 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of the Formulation of the Results of the 2016 Supreme Court Chamber Plenary Meeting as a Guideline for the Implementation of Duties for the Court. The agreement on the results of the formulation of new plenary legal rules of this chamber has been held every year since 2012, especially judicial technical discussions in handling cases in each chamber of the Supreme Court. So, this Chamber System is based on the specialization of the field of law mastered by each Supreme Court justice. That way, Supreme Court justices can only handle cases according to their expertise. Since the introduction of the chamber system to the Supreme Court, each chamber periodically holds chamber plenary meetings. The plenary meeting of the chamber serves as a forum for the Supreme Court justices to discuss the resolution of legal issues that have not been shared among the Supreme Court justices. The research method used is the normative juridical method, namely research that prioritizes literature data, namely research on secondary data. The secondary data can be primary, secondary or tertiary legal material. This research includes research on positive legal provisions in force in Indonesia relating to the implementation of the chamber system in the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia in order to improve the professionalism and quality of decisions of the Supreme Court justices. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that the quality of Supreme Court decisions after the implementation of the Chamber System, meaning that the application of the chamber system is regulated by a management to try a case based on the field of case, then the method is tried by a council of judges who have the same field of expertise (one field), both with the case to be tried and in the same field with other members of the magistrate. Thus, the chamber system is a system in which Supreme Court justices with similar expertise (similar competence) are gathered group by group.

Penguasaan Dan Kepemilikan Hak Atas Tanah Menurut Hukum Adat Larvul Ngabal

Customary law develops following the development of society and existing folk traditions. Customary law is a deposit of decency in a society whose truth is recognized in that society. Purposes of the research: 1. To find out and analyze how land rights are regulated based on Larvul Ngabal Customary Law. 2. To find out and analyze the obstacles to enforcing Larvul Ngabal customary law. Methods of the research: Normative Juridical Law is used as a type in this study. This type of research in a normative juridical manner conducts studies originating from legal materials, doctrines, principles, legal principles, as well as positive legal provisions that aim to answer the legal issues being studied. Another name for normative research is doctrinal legal research which is commonly called library research because the purpose of this research is written regulations or other legal materials. The results of the study show that the contents of the Larvul Ngabal Law do not specifically regulate the regulation of land rights, control and ownership of land parcels by the Kei indigenous people, which are regulated by each Orong Kai (Head of Ohoi) and Head of Marga based on the regulations in force within the indigenous peoples. . The regulations for each Ohoi regarding land tenure and ownership existed long before the Larvul Ngbal Law existed. Obstacles in upholding larvul Ngabal customary law, namely with the development of the era the habits and understanding of indigenous peoples faded, making it difficult for customary functionaries to apply customary law, apart from that, there was no support from the local government in this matter to form a regional regulation that supports the implementation of the law. customs related to land rights.