Effects Of Positive Information Research Articles

Are Online-Only Real Estate Marketplaces Viable? Evidence from China.

Online businesses have been surging worldwide during the past decade, especially during the recent COVID-19 epidemic. However, the market share of online real estate transactions is still limited, mainly due to the information-asymmetry problem. In this study, we manually collect data on online judicial housing auctions in China, which is currently the largest online real estate market globally, and investigate how information disclosure facilitates real estate transactions. The empirical results suggest that disclosing better quality information online can attract more potential buyers. In particular, providing more comprehensive information such as professional appraisal reports or videos of the property can help to convert buyers’ initial interests into completed transactions and higher sales proceeds. The positive effects of information are particularly strong when combined with offline services, in a more mature online market, and for low-value properties. We also provide preliminary analysis of factors affecting online-information-disclosure quality from both the macro and micro perspectives. We also provide preliminary analysis of factors affecting online-information-disclosure quality from both the macro and micro perspectives.

Does information and communication technology really affect human development? An empirical analysis

ABSTRACT Positive effect of information and communication technology (ICT) on human development (HD) is not guaranteed simply by the availability of technology; this gap is especially pronounced for developing countries. Using the Capability Approach framework, we collected data from 115 countries for 2019. We tested a sample to determine stable groups of countries and split the dataset into two groups, which homogeneity differs significantly. Finally, we estimated the hypotheses predicting the influence of ICT on HD for both groups using a path modelling technique. Our results confirm the significant positive contribution of ICT on all kinds of conversion factors (CFs), except social ones in developing countries. However, the way to transform capabilities into functionings differs. In developing countries, ICT contributes to HD at the individual level only. For developed countries, ICT contributes more to social CFs and less to personal ones.

Referrals are A Double-Edged Sword: A Relative Theory of Referral Effects

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the internal mechanism by which comprehensive positive referrals in B to B marketing generate multiple effects. Methodology/Approach Author conducted 2 preliminary explorations. Practitioner note 1 analyzed the influence of ERV and IB on referral effect. Practitioner note 2 analyzed the influence of the interaction between them on referral effect. The data came from a questionnaire survey of 112 purchasing staffers from 40 fresh food supermarket chains operating in China. Findings Referrals whose effective referral value (ERV) is lower than a certain level are more likely to produce negative effect, and vice versa. The boundary condition depends on the initial belief (IB) of potential customers on the comprehensive performance level of the referred suppliers. The author calls this mechanism the relative theory of referral effect. Research Implications First, this practitioner note makes a theoretical contribution to the research literature related to WOM and referral effect. This is the first literature to introduce IB into the referral multiple effects analysis framework, and the first to reveal the mechanism of multiple effects from the perspective of the relative level of ERV and IB. Second, this paper contributes to the research on WOM. Rocklage and Fazio (2020) analyzed the mechanism of negative effects of positive emotions in positive WOM (PWOM) due to product categories, but it should be noted that the independent variable was positive emotions rather than the positive information content itself. In this sense, this practitioner note is the first to analyze the negative effects of positive information, which enriches the literature related to WOM. Practical Implications the preliminary findings of this practitioner note have guiding significance for marketing practice. That it is unlikely that the referrer will have a positive impact on high-reputation suppliers. For suppliers with low and medium reputation levels, the referrer is a double-edged sword. Therefore, it is not recommended that high-reputation suppliers implement supplier-selected-referral programs, and low and medium-reputation suppliers should be cautious in selecting referrers, for the referrer may have negative effects. Originality/Value/Contribution The author makes up for this deficiency in the existing research by building a multiple effect analysis framework including ERV and IB, thus promoting the development of research theory related to WOM and referral effects.

Effect of a health claim on consumer acceptance of milk-based dessert containing omega-3

This study was to evaluate the influence of information on the addition of omega-3 and its health benefits in the acceptance of dairy dessert. The hedonic thresholds methodology was applied in two trials: blind and open-label. In the blind trial, no information was provided to consumers regarding the formulation of the flans. In the open-label trial, consumers received the information on the addition of omega-3 and its health benefits. The value of compromised acceptance threshold (CAT) was not influenced by the information on the addition of omega-3 and its health benefits. However, there was a high increase in the value of hedonic rejection threshold (HRT) when the consumers were informed of the benefits of omega-3, and it was possible to increase the addition of the compound in the flans by up to 21.03% without causing product rejection, confirming the positive effect of information on health benefits in accptance.

Social Judgments, Social Media, and Self-Deprecation

Abstract. Two experiments examined how perceivers evaluated target individuals based on minimal information as presented in a typical social media post and whether inferences varied as a function of information source (self vs. other) and valence (positive vs. negative). Across experiments, results indicated that targets were: (a) less likely to be rated with traits consistent with behavior and (b) perceived less favorably when positive behavior information was self-generated than when the same information was other-generated. The inclusion of self-deprecating hashtags reduced the source effect of positive information by reducing perceived arrogance and increasing perceived sense of humor of target individuals. Together, these experiments provide greater understanding of the influence of information source, valence, and self-deprecation on trait and favorability judgments in a social media context.

The effect of broadband on European Union trade: A regional spatial approach

AbstractThe positive effect of information and communication technologies (ICT) on trade between countries has been widely studied in the literature, but how ICT impacts regional trade is limited due to the lack of regional trade data. In this paper, we test whether broadband, as a proxy for ICT, increases bilateral trade at the regional level in Europe. We use a novel regional trade database of European Union regions and estimate an origin–destination flow gravity model for 2007 and 2010, accounting for spatial dependence among trade flows. Our results indicate that broadband is positive and significant in explaining trade patterns between European regions during both time periods.

Does information change attitudes? The case of restoration of indigenous fishery in Dal Lake, Kashmir, India

This paper is an attempt to understand the impact of two sided information on stakeholders related to common use resources. Data were collected from key stakeholder groups on influence of information on attitude towards restoration of indigenous fishery of <em>Schizothorax</em> in Dal Lake. The main objectives of this research were to evaluate what impact a two-sided information on the potential advantages and disadvantages of <em>Schizothorax</em> restoration has, on attitudes towards its restoration and how prior familiarity with the issue abates the effect of information. The results from the study revealed that two-sided information had a positive effect on attitudes towards restoration of <em>Schizothorax</em> fishery at all levels of stakeholders except consumers whose awareness were already high. Further, the positive effect of information seemed much greater for fishers who were unsure and unfamiliar with the issue than those who were familiar. Results also revealed that fishers who are the primary stakeholders of the lake held a very positive attitude towards restoration of <em>Schizothorax</em> fishery in the lake than consumers since they were only concerned with fisheries. Effective communication is very important between the institutions concerned with restoration of <em>Schizothorax</em> fishery and specific stakeholder groups.

Firms’ size and use of information and communication technologies

There are strong arguments about the positive effect of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on companies’ performance. This effect is also extensive for micro and small enterprises (MSEs), which tend to adopt ICTs in lower levels in comparison with large companies. In this context, this paper has two goals: to analyze the effect of firms’ size on (a) the relationship between strategic planning and ICTs use; (b) the relationship between ICTs use and interaction with customers. The sample of the study comprises 171 Brazilian MSEs, and we used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. The main results indicated that even in small companies, size is an important variable to explain the antecedents and consequents of ICTs use. The positive effect of ICTs use was stronger among small companies, reinforcing the relevance of technology for them.

Determinants of Attitudinal Loyalty in Retail Banking

This paper tests a conceptual model by drawing on the relationship marketing theory and the brand attitude literature. Two specific research aims were explored. First, the authors tests the mediating role of brand credibility in the relationships between its antecedents and attitudinal loyalty. Second, the moderating role of satisfaction in the relationships between information sharing, customer orientation and brand credibility were explored. Quantitative data generated from 332 experienced users of banking services in Nigeria formed the final database. The study contributes to brand attitude literature and loyalty theory by demonstrating that over and above the simple significant positive effects of information sharing, customer orientation, and brand credibility on attitudinal loyalty, brand credibility transmits the effects of information sharing and customer orientation onto attitudinal loyalty.

Seller’s Information Sharing Strategy to Counter a Bid from a Rival Supplier: A Study of Negotiations in Two Cultures

The experimental study tests hypotheses regarding the effect of a combination of a buyer’s bargaining advantage and an information-sharing tactic by a seller on outcomes of a price negotiation. The buyer wields another supplier’s bid price (threat). The seller shares private information about its own valuation of potential outcomes. We find a positive effect of information sharing on outcomes—but only when the seller is facing a threat. We replicate the study in China and find no effect of information sharing on negotiated outcomes. However, in both cultures, the effects of information sharing on perceived fairness and seller influence are similar.

사이클웨어에 대한 전자 구전 정보 탐색 행동

1) The purpose of this research is to scrutinize the cyclist’s consumer behavior by analyzing the eWOM information search behavior of cycle-wear according to benefits sought and involvement. The research was conducted through an online survey and the respondents were 291 men who wore cycle-wear and searched information via online. The results of this research are as following. First, the benefits sought from wearing cycle apparel are composed of five sub-factors such as, ideal body figure, brand ostentation, comfort·ease, personality, and economic feasibility. In addition, the cycle-wear involvement consisted of two sub-factors: cycling involvement and fashion involvement. Second, the eWOM information search behavior of cyclists was different depending on the benefits sought by the cyclists. When the cyclists pursued ideal body figure they searched more information of design and color, while cyclists put more weight on the information of design, color, and brand when they sought brand ostentation. Moreover, the valence and the type of the information were dissimilar depending on the benefits sought. Third, the sub-factors of eWOM information search behavior affected the eWOM effect distinctively. The price information was the only factor that influenced the eWOM effect among the contents of the information. The valence of the information influenced the eWOM effect, and the effect of positive information was stronger than negative information. Additionally, the subjective information also affected the eWOM effect. Lastly, the effect of the benefits sought influencing the eWOM information search behavior varied by the difference of the cycle-wear involvement. For example, when they are both high in the involvement there were various benefits sought affecting the eWOM information search behavior. However, when only the cycling involvement was high, and they pursued personality, the price information was not important to them.

Out of Control: Delegates' Information Sources and Perceptions of Female Candidates

Using survey data from statewide political party convention delegates in four states, I investigate whether and how gender stereotypes influence nomination choice. I examine whether gaining candidate information from different sources differentially influences gender stereotypes and the likelihood of supporting both a female and a male nominee. I argue that information sources outside a candidate's control—delegates' discussions with other delegates—versus sources candidates can control (e.g., campaign contacts and personal contact with the candidate) work against female candidates' nomination. Specifically, when delegates learn about candidates via the most controlled sources, they will be more likely to view the candidates as possessing both masculine and feminine traits and issue competencies. As a result, they should be more likely to support the candidate. In contrast, information from sources outside candidate control functions differently for male and female candidates: These sources confirm delegates' stereotype expectations, negatively affecting perceptions of a female candidate's masculine strengths, which then negatively relate to supporting her nomination. The results generally support these ideas: Delegates receiving information from the most controlled sources form balanced views of the female candidate, but the positive effects of information from these sources on nomination choice are not mediated by stereotypes. In contrast, delegates gaining information from other delegates confirm their stereotypes of the candidate and are then less likely to support her. More broadly, gender stereotypes, particularly those regarding female candidates' masculine traits and feminine issue competencies relative to the candidate's male opponent, directly and positively relate to delegates' likelihood of supporting her.

Five-a-day, a price to pay: An evaluation of the UK program impact accounting for market forces

We provide an ex-post assessment of the UK 5-a-day information campaign, where the positive effects of information are disentangled from potentially conflicting price dynamics. Using 4 years of data from the Expenditure and Food Survey between 2002 and 2006, we estimate that the 5-a-day program has lifted fruit and vegetable consumption by 0.3 portions, on average. We also provide quantitative evidence of a differentiated impact by income group, ranging from 0.2 to 0.7 portions. All impacts are larger than those observed by simply comparing pre-policy and post-policy intakes.

Preference and Acceptability of Partially Dealcoholized White and Red Wines by Consumers and Professionals

The influence of partial alcohol reduction in wine on consumer appreciation and acceptability was investigated. Two white wines (Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc) and two red wines (Merlot and Syrah) were partially dealcoholized using reverse osmosis to span a range of three different alcohol contents (14% to 10%) by grape variety. A group of 79 French wine consumers comparatively rated their appreciation of these wines, first in blind tasting conditions and then with added information. A group of 35 French wine professionals also comparatively rated their appreciation of the same wines in blind conditions and described them by rating the intensity of 10 informal descriptors. Wine professionals did not like the sensory properties of reduced-alcohol wines, whereas consumer likings were less clear and masked a strong segmentation. Experienced wine consumers had similar ratings as the wine professionals and did not like reduced-alcohol wine, whereas less experienced consumers liked the sensory properties of reduced-alcohol wines. Reduced-alcohol wines were described by wine professionals as less hot, sweet, persistent, and balanced than standard wines. Once information about alcohol reduction was given, consumer likings changed and emphasized either the negative or positive effect of information, depending on the consumer. These findings highlight the importance of providing information on the sensory perception and liking of products.

Pricing and production games under revenue sharing and information updates

Pricing and production games are studied in a vendor managed inventory system (VMI) where the supplier determines the quantity and the retailer determines the price. The role of revenue sharing in mitigating the double marginalisation in VMI is illustrated. The positive effect of information updates on the performance of VMI is also investigated. At the same time, the existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibrium in one period game, subgame perfect Nash equilibrium in a two-period game with perfect information in the second period and the myopic Nash equilibrium in finitely repeated games are also discussed. Numerical studies demonstrate the substantial economic value of revenue sharing and information updates.

New Developments in Experiments for Agricultural Economics: Discussion

Huffman et al. provide an excellent illustration of how a laboratory experiment can assess both the impact and value of information. Using auctions to elicit willingness-to-pay (WTP) for GMand standard-labeled foods the experiment compares the effects of positive information about GM from agribusinesses in two settings-one in which consumers received only negative GM information and the other in which they received both negative and independently verifiable (third party) information. The results show that the value of agribusiness information is reduced in the presence of third party information. The extension to calculating public good value is novel but in doing so, the authors assume that information has value only if it results in a change in purchases. This may be overly restrictive since it ignores any value to people already purchasing GM product, and it also brings up the question about the possible value of negative information since it, too, can presumably lead to changes in behavior. If positive and negative information were introduced simultaneously and resulted in no change in purchases, would this assumption force one to conclude that neither had any value?

The Effects of Positive Information on Evaluations of Black and White Targets by Black and White Subjects

Abstract The effects of information that disconfirmed negative stereotypes about blacks on evaluations of target individuals were examined. Black and white subjects rated black or white target individuals whose law school applications contained either moderately or strongly positive information. The gender of targets and subjects was also considered. Results indicated that black targets were evaluated more favorably than comparable white targets, but only by blacks. White subjects were more influenced by the target's gender than by his or her race, favoring male targets over equally qualified female targets.

Hypnosis as role-enactment: the effect of positive information about hypnosis on self-role congruence.

Abstract The affect on self-role congruence of providing favorable information about hypnosis while establishing rapport on the SHSS, A was evaluated. Role theory would predict that the function of furnishing positive information before hypnosis is to increase the congruence between the subject's perception of himself and the requirements of the hypnotic role. By so doing, hypnotic responsiveness should increase. A questionnaire was developed to assess the subject's congruence with the hypnotic role before they were hypnotized. The subjects were divided into high, medium, and low congruence samples then one-half of each sample was randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (a) Information condition subjects were administered the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form A (SHSS-A) in the standardized manner, (b) No-information subjects were administered the SHSS-A with the usual rapport section omitted. All subjects were re-assessed with the self-role congruence questionnaire before they were hyptonized. The results showed that positive information had no significant effect on congruence scores. Also of interest was the finding that positive information had no effect on hypnotic susceptibility. Possible explanations of the findings and suggestions for further research are discussed.