Positive Intraoperative Cultures Research Articles

Prevalence and Impact of Unexpected Positive Intraoperative Cultures in Total Hip or Knee Revision Surgery

BackgroundOur aim was to evaluate the prevalence and impact of unexpected positive intraoperative cultures (UPICs) on the outcome of presumed aseptic total knee and hip revision surgery. MethodsData regarding patients who underwent elective total hip or knee revision surgery from January 2003 to July 2017 due to preoperatively presumed aseptic reasons was retrospectively reviewed. Partial revisions and patients who had follow-ups below 60 months were excluded from the study. In all surgeries, at least three intraoperative samples were taken for microbial culture. Failure was defined as the need for re-revision due to any cause at 5 years and/or the need for antibiotic suppressive therapy. Overall, 123 total hip and 431 total knee revisions were eligible for the study. All cases had at least a 5 year follow-up. ResultsThere were 420 cases (75.8%) that had all cultures negative, 108 (19.5%) had a single UPIC, and 26 (4.7%) had either ≥ 2 UPICs for the same microorganism or 1 UPIC for a virulent microorganism. This latter group was not associated with a significantly higher failure rate (2 of 26, 7.7%) compared to those in the aseptic group (54 of 528, 10.2%). Revisions performed within the first 24 months after primary implantation had a higher 5-year re-revision rate (19.3 versus 8.4%, P = 0.01), mainly attributable to aseptic causes. ConclusionTotal hip and knee revisions with UPICs were not significantly associated with a higher re-revision risk at 5 years. Those revisions performed within the first 24 months after primary arthroplasty had a higher rate of any-cause failure.

Perioperative Infection Prophylaxis with Vancomycin is a Significant Risk Factor for Deep Surgical Site Infection in Spine Surgery.

Retrospective cohort. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of cefazolin versus vancomycin for perioperative infection prophylaxis. The relative efficacy of cefazolin alternatives for perioperative infection prophylaxis is poorly understood. This study was a single-center multi-surgeon retrospective review of all patients undergoing primary spine surgery from an institutional registry. Postoperative infection was defined by the combination of three criteria: irrigation and debridement within 3 months of the index procedure, clinical suspicion for infection, and positive intraoperative cultures. Microbiology records for all infections were reviewed to assess the infectious organism and organism susceptibilities. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. A total of 10,122 patients met inclusion criteria. The overall incidence of infection was 0.78%, with an incidence of 0.73% in patients who received cefazolin and 2.03% in patients who received vancomycin (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.35-5.91, P-0.004). Use of IV vancomycin (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.35-5.91, P=0.006), BMI (MD 1.56, 95% CI 0.32-2.79, P=0.014), presence of a fusion (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04-2.52, P=0.033), and operative time (MD 42.04, 95% CI 16.88-67.21, P=0.001) were significant risk factors in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only non-cefazolin antibiotics (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.18-5.22, P=0.017) and BMI (MD 1.56, 95% CI 0.32-2.79, P=0.026) remained significant independent risk factors. Neither IV antibiotic regimen nor topical vancomycin significantly impacted Gram type, organism type, or antibiotic resistance (P>0.05). The most common reason for antibiosis with vancomycin was a penicillin allergy (75.0%). Prophylactic antibiosis with IV vancomycin leads to a 2.5-times higher risk of infection compared to IV cefazolin in primary spine surgery. We recommend the routine use of IV cefazolin for infection prophylaxis, and caution against the elective use of alternative regimens like IV vancomycin unless clinically warranted.

Clinical relevance of positive intraoperative bacterial culture in tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs: a retrospective study

BackgroundTibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) belongs to the most frequently used surgical method for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs. Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the possible postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of intraoperative bacterial culture as a tool for the detection of intraoperative bacterial contamination progressing to infection development in canine TPLO. Electronic patient records from dogs who underwent TPLO between January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Intraoperative bacterial culture results, used antimicrobial drugs and presence of SSI were recorded.ResultsNinety-eight dogs were included in the study. SSI rate was 10.2%. All dogs who developed SSI (n = 10) had negative intraoperative bacterial cultures. None of the dogs with positive intraoperative bacterial culture (n = 6) developed SSI. The most cultured bacteria causing SSI was Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 4).ConclusionsIntraoperative bacterial culture in dogs undergoing TPLO is not suitable as a predictor of surgical site infection.

Delayed Infection After Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Case report and literature review. To report the relatively rare complication of delayed infection after cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA). Delayed infection of the M6 device has been a rarely reported complication, with all cases described outside of the United States. The reliability of positive intraoperative cultures remains an ongoing debate. Cases were reviewed, and findings were summarized. A literature review was performed and discussed, with special consideration to current reports of delayed M6 infection, etiology, and utility of intraoperative cultures. We present a case of delayed infection 6 years after primary 1-level CDA with the M6 device. At revision surgery, gross purulence was encountered. Intraoperative cultures finalized with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes. The patient was revised with removal of the M6 and conversion to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. A prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics was followed by an oral course for suppression. At the final follow-up, the patient's preoperative symptoms had resolved. Delayed infection after CDA is a rare complication, with ongoing debate regarding the reliability of positive cultures. We describe an infected M6 and demonstrate the utility of implant removal, conversion to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, and long-term antibiotics as definitive treatment. Level V-case report and literature review.

Development of an evidence-based diagnostic algorithm for infection in patients with transcutaneous osseointegration following amputation.

Introduction: Transcutaneous osseointegration following amputation (TOFA) confers better mobility and quality of life for most patients versus socket prosthesis rehabilitation. Peri-TOFA infection remains the most frequent complication and lacks an evidence-based diagnostic algorithm. This study's objective was to investigate preoperative factors associated with positive intraoperative cultures among patients suspected of having peri-TOFA infection in order to create an evidence-based diagnostic algorithm. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 83 surgeries (70 patients) performed to manage suspected lower-extremity peri-TOFA infection at a specialty orthopedic practice and tertiary referral hospital in a major urban center. The diagnosis of infection was defined as positive intraoperative cultures. Preoperative patient history (fevers, subjective pain, increased drainage), physician examination findings (local cellulitis, purulent discharge, implant looseness), and laboratory data (white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and external swab culture) were evaluated for association with subsequent positive intraoperative cultures using regression and area under receiver-operator curve (AUC) modeling. Results: Peri-implant limb pain (highly correlated with infection), ESR (highly correlated against infection), positive preoperative swab (moderately correlated with infection), gross implant motion (moderately correlated against infection), and erythema or cellulitis of the transcutaneous region (mildly correlated with infection) were variables included in the best AUC model, which achieved an 85 % positive predictive value. Other clinical findings and laboratory values (notably CRP and WBC) were non-predictive of infection. Conclusions: This seminal investigation to develop a preoperative diagnostic algorithm for peri-TOFA infection suggests that the clinical examination remains paramount. Further evaluation of a wider spectrum of clinical, laboratory, and imaging data, consistently and routinely collected with prospective data techniques in larger cohorts of patients, is necessary to create a robust predictive algorithm.

Synovial Calprotectin is Superior to Synovial Leukocyte Count in Excluding Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infections, a Retrospective Cohort Study

BackgroundSynovial calprotectin is a promising biomarker for diagnosing chronic periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), but its diagnostic value has not been directly compared to synovial leukocyte count and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. This study aimed to: (1) evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy between these markers in patients undergoing revision arthroplasty for chronic PJI or aseptic reasons; and (2) determine the best rule-out and rule-in test for PJI. MethodsSynovial fluid samples from patients undergoing revision arthroplasty in hip and knee joints were collected and analyzed. Patients diagnosed with an acute PJI, patients treated with antibiotics 2 weeks prior to revision surgery, and/or patients who had active inflammatory joint disease were excluded. Periprosthetic joint infections were diagnosed based on the presence of a sinus tract and/or positive intraoperative cultures according to the European Bone and Joint Infection Society microbiological criteria. ResultsA total of 137 patients were included, of whom 19 (14%) were diagnosed with a PJI. Overall, synovial calprotectin had the highest diagnostic accuracy of all studied markers (area under the curve 96%). Synovial calprotectin, with a cutoff of 50 mg/L, had the highest negative predictive value of 100%. However, PMNs (> 80%) combined with a leukocyte count (> 3,000 cells/μL) showed the highest positive predictive value of an infection (positive predictive value17). ConclusionsSynovial calprotectin is the most accurate biomarker for ruling out a chronic PJI, while the combination of synovial leukocyte count and PMN is most reliable for ruling in a chronic PJI.

Host and microbial characteristics associated with recurrent prosthetic joint infections.

Approximately 20% of patients after resection arthroplasty and antibiotic spacer placement for prosthetic joint infection develop repeat infections, requiring an additional antibiotic spacer before definitive reimplantation. The host and bacterial characteristics associated with the development of recurrent infection is poorly understood. A case-control study was conducted for 106 patients with intention to treat by two-stage revision arthroplasty for prosthetic joint infection at a single institution between 2009 and 2020. Infection was defined according to the 2018 Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria. Thirty-nine cases ("recurrent-periprosthetic joint infection[PJI]") received at least two antibiotic spacers before clinical resolution of their infection, and 67 controls ("single-PJI") received a single antibiotic cement spacer before infection-free prosthesis reimplantation. Patient demographics, McPherson host grade, and culture results including antibiotic susceptibilities were compared. Fifty-two (78%) single-PJI and 32 (82%) recurrent-PJI patients had positive intraoperative cultures at the time of their initial spacer procedure. The odds of polymicrobial infections were 11-fold higher among recurrent-PJI patients, and the odds of significant systemic compromise (McPherson host-grade C) were more than double. Recurrent-PJI patients were significantly more likely to harbor Staphylococcus aureus. We found no differences between cases and controls in pathogen resistance to the six most tested antibiotics. Among recurrent-PJI patients, erythromycin-resistant infections were more prevalent at the final than initial spacer, despite no erythromycin exposure. Our findings suggest that McPherson host grade, polymicrobial infection, and S. aureus infection are key indicators of secondary or persistent joint infection following resection arthroplasty and antibiotic spacer placement, while bacterial resistance does not predict infection-related arthroplasty failure.

CORR Insights®: Positive Intraoperative Cultures in Cup Revisions of THA: What Happens to the Stem?

CORR Insights®: Positive Intraoperative Cultures in Cup Revisions of THA: What Happens to the Stem?

Usefulness of intraoperative bile culture in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis with previous biliary events: does the postoperative management change?

The aim of our study wasto determine the usefulness of intraoperative gallbladder cultures in the postoperative course in surgically treated patients with acute calculous cholecystitis and previous biliary events (ACC-PBE). Retrospective unicenter study on surgically treated ACC-patients between January 2014 and December 2018. Clinical benefit was defined as a > 20% change in postoperative antibiotic treatment.Secondary endpoints: postoperative morbidity and length-of-stay (LOS) in ACC-PBE patients with positive intraoperative biliary culture (IBC). Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Out of the initial 711 patients, 203 met the study's inclusion criteria, with 139 of them having IBC results (72 positive, 67 negative). Our analysis revealed no significant difference in the incidence of positive-IBC between patients with ACC-PBE. Among this group, only 6% changed postoperative antibiotic treatment based on IBC results. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative complications (p: 0.21) or LOS (p: 0.23) in the ACC-PBE group. In multivariate analysis, age > 70years old (p: 0.00; HR 3.1, 95% IC [1.6-6.4]), prior ERCP (p: 0.02; HR 5.9, 95% IC [1.25-27.5]) and prior antibiotic treatment (p: 0.01; HR 3.6, 95% IC [1.32-9.86]) were identified as independent factors that influenced PBC. IBC in operated ACC-PBE do not alter postoperative management. While positive-IBC was associated with age, prior ERCP, and prior antibiotic treatment, these findings did not have a significant impact on postoperative morbidity or LOS.

Positive Intraoperative Cultures in Cup Revisions of THA: What Happens to the Stem?

Positive intraoperative cultures (PICs) are encountered in some patients undergoing revision of the acetabular cup after a previous THA. It is unknown whether PIC of the cup indicates whether the stem is infected as well and what happens to the stem during follow-up. (1) What proportion of patients undergoing THA who undergo cup revision have PICs? (2) What is the survival of the stem during follow-up in cup revisions with PICs versus that of those with negative cultures? (3) Does antibiotic treatment of PIC of the cup prevent revision THA during follow-up? In this retrospective, comparative multicenter study, five surgeons at four centers performed 338 acetabular cup revisions between January 2015 and December 2017. After evaluating the data, we excluded one patient because of an incomplete dataset and 77 patients because fewer than three intraoperative cultures were obtained during surgery, leaving 260 patients for analysis. Follow-up was 2 years. Patients were stratified into three cohorts: no PIC, one PIC, and two or more PICs. The proportion of patients with one or more PIC was 15% (39 of 260). A total of 8% (21 of 260) had one and 7% (18 of 260) had two or more PICs. Stem survival was lower in patients with two or more PICs, but stem revision for periprosthetic joint infection was similar between groups. Two-year survival, which was defined as freedom from revision for any cause or infection, was 97% (95% confidence interval 95% to 99%) in the group without PICs, 100% (95% CI 95% to 100%) in the group with one PIC, and 86% (95% CI 68% to 100%; p = 0.08) in the group with two or more PICs. None of the patients in the no PIC and one PIC groups were treated with antibiotics. In the two or more PICs cohort, 12 of 18 patients were treated. The stem survived in one of 12 patients treated with antibiotics versus two of six patients who were not treated with antibiotics. When treated with antibiotics, more than two PICs isolated during cup revision surgery do not have a major impact on survival of the stem during follow-up. A larger cohort of patients with PICs during cup revision might confirm these findings. Level III, therapeutic study.

Analysis of safety and factors influencing the surgical efficacy of benign biliary stenosis treated with autologous gastric flap repair with the vascular tip

Objective: To investigate the complication rate and risk factors associated with using autologous gastric flap tissue with a vascular tip to treat benign biliary strictures. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 92 patients with benign biliary stenosis who applied autologous gastric flap tissue to repair the stenosis at the PLA General Hospital from January 2006 to May 2022. Among them, there were 40 males and 52 females, aged from 25 to 79 (50.5±12.9) years. The perioperative clinical data of the patients were recorded(Body Mass Index、preoperative platelets et.), and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing postoperative complications. Long-term follow-up was conducted to evaluate the long-term efficacy of autologous gastric flap tissue with vascular tissues for benign biliary stenosis surgery. Results: The incidence of recent postoperative complications in patients was 26.1%, and univariate analysis showed that preoperative bile-intestinal anastomosis, positive intraoperative bile bacterial culture, low preoperative hemoglobin, and low preoperative platelet count were significantly associated with the occurrence of postoperative complications after biliary stenosis repair with a vascularized gastric flap (P<0.05). Multifactorial analysis showed that low preoperative platelets (OR=0.990, 95%CI: 0.982-0.998, P=0.015), low preoperative hemoglobin (OR=4.953, 95%CI: 1.405-15.010, P=0.012) and positive intraoperative bile bacterial culture (OR=19.338, 95%CI: 3.618-103.360, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for the development of postoperative complications. The excellent long-term follow-up rate of patients was 92.0%. Conclusions: The procedure of repairing benign biliary stenosis with a vascularized gastric flap preserves the function of the sphincter of Oddi and reconstructs the normal physiological passage of the bile duct. This procedure is safe and feasible and provides a reliable option for the surgical treatment of bile duct injury and bile duct stenosis.

Diagnosis of occult infection using Fracture Related Infection criteria at the time of nonunion repair.

To apply the recently developed Fracture-Related Infection criteria to patients presenting for repair of fracture nonunion and determine the incidence and associated organisms of occult infection in these patients. Retrospective. Tertiary referral trauma center. Patients presenting with fracture nonunion after operative intervention. Demographic variables, injury characteristics, culture results, and physical exam and laboratory values at time presentation. A total of 270 nonunion patients were identified. Sixty-eight percent (n=184) had no clinical or laboratory signs of infection at presentation, prior to nonunion repair. Following operative intervention, 7% (n=12/184) of these clinically negative patients had positive intraoperative cultures indicating occult infection. The most common organisms causing occult infection were low virulence Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (83%) and Cutibacterium acnes (17%). Thirty-two percent (n=86/270) of patients presented with clinical and/or laboratory signs of infection at presentation prior to nonunion repair, with 19% (n=16/86) of these patients having negative cultures. The most common organisms in this group of patients with positive clinical signs and intra-operative cultures were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (21%) and gram-negative rods (29%). Patients with nonunion of the tibia were significantly more likely to have high virulence organism culture results (p<0.001) . Based on this analysis, occult infection occurs in 7% of patients presenting with nonunion and no clinical or laboratory signs of infection. We recommend that all patients should be carefully evaluated for infection with intraoperative cultures regardless of presentation. Organisms associated with occult infection at the time of nonunion repair were almost exclusively of low virulence (CoNS and C. Acnes) and were more likely to present in the upper extremity. Patients with nonunion of the tibia were more likely to have infection secondary to high virulence organisms and demonstrate clinical or laboratory signs of infection at the time of presentation.

The Use of Intraoperative Cell Salvage in Two-Stage Revision of Septic Hip Arthroplasties: A Double-Center Retrospective Study

(1) Background: intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) devices can provide a valuable contribution to patient blood management. An infection of the surgical site presents a formal contraindication to the use of ICS. To date, there is no recommendation for the use of ICS in the context of reimplantation in two-stage septic exchange arthroplasty. (2) Methods: at two hospitals of maximum endoprosthetic care, a retrospective evaluation of patients who had received ICS blood during reimplantation of hip arthroplasties was performed. Patients’ and surgical characteristics, intraoperative cultures, and the occurrence of septic complications in the short- and long-term follow-up were recorded. (3) Results: 144 patients were included. Detection of positive cultures during reimplantation occurred in 13 cases. A total of 127 patients showed no complication, 8 patients showed a non-specific septic complication, 6 patients a local persistence of infection, and 3 patients a possible bloodstream-associated infection. No significant correlation was found between the occurrence of complications and the detection of positive intraoperative cultures. (4) Conclusions: no clustering of septic complications due to the use of ICS during reimplantation was found. In the risk-benefit analysis, we considered the use of ICS during reimplantation to be indicated in terms of patient blood management, while the safety of the procedure during septic first-stage resection arthroplasty or septic one-stage exchange arthroplasty was not investigated. Given the paucity of comparative literature, further studies are needed on ideal patient blood management in the setting of septic revision arthroplasty.

Primary Aortic Endograft Infections Have Worse Outcomes Compared to Infections Involving Aortic Surgical Grafts or Primary Mycotic Aortic Infections

Aortic infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality, but the outcomes of prosthetic (surgical or endovascular) grafts compared to primary aortic infections are poorly defined. This large single-center retrospective study aims to compare the outcomes of primary and prosthetic aortic graft infections. Patients diagnosed with primary or infected aortic grafts between January 2000 and December 2022 were included. Patients were group based on the infection type (primary, surgical graft and endograft). Baseline demographics, symptoms, imaging, interventions, and outcomes were evaluated. Primary outcomes included overall and reintervention-free survival. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards analysis were performed. A total of 145 patients presented during the study period with infections of the native aorta (34.5%) and aortic graft (65.5%). Baseline characteristics and treatments are summarized in the Table. In-hospital mortality (36.7% vs 15.4% vs 10%; P = .01) and 30-day complication rates (67% vs 40% vs 38%; P = .03) were highest among endografts, followed by surgical grafts, and lowest among primary infections respectively. Primary aortic infections had the highest 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year survival on Kaplan-Meier analysis compared to surgical and endograft infections (Figure). Reintervention-free survival was also highest in primary infections at 1 and 5 years (log-rank P < .001), while no difference was found at 30 days. On multivariate analysis, infected surgical grafts and endografts were associated with a significantly higher 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 9.18; P = .015 and HR 7.58; P = .02, respectively). Visceral artery involvement or isolated groin infections did not influence mortality at any timepoint nor did treatment type (in situ repair vs extra-anatomical vs endovascular), while gram-positive tissue cultures were associated with higher 30-day and 1-year mortality (HR, 17.6; P = .01 and HR 4.14; P = .004, respectively) when compared to patients who had no growth on tissue cultures. There was no difference in the duration of intravenous antibiotic treatment between groups (42 vs 45 vs 44 days; P = .84). Infected aortic endografts have lower short and long-term survival independent of treatment type as well as a lower rate of long-term intervention-free survival when compared to surgical graft and primary aortic infections. Gram positive intraoperative cultures were associated with increased mortality. Predictors of endograft infection need to be determined to minimize complications and careful consideration is necessary before employing endovascular interventions if there is concern an underlying mycotic process.TableBaseline demographics, presenting symptoms, and treatmentsPrimary infections, n = 50 (34.5%)Surgical grafts, n = 65 (44.8%)Endografts, n = 30 (20.7%)P valuePrior aortic pathology Aneurysmal disease26 (40%)27 (90%)<.001 Occlusive disease8 (12%)1 (3%) Other (dissection)5 (8%)1 (3%) Unknown26 (40%)1 (3%)Visceral involvement8 (16.3%)5 (7.8%)3 (9.7).35Infected graft location Groin4 (6.3%)0 (0%).01 Abdomen38 (59.4%)28 (93.4%) Abdomen + groin15 (23.4%)1 (3.3%) Chest7 (10.9%)1 (3.3%)Age, mean (SD)64.9 (9.1)67.8 (10.9)73.1 (10.5).003Gender Male34 (68%)42 (65%)26 (87%).078 Female16 (32%)23 (35%)4 (13%)Race Non-Hispanic White44 (88%)61 (94%)24 (80%).059 Black5 (10%)1 (2%)2 (7%) Other1 (2%)3 (5%)4 (13%)History of peripheral artery disease2 (4%)31 (48%)9 (30%)<.001Diabetes15 (30%)9 (14%)3 (10%).046End-stage renal disease4 (8%)1 (2%)3 (10%).13Hypertension36 (72%)48 (74%)19 (63%).56Coronary artery disease15 (30%)19 (29%)16 (53%).060Recent infection (3 weeks)24 (48%)15 (23%)6 (20%).007Recent surgery (3 weeks)1 (2%)8 (12%)3 (10%).11Antibiotics on presentation2 (4%)17 (26%)9 (30%).001Abdominal pain30 (60%)21 (32%)11 (37%).010Back pain26 (52%)6 (9%)10 (33%)<.001Groin symptoms0 (0%)15 (23%)2 (7%)<.001Fever2 (4%)8 (12%)10 (33%).002Rupture on computed tomography26 (53%)3 (6%)3 (11%)<.001Surgical/tissue culture results Fungal0 (0%)2 (5%)1 (4%).015 Gram negative4 (13%)9 (21%)1 (4%) Gram positive10 (32%)7 (17%)9 (36%) Mixed0 (0%)7 (17%)6 (24%) No growth17 (55%)17 (40%)8 (32%)Blood culture results Fungal0 (0%)1 (2%)0 (0%).017 Gram negative4 (9%)2 (4%)2 (7%) Gram positive15 (34%)5 (9%)6 (22%) No growth25 (57%)47 (85%)19 (70%)Antibiotics given21 (42%)64 (98%)30 (100%)<.001Antibiotic duration, median (IQR), days42 (9, 96)45 (30, 61)44 (29, 52).84Intraoperative purulence noted0 (0%)27 (55%)25 (100%)<.00130-day complications19 (38%)26 (40%)20 (67%).02830-Day readmission12 (27%)11 (19%)3 (11%).29Treatment Open in situ repair18 (36%)13 (20%)7 (23%).007 Extra-anatomical bypass15 (30%)31 (48%)16 (53%) Endovascular16 (32%)8 (13%)1 (3%) Medical0 (0%)5 (8%)3 (10%) Palliative0 (0%)2 (3%)1 (3%) Other (debridement)1 (2%)5 (8%)2 (8%)Recurrent infections3 (33.3%)6 (27.3%)1 (14.3%).6830-Day survival44 (89.8%)52 (89%)21 (66.7%).041-Year survival35 (73.3%)41 (69.1%)10 (36.7%)<.0015-Year survival20 (58.8%)22 (42.8%)10 (36.7%).0230-Day reintervention-free survival41 (83.7%)45 (61.4%)19 (62.7%).121-Year reintervention-free survival31 (65.1%)31 (52.3%)5 (20.7%)<.0015-Year reintervention-free survival16 (48.3%)15 (27.1%)2 (16.5%)<.001 Open table in a new tab

Cutibacterium positive cultures in total joint arthroplasty: a comparison of the hip, knee, and shoulder.

Cutibacterium spp. (formerly Propionibacterium) is a slow growing, Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria and is an emerging clinical entity in prosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study compares the presentation, surgical management, and post-operative antibiotic therapy of patients with positive intraoperative cultures during revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA) of the hip, knee, and shoulder. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients from 2014 to 2020 of 57 revision TJAs (27 total hip arthroplasty (THA), 17 total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), and 13 total knee arthroplasty (TKA)) with intraoperative cultures positive for Cutibacterium at a tertiary academic centre. Patient demographics, pre-operative labs, radiographs, and aspirate results were collected. Intraoperative data was reviewed. Post-operative antibiotic therapy and repeat infections were recorded. Data was compared with univariate analyses. There was no significant difference in pre-operative lab values between the cohorts. All cohorts had >58% radiographic lucency. Revision TSA patients had significantly fewer pre-operative aspirates. Six patients undergoing revision THA, three TKA and one TSA had a repeat infection requiring further surgery. Four in the THA cohort and one in the TKA cohort with repeat infections did not receive prolonged antibiotic therapy. Cutibacterium is an infectious agent that can present in an indolent fashion after TJA. It commonly causes progressive radiographic lucency. The workup and post-operative management differs in the hip, knee, and shoulder, which is likely due to existing literature guiding physician practice. In all joints, Cutibacterium is a virulent pathogen that can cause repeat infections requiring surgical treatment.

PD34-11 ONE WEEK PREOPERATIVE ORAL ANTIBIOTICS FOR PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY REDUCE RISK OF INFECTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD34-11 ONE WEEK PREOPERATIVE ORAL ANTIBIOTICS FOR PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY REDUCE RISK OF INFECTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS Alexandre Danilovic, Thalita Talizin, Fabio Torricelli, Giovanni Marchini, Carlos Batagello, Fabio Vicentini, William Nahas, and Eduardo Mazzucchi Alexandre DanilovicAlexandre Danilovic More articles by this author , Thalita TalizinThalita Talizin More articles by this author , Fabio TorricelliFabio Torricelli More articles by this author , Giovanni MarchiniGiovanni Marchini More articles by this author , Carlos BatagelloCarlos Batagello More articles by this author , Fabio VicentiniFabio Vicentini More articles by this author , William NahasWilliam Nahas More articles by this author , and Eduardo MazzucchiEduardo Mazzucchi More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003327.11AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Approximately 0.5% of the patients develop postoperative sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The aim of this study is to perform a high quality meta-analysis using only prospective studies to define the role of preoperative antibiotics in patients undergoing PCNL. METHODS: This review was conducted according to PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) statement. We selected prospective studies and randomized controlled trials that compared extended to short dose preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing PCNL. A search for "percutaneous nephrolithotomy" and "antibiotic" was performed on EMBASE, PubMed and Web Of Science platforms, resulting in 1362 publications. The PICO (population, intervention, control and outcome) was: Population - adult patients that underwent to PCNL; Intervention - extended dose preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis before PCNL; Control - short dose preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis before PCNL; and Outcome: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis, fever after PCNL and positive intraoperative urine culture and stone culture. The meta-analysis protocol was registered on PROSPERO database (CRD42022359589). Alpha risk was defined as <0.05. RESULTS: The final selection was five articles with a total of 475 patients studied. Forest plots (figure 1) evidenced that using antibiotics for 7 days in preoperative period of PCNL was a protective factor for developing SIRS/sepsis (OR 0.366, 95% CI 0.234-0.527, p<0.001). There was no statistical association between seven-day use of antibiotics and fever (OR 0.592, 95% CI 0.147–2.388, p=0.462). Patients who received intervention had lower positive intraoperative urine culture (OR 0.284, 95% CI 0.120–0.674, p=0.004) and stone culture (OR 0.351, 95% CI 0.185–0.663, p=0.001) than control group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that one week of prophylactic oral antibiotics based on local bacterial sensitivity pattern in patients undergoing PCNL reduces the risk of infection. Source of Funding: None. © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e924 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Alexandre Danilovic More articles by this author Thalita Talizin More articles by this author Fabio Torricelli More articles by this author Giovanni Marchini More articles by this author Carlos Batagello More articles by this author Fabio Vicentini More articles by this author William Nahas More articles by this author Eduardo Mazzucchi More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

One week pre-operative oral antibiotics for percutaneous nephrolithotomy reduce risk of infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of extended dose of preoperative antibiotics to reduce infectious risk in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). A literature search for prospective case-control studies or randomized controlled trials was done. PICO framework was used. adult patients that underwent to PCNL; Intervention: extended dose preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis before PCNL; Control: short dose preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis before PCNL; and Outcome: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis, fever after PCNL and positive intraoperative urine and stone culture. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO database under the number: CRD42022359589. Three RCT and two prospective studies (475 patients) were included. SIRS/sepsis outcome was retrieved from all studies included. Seven days preoperative oral antibiotics for PCNL was a protective factor for developing SIRS/sepsis (OR 0.366, 95% CI 0.234 - 0.527, p < 0.001). There was no statistical association between seven-day use of antibiotics and fever (OR 0.592, 95% CI 0.147 - 2.388, p = 0.462). Patients who received seven days preoperative antibiotics had lower positive intraoperative urine culture (OR 0.284, 95% CI 0.120 - 0.674, p = 0.004) and stone culture (OR 0.351, 95% CI 0.185 - 0.663, p = 0.001) than the control group. one week of prophylactic oral antibiotics based on local bacterial sensitivity pattern plus a dose of intravenous antibiotics at the time of surgery in patients undergoing PCNL reduces the risk of infection.

MP42-14 BIOLOGIC MESH BUTTRESS WITH VERTICAL RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE FLAP TO REESTABLISH PELVIC INTEGRITY DURING CYSTECTOMY FOR ANTERIOR URINARY FISTULA

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP42-14 BIOLOGIC MESH BUTTRESS WITH VERTICAL RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE FLAP TO REESTABLISH PELVIC INTEGRITY DURING CYSTECTOMY FOR ANTERIOR URINARY FISTULA Syed M. Alam, Jordan Stiverson, and Hadley Wyre Syed M. AlamSyed M. Alam More articles by this author , Jordan StiversonJordan Stiverson More articles by this author , and Hadley WyreHadley Wyre More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003280.14AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Post-radiation puboprostatic and pubourethral fistulae are devastating conditions, and surgical intervention remains highly morbid. Here, we describe a novel technique using a mesh buttress and vertical rectus abdominis muscle flap (VRAM) to restore pelvic integrity during cystectomy for anterior urinary fistulae. METHODS: Patients having undergone cystectomy with ileal conduit were identified in a prospectively maintained database. Those having undergone VRAM harvest with placement of a mesh buttress for anterior urinary fistula were selected for analysis. Following supratrigonal cystectomy, all patients underwent a left-sided VRAM harvest. After the bladder plate was fulgurated, a biologic mesh was tailored to the pelvic defect and sutured to the posterior trigone. It was then incorporated circumferentially around the levator muscles and anteriorly to the pubic bone and underside of rectus fascia. Prior to circumferential closure of the underlying space, a VRAM flap was secured in the pelvis. The remainder of the mesh was then secured, creating a tunnel for the flap pedicle. Surgical metrics and post-operative outcomes were evaluated using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Between 2019-2021, eleven patients underwent this technique, of which five carried a diagnosis of post-radiation anterior urinary fistula with pubic osteomyelitis. The median age was 73 years, and all patients were male. Three patients previously underwent radical prostatectomy, all of whom underwent subsequent endoscopic intervention for vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis. One patient underwent transurethral resection of the prostate after radiation. One patient had no prior surgical history. Median operative time was 387 minutes and median blood loss was 500cc. Average length of stay was five days. No patients developed an immediate post-operative complication. All patients had positive intra-operative bone cultures. No patients reported persistent pubic, groin, or thigh pain after surgery. No fistula recurrence occurred at a median follow-up of 264 days. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a mesh buttress in conjunction with pelvic VRAM flap is a novel technique designed to restore pelvic integrity for patients undergoing cystectomy for an anterior urinary fistula. Source of Funding: N/a © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e573 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Syed M. Alam More articles by this author Jordan Stiverson More articles by this author Hadley Wyre More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Inflammatory response in confirmed non-diabetic foot and ankle infections: A case series with normal inflammatory markers.

The distinction between foot and ankle wound healing complications as opposed to infection is crucial for the appropriate and efficacious allocation of antibiotic therapy. Multiple reports have focused on the diagnostic accuracy of different inflammatory markers, however, mainly in the diabetic population. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of white cell count (WCC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as diagnostic tools for this distinction in the non-diabetic cohort. Data was reviewed from a prospectively maintained Infectious Diseases Unit database of 216 patients admitted at Leicester University Hospitals-United Kingdom with musculoskeletal infections over the period between July 2014 and February 2020 (68 mo). All patients with confirmed diagnosis of diabetes were excluded while only those with confirmed microbiological or clinical diagnosis of foot or ankle infection were included in our study. For the included patients, we retrospectively retrieved the inflammatory markers (WCCs and CRP) at the time of presentation. Values of CRP 0-10 mg/L and WCC 4.0-11.0 × 109/L were considered normal. After exclusion of patients with confirmed diabetes, 25 patients with confirmed foot or ankle infections were included. All infections were confirmed microbiologically with positive intra-operative culture results. 7 (28%) patients with osteomyelitis (OM) of the foot, 11 (44%) with OM of the ankle, 5 (20%) with ankle septic arthritis and 2 (8%) patients with post-surgical wound infection were identified. Previous bony surgery was identified in 13 (52%) patients, either a corrective osteotomy or an open reduction and internal fixation for a foot or ankle fracture with the infection developing on top of the existing metalwork. 21 (84%) patients did have raised inflammatory markers while 4 (16%) patients failed to mount an inflammatory response even with subsequent debridement and removal of metal work. CRP sensitivity was 84%, while WCC sensitivity was only 28%. CRP has a relatively good sensitivity in the diagnosis of foot and ankle infections in non-diabetic patients, whereas WCC is a poor inflammatory marker in the detection of such cases. In presence of clinically high level of suspicion of foot or ankle infection, a normal CRP should not rule out the diagnosis of OM.

Surgical Site Infections in Patients of Periampullary Carcinoma Undergoing Delayed Bile Duct Division (COMBILAST) in Whipple's Procedure: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) following a pancreaticoduodenectomy have been a significant cause of morbidity and even mortality. A modified sequence of the Whipple procedure, using the COMBILAST technique, may reduce SSIs and the patient's hospital stay. This prospective cohort study included 42 patients undergoing Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy for a periampullary malignancy. The modified sequence pancreaticoduodenectomy technique, COMBILAST, was used to estimate the incidence of SSI and explore other advantages. Of the 42 patients, seven (16.7%) developed superficial SSIs, and two patients (4.8%) had an additional deep SSI. Positive intraoperative bile culture had the strongest association with SSI (OR: 20.25, 95% CI: 2.12, 193.91). The mean operative duration was 391.28 ± 67.86 min, and the mean blood loss was 705 ± 172 mL. A total of fourteen (33.3%) patients had a Clavien-Dindo grade of III or higher. Three (7.1%) patients died of septicemia. The average length of a hospital stay was 13.00 ± 5.92 days. A modified sequence of the Whipple procedure, using the COMBILAST technique, seems promising in reducing SSIs and the patient's hospital stay. As the approach is only a modification of the operative sequence, it does not compromise the oncological safety of the patient. Moreover, it has an added surgical advantage in reducing the chance of injury to the aberrant or accessory right hepatic artery.