Positive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Research Articles

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Compassion Therapy and Positive Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Ambiguity Tolerance in Female Heads of Households

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Compassion Therapy and Positive Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Ambiguity Tolerance in Female Heads of Households

Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Compassion Therapy and Positive Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Resilience of Female-Headed Households

Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Compassion Therapy and Positive Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Resilience of Female-Headed Households

Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Compassion Therapy and Positive Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Self-Efficacy of Female-Headed Households

Aim: Due to the lack of proper training, female-headed households are suddenly faced with a lot of responsibilities without prior training, as a result of which they suffer stressful conditions and psychological pressure, and finally, the self-efficacy of these females is affected. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on female-headed households' self-efficacy. Methods: The design of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of research included female-headed households in Shahrekord in the year 2022. In this research, 60 women whose self-efficacy questionnaire score were between 17 and 34 were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups and one control group (20 persons in each group). Then, the experimental groups were treated with eight 120-minute mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy. The data were collected from the GSE-17 self-efficacy questionnaire, and finally, were analyzed through repeated measure analysis of variance. Findings: The findings showed that in the two stages of post-test and follow-up, the average score of self-efficacy in the two experimental groups was significantly different from the control group. Also, the results of the findings indicated the greater effectiveness of positive cognitive-behavioral therapy. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it is suggested to use positive cognitive-behavioral therapy along with other treatment methods to increase the self-efficacy of female-headed households.

مقایسه اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد و درمان شناختی - رفتاری مثبتنگر بر آشفتگیهای روانشناختی بیماران مبتلا به درد مزمن

مقدمه: هدف این پژوهش مقایسه اثربخشی درمان مبتنی‏بر پذیرش ‏و تعهد و درمان شناختی - رفتاری مثبت‏نگر بر آشفتگی‏های روانشناختی بیماران مبتلا به درد مزمن بود. روش: پژوهش حاضر نیمه‏آزمایشی ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ-ﭘﺲ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻭ پیگیری به مدت 3 ماه ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ گواه بود. نمونه این پژوهش شامل 45 نفر از بیماران مبتلا به درد مزمن مراجعه‏کننده به بیمارستان حضرت رسول اکرم شهر تهران بود؛ که به روش نمونه‏گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به‏صورت تصادفی در ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ گواه ﮔﻤﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ، مقیاس افسردگی، اضطراب، استرس (21DASS-) را ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ‏ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ، ﭘﺲ‏ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻭ پیگیری ﺗﻜﻤﻴل نمودند. ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻃﻲ 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه‏ای، هفته‏ای یک جلسه تحت مداخله درمان مبتنی‏بر پذیرش‏ و تعهد و درمان شناختی-رفتاری مثبت‏نگر قرار گرفتند و گروه گواه هیچ مداخله‏ای صورت نگرفت. در پایان از هر سه گروه پس‏آزمون به عمل آمد. داده‏ها به کمک 25-SPSS و با استفاده از شاخص‏های آمار توصیفی و روش اندازه‏گیری مکرر تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: بین درمان مبتنی‏بر پذیرش ‏و تعهد و درمان شناختی-رفتاری مثبت‏نگر با گروه گواه بر آشفتگی‏های روانشناختی بیماران مبتلا به درد مزمن تفاوت معناداری وجود داشت (001/0>P). اما بین درمان مبتنی‏بر پذیرش‏ و تعهد و درمان شناختی-رفتاری مثبت‏نگر بر آشفتگی‏های روانشناختی بیماران مبتلا به درد مزمن تفاوت معناداری وجود نداشت (05/0<P). نتیجه‌گیری: درمان مبتنی‏بر پذیرش ‏و تعهد و درمان شناختی - رفتاری مثبت‏نگر می‏توانند به‌عنوان ﺭﻭﺵ‏های مداخله‏ای ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ آشفتگی‏های روانشناختی ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ بکار روند

Correction to Geschwind et al. (2020).

Reports an error in "Positivity pays off: Clients' perspectives on positive compared with traditional cognitive behavioral therapy for depression" by Nicole Geschwind, Emke Bosgraaf, Fredrike Bannink and Frenk Peeters (Psychotherapy, Advanced Online Publication, Feb 20, 2020, np). In the article http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pst0000288), the second to last sentence does not appear correctly and should appear instead as follows: The conclusion emerging from this study is that exploring better moments and building positivity efficiently counters depressive symptoms and builds well-being. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2020-12346-001.) In this qualitative study, we explored the experiences of clients receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for major depressive disorder. All participants received 8 sessions of traditional CBT (based on Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emergy, 1979) and 8 sessions of positive CBT (order counterbalanced). The aim of the study was to examine clients' experience of positive CBT and to contrast this with their experience of traditional CBT. Positive CBT structurally and selectively focuses on better moments (exceptions to the problem as opposed to the problem), strengths, and positive emotions and integrates traditional CBT with solution-focused brief therapy and positive psychology. In addition to conducting interviews with 12 individuals, the second author attended all therapy sessions of 4 clients and observed biweekly supervision sessions as further methods of data collection. Qualitative analysis showed that, despite initial skepticism, clients preferred positive CBT and indicated experiencing a steeper learning curve during positive, compared with traditional, CBT for depression. The popularity of positive CBT was attributable to 4 influences: feeling good and empowered, benefitting from upward spiral effects of positive emotions, learning to appreciate baby steps, and (re)discovering optimism as a personal strength. Qualitative analysis showed that, despite better moments and building positivity efficiently counters depressive symptoms and builds well-being. Clients perceived positive CBT's upbeat tone as stimulating and as motivating for change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Positivity pays off: Clients' perspectives on positive compared with traditional cognitive behavioral therapy for depression.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 57(3) of Psychotherapy (see record 2020-64984-001). In the article "Positivity Pays Off: Clients' Perspectives on Positive Compared With Traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression" by Nicole Geschwind, Emke Bosgraaf, Fredrike Bannink, and Frenk Peeters (Psychotherapy. Advance online publication. February 20, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pst0000288), the second to last sentence does not appear correctly and should appear instead as follows: The conclusion emerging from this study is that exploring better moments and building positivity efficiently counters depressive symptoms and builds well-being.] In this qualitative study, we explored the experiences of clients receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for major depressive disorder. All participants received 8 sessions of traditional CBT (based on Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emergy, 1979) and 8 sessions of positive CBT (order counterbalanced). The aim of the study was to examine clients' experience of positive CBT and to contrast this with their experience of traditional CBT. Positive CBT structurally and selectively focuses on better moments (exceptions to the problem as opposed to the problem), strengths, and positive emotions and integrates traditional CBT with solution-focused brief therapy and positive psychology. In addition to conducting interviews with 12 individuals, the second author attended all therapy sessions of 4 clients and observed biweekly supervision sessions as further methods of data collection. Qualitative analysis showed that, despite initial skepticism, clients preferred positive CBT and indicated experiencing a steeper learning curve during positive, compared with traditional, CBT for depression. The popularity of positive CBT was attributable to 4 influences: feeling good and empowered, benefitting from upward spiral effects of positive emotions, learning to appreciate baby steps, and (re)discovering optimism as a personal strength. Qualitative analysis showed that, despite better moments and building positivity efficiently counters depressive symptoms and builds well-being. Clients perceived positive CBT's upbeat tone as stimulating and as motivating for change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

FMRI Activation During Executive Function Predicts Response to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Older, Depressed Adults

To test our hypothesis that pre-treatment executive function and brain regional activation during executive function would discriminate between responders and non-responders to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in elderly depressed outpatients. Clinical cohort study. University-affiliated hospital. Sixty outpatients (age 59 years and older) completed 12 weeks of CBT between July 2010 and December 2011. Forty-four completed fMRI procedures. The main outcome consisted of a conversion from a clinical diagnosis (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) of depression to no clinical diagnosis of depression or a significant improvement in diagnostic criteria. Brain activation measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging during the Wisconsin Card Sorting task (WCST) was the primary predictor variable. 67% of patients had a positive response to CBT. Decreased activation in the left inferior frontal triangle and right superior frontal gyrus as well as increased activity in the right middle frontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus predicted a positive response to CBT. Demographic and neurocognitive measures of WCST performance were not significant predictors of a positive CBT outcome, whereas the measure of WCST-induced activity in the prefrontal cortex was a significant predictor. These data are among the first to suggest that measures of prefrontal brain activation during executive functioning predict response to CBT in older adults. Further exploration of the specific underlying processes that these prefrontal cortical regions are engaging that contributes to better CBT outcomes is warranted in larger, randomized studies.

Cognitive Mechanisms of Change in CBT for Adolescent Depression: Associations among Client Involvement, Cognitive Distortions, and Treatment Outcome

A substantial body of evidence has supported the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for adolescent depression. Fewer studies have addressed mechanisms that contribute to positive youth CBT outcomes. The CBT model holds that adolescents acquire skills through active involvement in sessions and completion of homework assignments between sessions. Skill acquisition including cognitive modification is assumed to contribute to reductions in depressive symptoms. This study examined hypothesized associations among client involvement in cognitive therapy tasks, change in cognitive distortions, and reductions in depressive symptoms with a sample of 44 clinically depressed adolescents. Results partially supported the CBT model. Specifically, change in cognitive distortions prospectively predicted reductions in depressive symptoms, whereas change in depressive symptoms did not predict change in cognitive distortions. Neither in-session involvement nor between-session homework adherence predicted changes ...

Positive CBT: From Reducing Distress to Building Success

Recent decades have witnessed the development of competency-based, collaborative approaches to working with clients. This article reveals how cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) becomes Positive CBT, with a shift in the focus of therapy from what is wrong with clients to what is right with them, and from what is not working to what is. The concept of Positive CBT, aimed at improving the well-being of clients and their therapists, draws on research and applications from Positive Psychology and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy. A FBA of exceptions to the problem and the ‘upward arrow’ instead of the ‘downward arrow’ technique are two of the many practical applications of Positive CBT, described in this article. Further research is necessary due to its recent development.

Cognitive behavioral therapy-related increases in cortical inhibition in problematic perfectionists

Several lines of evidence suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression and anxiety disorders. Evidence suggests that the therapeutic effects of CBT are related to neurophysiologic changes in the cortex, particularly γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) potentiation. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) represents a noninvasive method of measuring cortical inhibition, which is a neurophysiologic mechanism associated with the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders. To demonstrate the effectiveness of a 12-week CBT intervention compared with a wait list control group measuring cortical inhibition in participants with pathologic perfectionism. Participants within the CBT group would demonstrate increases in cortical inhibition and improvements on clinical outcomes relative to the wait list control group. Twenty-four right-handed perfectionists were randomly assigned to a 12-week CBT intervention or a wait list control group. Cortical inhibition was measured at pre- and postintervention with TMS paradigms specifically short-interval cortical inhibition and the cortical silent period, which index GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission, respectively. The CBT group demonstrated a significant potentiation of the cortical silent period when compared with the wait list control group. The CBT group demonstrated a decrease in anxiety sensitivity and automatic thoughts relative to the control group. These findings demonstrate that CBT tailored for perfectionism is accompanied by an increase in cortical inhibition of the motor cortex and positive changes on clinical outcomes. These findings provide compelling evidence for an association between positive CBT effects and a potentiation of GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission.

Naturalistic manner of benzodiazepine use and cognitive behavioral therapy outcome in panic disorder with agoraphobia

Benzodiazepines (BZs) are commonly used in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA). However, empirical evidence provides little support for the utility of this combined treatment approach over CBT alone. Westra and Stewart [Clin. Psychol. Rev. 18 (1998) 307] have proposed that prn or as-needed use of BZs may inhibit positive CBT outcome to a greater extent than regularly scheduled BZ use. Using a naturalistic design, the present study investigated the impact of manner of BZ use on treatment outcome from CBT in 43 patients with PDA. Among various BZ parameters (chronicity, frequency, dose, and frequency of prn use), prn use of BZs for coping with anxiety symptoms was a significant negative predictor of degree of change in both anxiety sensitivity and anxious arousal from pre- to post-CBT. Although no significant between-group differences were evident in pre-treatment symptomatology, unmedicated subjects demonstrated the most positive overall CBT outcome, while prn BZ users evidenced the fewest gains. Regular BZ users were generally not significantly differentiated from unmedicated subjects in CBT outcome and both tended to obtain post-treatment scores in the nonclinical range. Implications of these findings for clinical management of BZ use throughout CBT for PDA are discussed.