Positive Coefficient Research Articles

UNDERPRICING SIGNALS: EXPLOITATION OF DAR VARIABLES (DEBT TO ASSET RATIO)

The analysis of DAR (Debt to Asset Ratio) associated with the level of underpricing movement is the main focus in this study process. This study adopts a quantitative approach and relies on secondary data with a focus on explanatory research. The utilisation of purposive sampling method in sample selection allows the study to focus on 77 issuers over a significant period from 2021 to 2022. The uniqueness of this study lies in the use of the latest data and a sample that reflects the situation during the period. In analysing the data, linear regression with the support of EViews software is used as the main tool to test the hypothesis. The data source is obtained from the information of companies conducting initial public offerings and accessed through the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The calculation results show a significant impact of the DAR variable on the level of movement of IPO stock underpricing. The positive coefficient on the DAR variable indicates that an increase in the DAR value has the potential to increase the level of movement of IPO stock underpricing, and vice versa.

SOME BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN SEMINAL PLASMA OF IRAQI BUFFALO BULLS AND THEIR RELATION TO THE SEMEN QUALITY

This study was undertaken to figure out the relationship between some biochemical characteristics in seminal plasma with the semen quality of Iraqi buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis). Semen was diluted with the Tris extender and divided based on the sperm cell's individual motility into two groups. The first group included good-semen quality (GS; n=3), whereas, the second group included poor-semen quality (PS; n=5). The differences between GS and BS groups in all seminal biochemical attributes lacked significance.  A negative and significant (P≤0.05) correlation coefficient was noticed between cholesterol concentration and both principal and terminal sperms abnormality (r= -0.52), and total abnormalities (r= -0.53). A positive and significant (P≤0.05) correlation coefficient was shown between cholesterol concentration and normal sperm percentage (r= 0.53). Moreover, there was a negative and significant correlation (P≤0.05) between the triglyceride concentration and each of the percentages of individual sperm motility (r = -0.50) and of live sperm (r = -0.51).  It can be concluded that some biochemical characteristics of seminal plasma can be used to predict the semen quality and fertility of Iraqi buffalo bulls.

PENGARUH KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. INDOJAYA AGRINUSA KABUPATEN KAMPAR

This research is aimed at examining the effect of organizational commitment on employee job satisfaction at PT. Indojaya Agrinusa Kampar Regency organization on employee job satisfaction at PT. Indojaya Agrinusa, Kampar Regency. The sample obtained was 34 respondents in accordance with the research objectives. This research formulated a hypothesis for organizational analysis of employee job satisfaction at PT. Indojaya Agrinusa, Kampar Regency. To facilitate problem solving, this research was carried out using a simple linear regression analysis method with the help of SPSS Statistics version 25. Data was obtained from interviews and questionnaires using a simple linear regression formula with the formula: Y=a+Bx+e where Y= 18.647+ 0.893 X + e. The calculation results show that X represents the organizational commitment variable, giving a positive partial regression coefficient of 0.893 on the job satisfaction variable at PT. Indojaya Agrinusa, Kampar Regency. Measurements are carried out by calculating the coefficient of determination (R²) which is closer to 1, the more precise the linear line is. From the results of these calculations, an R² value of 30.4% of the employee job satisfaction variable in the production department at PT is obtained. Indojaya Agrinusa, Kampar Regency. determined by the independent variable, namely organizational commitment. Meanwhile, the remaining 69.6% is influenced by other variables.

Thermally Driven Convection Generated by Reaction Fronts in Viscous Fluids

Reaction fronts propagating in liquids separate reacted from unreacted fluid. These reactions may release heat, increasing the temperature of the propagating medium. As fronts propagate, they will induce density changes leading to convection. Exothermic fronts that propagate upward increase the temperature of the reacted fluid located underneath the front. For positive expansion coefficients, the warmer fluid will tend to rise due to buoyancy. In the opposite case, for fronts propagating downward with the warmer fluid on top, an unexpected thermally driven instability can also take place. In this work, we carry out a linear stability analysis introducing perturbations of fixed wavelength. We obtain a dispersion relation between the perturbation wave number and its growth rate. For either direction of propagation, we find that the front is stable for very short wavelengths, but is unstable for large enough wavelengths. We carry out a numerical solution of a cubic reaction–diffusion–advection equation coupled to Navier–Stokes hydrodynamics in a two-dimensional rectangular domain. We find transitions between the non-axisymmetric and axisymmetric fronts increasing with the width of the domain.

First-principles study on electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of pressure-induced vanadium-based perovskite KVO3

Vanadium-based compounds exhibit a variety of excellent characteristics due to their variable oxidation states. In this study, Density Functional Theory (DFT) is performed to investigate the structural, electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of KVO3 under high pressure. The thermodynamical and mechanical stabilities under high pressure are probed by the negative value of formation enthalpy and Born-mechanical stability criteria, respectively. KVO3 displays a nearly metallic nature in both pressurized and unpressurized systems owing to its remarkably narrow band gap. Furthermore, a positive pressure coefficient of the band gap is revealed from electronic properties. A lower effective mass value for charge carriers indicates KVO3's suitability for optoelectronic applications. The mechanical properties indicate that increasing pressure results in a slight increase in elastic constants, elastic moduli, hardness, and machinability index. Additionally, it has been disclosed that it is capable of enduring localized plastic deformation and fracturing under intense pressure in a prospective application. The calculations of the complex dielectric function, absorption, reflectivity, conductivity, refractive index, and loss function for KVO3 with and without pressure reveal a substantial behavior change. The absorption edge exhibits a significant blue shift with the applied pressure. The high peaks in the UV region suggest that it can be used in UV detectors and anti-reflection coatings. The refractive index shows promising application in waveguides.

[Application of Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process to construct the evaluation index system of healthy enterprises].

Objective: Explore the application of Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process to explore the construction of scientific, objective and comprehensive evaluation index system for healthy enterprise construction and promote the construction of healthy enterprises. Methods: In October 2022, through Delphi expert consultation and analytic hierarchy process, the indexes were screened and the weights of the indexes were determined, and the evaluation index system of healthy enterprises was established. Results: The positive coefficients of experts in the two rounds were all 100.00%, the authority coefficient of experts was 0.82, the coefficients of variation of the indexes in the two rounds were all less than 0.30. The coordination coefficients of experts in the first and second rounds were 0.64 and 0.77, respectively (P<0.001) . After two rounds of Delphi method expert consultation, a healthy enterprise evaluation index system including 4 first-level indexes, 14 second-level indexes, and 63 third-level indexes was constructed. Conclusion: The constructed health enterprise evaluation index system is highly scientific and reliable, covering the main factors of healthy enterprise construction, and providing a reliable and quantifiable basis and self-assessment basis for the establishment of healthy enterprises.

The Impact of Crime against a Person on Domestic Investment in Dubai

The rise in crime against a person in rapidly growing cities poses significant risks to societies and economies, affecting both microeconomic and macroeconomic aspects. This trend could potentially deter economic performance and domestic investment. Consequently, this study aims to analyze the impact of crime against a person on domestic investment in Dubai spanning 1989–2021. Dubai is considered an emerging economy and a highly competitive global city. It is also acknowledged as one of the world’s smart cities. This study employed the novel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach to investigate the impact of both the escalation and contraction of crime against a person on domestic investment in Dubai. The findings exhibit that the fluctuation in crime against a person has an asymmetrical impact on domestic investment. In addition, estimations of the positive and negative long-run asymmetric coefficients indicate that crime against a person has a negative impact on domestic investment in Dubai.

Evaluation of GeneXpert and advanced biological laboratories UltraGene HCV diagnostic detection and performance against Roche real time PCR in Myanmar

BackgroundDeveloping countries experience limited access to HCV laboratory tests for different reasons. Providing near to real–time HCV testing and results especially to at–risk populations including those in rural settings for timely initiation to treatment is key. Within a rural Myanmar setting, we compared HCV diagnostic detection and quantification of the GeneXpert, and Advanced Biological Laboratories UltraGene–HCV assays against the gold standard and reference method Roche real–time HCV in Myanmar. MethodsBlood samples from 158 high–risk individuals were assessed using three different methods at baseline. Results were checked for normality and log transformed. Log differences and bias between methods were calculated and correlated. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the association of HCV viral loads across all methods. The level of agreement with the standard method (Roche real time HCV) was assessed using Bland–Altman analyses. ResultsThere was a strong positive correlation coefficient between all three methods with GeneXpert and Roche having the strongest, r = 0.96, (p<0.001). Compared to Roche, ABL (mean difference, 95 % limits of agreement; -0.063 and -1.4 to 1.3 Log10IU/mL) and GeneXpert (mean difference, 95 % limits of agreement; -0.28 and -0.7 to 1.8 Log10IU/mL) showed a good level of agreement with the GeneXpert being slightly superior. ConclusionWe demonstrate the excellent performance and no-inferiority, in terms of levels of agreements of both GeneXpert and ABL compared to the Roche platform and supporting the use of the POC assays as alternative a cost-effective methods in HCV detection and diagnosis in developing and low resource settings countries.

Analyzing the Influence of Social Media on Pro-Environmental Behavior via the Mediation of Pro-Environmental Knowledge and Attitudes among Middle School Students in Bandung Regency, Indonesia

Adolescents, even those in junior high school, have incorporated social media into their daily routines, making it an essential component of their lives. The objective of this study is to examine how social media influences the adoption of pro-environmental behavior among junior high school students in Bandung Regency, Indonesia, by mediating their pro-environmental knowledge and attitudes. This study employs quantitative methodologies via a survey-based approach. We administered questionnaires to a sample of 300 junior high school students in Bandung Regency to collect data. The questionnaire encompasses inquiries on social media use, pro-environmental knowledge, pro-environmental attitudes, and pro-environmental conduct. The research findings indicate that social media exerts a beneficial influence on the pro-environmental conduct of junior high school pupils. The statistically significant positive correlation coefficient (r = 0.35, p &lt; 0.01) supports the connection between the usage of social media and pro-environmental behavior. Pro-environmental knowledge and attitudes influence the connection between social media use and pro-environmental behavior, as revealed by mediation analysis. Consequently, social media enhances students' understanding and beliefs about the environment, thereby motivating them to engage in environmentally friendly actions. The findings of this study demonstrate that social media can serve as a potent instrument for promoting pro-environmental conduct among adolescents in junior high school.

The mediating effect of the need for cognition between aesthetic experiences and aesthetic competence in art

Although the role of aesthetics and aesthetic education in everyday life was discussed as early as the ancient philosophers, the psychological mechanisms shaping the aesthetic quotient have hardly been investigated by empirical studies. The aim of this study was to examine the direct relationship between experience and aesthetic competence, and the mediating role of need for cognition. The study involved 201 Polish adults, aged 18 to 76 (M = 26.40; SD = 11.89), 65% of whom were women. The respondents completed anonymous questionnaires on an online platform. The surveys included a metric, the Aesthetic Competence Scale (ACS), the Aesthetic Experience Questionnaire (AEQ) and the Need for Cognition Scale (NCS). A positive correlation coefficient was obtained between all three variables studied, with need for cognition acting as a mediator in the relationship between experience and aesthetic competence. The findings indicate that individuals reporting intense aesthetic experiences have a higher aesthetic competence if this relationship is mediated by a high need for cognitive effort.

The Nexus Between Revenue Generation and Economic Growth in Nigeria

The general objective of the study is to examine the relationship between revenue generation and economic growth in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was used with secondary data collected from CBN database (2012-2022). The dependent variable was economic growth and measured by gross domestic product GDP while the independent variables was revenue generation and measured by oil and non-oil revenue. The study adopt usage the autoregressive distributed lag ARDL model for the data analysis which shows the long-run relationship between revenue generation and economic growth in Nigeria. It was discovered that oil revenue (OILR) exerts an insignificant positive effect on economic growth in Nigeria in the long run at 5% significant value. It implies that a unit increase in oil revenue will lead to 3.709184 units increase in economic growth in Nigeria. Conversely, non-oil revenue has a positive and significant coefficient of 1.257631 units. This implies that a unit increase in non- oil revenue will bring about 1.257631 units increase in economic growth in Nigeria in the long. The study recommends that effort should be made by the governments to diversify the main revenue source from oil to other sectors of the economy such as agriculture, extractive industries in order to increase revenue generated from other sources

The value of lung ultrasound score in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective diagnostic cohort study.

The accurate diagnosis of critically ill patients with respiratory failure can be achieved through lung ultrasound (LUS) score. Considering its characteristics, it is speculated that this technique might also be useful for patients with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Thus, there is a need for precise imaging tools to monitor such patients. This double-blind randomized cohort study aims to investigate the impact of LUS and related scores on the severity of NRDS patients. This study was conducted as a prospective double-blind randomized study. Bivariate correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between LUS score and Oxygenation Index (OI), Respiratory Index (RI), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to generate correlation heat maps, elucidating the associations between LUS and respective parameters in different cohorts. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to calculate the predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity of different scores in determining the severity of NRDS. This study ultimately included 134 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between December 2020 and June 2022. Among these patients, 72 were included in the NRDS cohort, while 62 were included in the Non-NRDS (N-NRDS) cohort. There were significant differences in the mean LUS scores between NRDS and N-NRDS patients (p < 0.01). The LUS score was significantly negatively correlated with the OI (p < 0.01), while it was significantly positively correlated with the RI and SOFA scores (p < 0.01). The correlation heatmap revealed the highest positive correlation coefficient between LUS and RI (0.82), while the highest negative correlation coefficient was observed between LUS and OI (-0.8). ROC curves for different scores demonstrated that LUS score had the highest area under the curve (0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98) in predicting the severity of patients' conditions. The combination of LUS and other scores can more accurately predict the severity of NRDS patients, with the highest AUC value of 0.93, significantly higher than using a single indicator alone (p < 0.01). Our double-blind randomized cohort study demonstrates that LUS, RI, OI, and SOFA scores can effectively monitor the lung ventilation and function in NRDS. Moreover, these parameters and their combination have significant predictive value in evaluating the severity and prognosis of NRDS patients. Therefore, these results provide crucial insights for future research endeavors.

Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Romanian Carpatina Goats Using SNP Genotyping Data.

Animal husbandry is one of man's oldest occupations. It began with the domestication of animals and developed continuously, in parallel with the evolution of human society. The selection and improvement of goats in Romania was not a clearly defined objective until around 1980. In recent years, with the increasing economic value given to goats, breeding programs are becoming established. In Romania, a few goat genetic studies using microsatellites and mtDNA have been carried out; however, a systematic characterization of the country's goat genomic resources remains missing. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variability of Carpatina goats from four distinct geographical areas (northern, north-eastern, eastern and southern Romania), using the Illumina OvineSNP60 (RefSeq ARS1) high-density chip for 67 goats. Heterozygosity values, inbreeding coefficients and effective population size across all autosomes were calculated for those populations that inhabit high- and low-altitude and high- and low-temperature environments. Diversity, as measured by expected heterozygosity (HE), ranged from 0.413 in the group from a low-temperature environment to 0.420 in the group from a high-temperature environment. Within studied groups, the HT (high temperature) goats were the only group with a positive but low average inbreeding coefficient value, which was 0.009. After quality control (QC) analysis, 46,965 SNPs remained for analysis (MAF < 0.01). LD was calculated for each chromosome separately. The Ne has been declining since the time of domestication, having recently reached 123, 125, 185 and 92 for the HA (high altitude), LA (low altitude), HT (high temperature) and LT (low temperature) group, respectively. Our study revealed a low impact of inbreeding in the Carpatina population, and the Ne trend also indicated a steep decline in the last hundred years. These results will contribute to the genetic improvement of the Carpatina breed.

Extended-Range Forecast of Winter Rainfall in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Intra-Seasonal Oscillation of Atmospheric Circulations

The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is an important economic region in China. Heavy winter rainfall may pose serious threats to city operations. To ensure the safe operation of the city, meteorological departments need to provide forecast results for the Spring Festival travel rush weather service. Therefore, the extended-range forecast of winter rainfall is of considerable importance. To solve this problem, based on the analysis of low-frequency rainfall and the intra-seasonal oscillation of atmospheric circulation, an extended-range forecast model for winter rainfall is developed using spatiotemporal projection methods and is applied to a case study from 2020. The results show that: (1) The precipitation in the YRD during the winter has a significant intra-seasonal oscillation (ISO) with a periodicity of 10–30 d. (2) The atmospheric circulations associated with winter rainfall in the YRD have a significant characteristic of low-frequency oscillation. From a 30-day to a 0-day lead, large modifications appear in the low-frequency atmospheric circulations at low, mid, and high latitudes. At low latitudes, strong wet convective activity characterized by a negative OLR combined with a positive RH700 correlation coefficient moves northwestward and covers the entire YRD. Meanwhile, the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) characterized by a positive Z500 anomaly enhances and lifts northward. At mid and high latitudes, the signal of negatively correlated Z500 northwest of Lake Balkhash propagates southeastward, indicating the cold is air moving southward. Multiple circulation factors combine together and lead to the precipitation process in the YRD. (3) Taking the intra-seasonal dynamical evolution process of the atmospheric circulation as the prediction factor, the spatiotemporal method is used to build the model for winter mean extended-range precipitation anomaly tendency in the YRD. The hindcast for the recent 10 years shows that the ensemble model has a higher skill that can reach up to 20 days. In particular, the skill of the eastern part of the YRD can reach 25 days. (4) The rainfall in the 2019/2020 winter has a significant ISO. The ensemble model could forecast the most extreme precipitation for 20 days ahead.

Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Dan Leverage Terhadap Keputusan Hedging

International trade is mostly carried out by companies in Indonesia. International trade obviously related with foreign currency exchange rates. This exchange rate is fluctuating that can cause company has a financial risk such as declining company profit, increasing corporate debt, and weakening financial performance. To conques this problem, hedging decisions are one way to maintain exchange rates and minimize financial risks that may occur. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of profitability, liquidity, and leverage on hedging decision. This study used secondary data with a quantitative approach, where the sample selected in this study used purposive sampling techniques. The population of non primary consumer goods sector company listed on the IDX is 136 companies to 16 companies selected by criteria, so there are 64 samples. The data analysis method that used in this study is logistic regression analysis. Research data is processed using SPSS software. The result of this study showed that profitability had a positive regression coefficient with a significance value of 0,001 &lt; 0,05, indicating that profitability had a positive and significant effect on hedging decision. Liquidity had a significance value of 0,003 &lt; 0,05, indicating that liquidity had a negative effect and significant effect on hedging decision. Leverage had a significance value of 0,642 &gt; 0,05, indicating that leverage had no effect on hedging decision. Profitability, liquidity, and leverage simultancously had a significance value of 0,000 &lt; 0,05, indicating that profitability, liquidity, and leverage simultancously had a significant effect on hedging decision in non primary consumer goods sector company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2021.   Keywords: Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage, Hedging Decision

The Intricate Impression of Tourism, Patent, And Renewable Energy on Environmental Sustainability

The growing global attention to indicating climate conversion and plummeting carbon dioxide (CO2) emanations has spurred researchers to examine the influence of several factors on promoting environmental sustainability. This research examines the intricate role of tourism, patent applications, rent from natural resources, and utilization of renewable power in carbon dioxide secretions in Bangladesh. For this purpose, data has been collected from 1995 to 2019 from World Development Indicators (WDI). Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and the Phillips-Perron (PP) and the ARDL bound cointegration procedures are employed to determine the existence of stationary data and cointegration among variables respectively. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) procedure is used to consider the effects of the chosen variables on CO2 emissions over the short and long run. VIF test, White's test, and the Breusch-Godfrey test are employed to check multicolinearity, homoscedasticity, and autocorrelation respectively. The research discloses that it is vital to expand the usage of renewable energy sources while simultaneously decreasing natural resource rent by limiting natural resource extraction for a sustainable environment. Although the statistical insignificance of the long-term coefficient of tourism has been observed, the study reveals a negative coefficient for tourism, suggesting the possible efficacy of sustainable tourism practices for mitigating CO2 emissions. The findings also demonstrate the long-term contribution of innovation activities to environmental degradation through the positive coefficient of patent applications. The research results offer significant insights for policymakers and stakeholders involved in the pursuit of a sustainable and ecologically conscious future in Bangladesh.

[Construction of an evaluation index system for the capability of comprehensive control of mountain - type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis based on the One Health concept].

To construct an evaluation index system for the capability of comprehensive control of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis based on the One Health concept, so as to provide insights into the control and elimination of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis using the One Health approach. A preliminary evaluation index system was constructed based on literature review, panel discussions and field surveys. Thirty-three experts were selected from 7 provincial disease control and prevention centers in Beijing Municipality, Hebei Province, Shanxi Province, Henan Province, Sichuan Province, Shaanxi Province and Gansu Province where mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis was endemic, and two rounds of expert consultations were conducted to screen the indicators. The positive coefficient, degree of concentration, degree of coordination, and authority of the experts were calculated, and the normalized weights of each index were calculated with the analytic hierarchy process. The response rates of questionnaires during two rounds of expert consultation were both 100.00% (33/33), and the authority coefficients of the experts were 0.86 and 0.88, respectively. The coefficients of coordination among experts on the rationality, importance, and operability of the indicators were 0.392, 0.437, 0.258, and 0.364, 0.335, 0.263, respectively (all P values < 0.05). Following screening, the final evaluation index system included 3 primary indicators, 17 secondary indicators, and 50 tertiary indicators. The normalized weights of primary indicators "external environment", "internal support" and "comprehensive control" were 16.98%, 38.73% and 44.29%, respectively. Among the secondary indicators of the primary indicator "external environment", the highest weight was seen for natural environment (66.67%), and among the secondary indicators of the primary indicator "internal support", the lowest weight was seen for the scientific research for visceral leishmaniasis control (8.26%), while other indicators had weights of 12.42% to 13.38%. Among the secondary indicators of the primary indicator "comprehensive control", the weight was 16.67% for each indicator. An evaluation index system has been constructed for the capability of comprehensive control of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis based on the One Health concept. In addition to assessment of the effect of conventional mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis control measures, this index system integrates the importance of top-level design, organizational management, and implementation of control measures, and includes indicators related to multi-sectoral cooperation.

How close are the classical two-body potentials to abinitio calculations? Insights from linear machine learning based force matching.

In this work, we propose a linear machine learning force matching approach that can directly extract pair atomic interactions from abinitio calculations in amorphous structures. The local feature representation is specifically chosen to make the linear weights a force field as a force/potential function of the atom pair distance. Consequently, this set of functions is the closest representation of the abinitio forces, given the two-body approximation and finite scanning in the configurational space. We validate this approach in amorphous silica. Potentials in the new force field (consisting of tabulated Si-Si, Si-O, and O-O potentials) are significantly different than existing potentials that are commonly used for silica, even though all of them produce the tetrahedral network structure and roughly similar glass properties. This suggests that the commonly used classical force fields do not offer fundamentally accurate representations of the atomic interaction in silica. The new force field furthermore produces a lower glass transition temperature (Tg ∼ 1800K) and a positive liquid thermal expansion coefficient, suggesting the extraordinarily high Tg and negative liquid thermal expansion of simulated silica could be artifacts of previously developed classical potentials. Overall, the proposed approach provides a fundamental yet intuitive way to evaluate two-body potentials against abinitio calculations, thereby offering an efficient way to guide the development of classical force fields.

Simultaneous Occurrence of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances, Farley Buneman and Gradient Drift Instabilities Observed by the Zhongshan SuperDARN HF Radar

AbstractWe show that Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) may affect the Farley Buneman Instability (FBI) and Gradient Drift Instability (GDI) echoes referred to as the Near Range Echoes (NREs) in the SuperDARN radar backscatter from the lower part of the E‐region. TIDs and NREs are observed concomitantly by the Zhongshan SuperDARN radar (69.38°S, 76.38°E) in the far and near ranges, respectively. At the moment, there is no study about the effects of TIDs on the NREs caused by the FBI using the SuperDARN radars. The GDI are more likely to occur at a lower altitude while FBI occurs at a slightly higher altitude in the lower part of the ionospheric E‐region. We use the Spearman Correlation Coefficient (SCC) to show that a part of the NREs backscatter power could be statistically explained by the MSTIDs backscatter power received by the same radar. We also investigate the simultaneous occurrence rate of the NREs and MSTIDs during the 24th solar cycle. Seasonal variability shows that MSTIDs‐NREs events over Zhongshan mostly occur in summer and equinoxes during local night and morning. The majority of these events lasted between ∼4 and ∼8 hr. Most events disappeared early in the morning. Statistics of the Spearman correlation coefficient values show that ∼9% of NRE amplitude modulation could be due to the MSTIDs. There are almost equal numbers of negative and positive Spearman correlation coefficient values. The relative velocity between the E‐region NREs and the F‐region MSTIDs switching the electric field polarities between the crests and troughs could be the cause of those equal number of the Spearman correlation coefficient values. The orientation of the ionospheric current relative to the MSTID polarization electric field may also play a significant role in the reported Spearman correlation coefficient values. We argue that in some cases, the TIDs might have been close enough to the NREs altitude to modulate them directly by transporting the plasma up and down through shear or compression.

Exploring the complex dynamics of a diffusive epidemic model: Stability and bifurcation analysis.

The recent pandemic has highlighted the need to understand how we resist infections and their causes, which may differ from the ways we often think about treating epidemic diseases. The current study presents an improved version of the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) epidemic model, to better comprehend the community's overall dynamics of diseases, involving numerous infectious agents. The model deals with a non-monotone incidence rate that exhibits psychological or inhibitory influence and a saturation treatment rate. It has been identified that depending on the measure of medical resources and the effectiveness of their supply, the model exposes both forward and backward bifurcations where two endemic equilibria coexist with infection-free equilibrium. The model also experiences local and global bifurcations of codimension two, including saddle-node, Hopf, and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations. Additionally, the stability of equilibrium points is investigated. For a spatially extended SIR model system, we have shown that cross-diffusion allows S and I populations to coexist in a habitat. Also, the Turing instability requirements and Turing bifurcation regime are derived. The relationship between distinct role-playing model parameters and various pattern formations like spot and stripe patterns is validated by carrying out in-depth numerical simulations. The findings in the vicinity of the endemic equilibrium solution demonstrate the significance of positive and negative valued cross-diffusion coefficients in regulating the genesis of spatial patterns in susceptible as well as diseased individuals. The discussion of the findings of epidemiological ramifications concludes the manuscript.