Positive Adolescent Training Through Holistic Social Programmes Research Articles

Evaluation of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Mainland China: Findings Based on Student Diaries

Objectives: Based on 859 student diaries, the present study evaluated a positive youth development program entitled “Tin Ka Ping (TKP) Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social programs (P.A.T.H.S.) ” project implemented in mainland China during the 2015–2016 academic year. Method: To understand the perceived effectiveness of the students, the study analyzed quantitative as well as qualitative data derived from the student diaries. Results: The students held very positive views toward the program and the implementers. The narratives of the students also showed that they perceived improvement in the intrapersonal, interpersonal, familial, and societal domains after joining the program. Conclusion: In conjunction with the subjective outcome evaluation findings, the present findings suggest that the “TKP P.A.T.H.S.” project is able to promote holistic development of secondary school students in mainland China.

Evaluation of programs for adolescents with greater psychosocial needs: community-based Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.

This study examined the perceptions of the Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social programmes) among Chinese secondary school students displaying greater psychosocial needs. Results showed that participants held positive views of program qualities, implementer qualities, as well as the perceived effectiveness of the program. Significant grade differences in terms of various indicators of satisfaction related to program qualities, implementer qualities, and program effectiveness were found. Correlation analyses showed that there were significant inter-relationships amongst program qualities, implementer qualities and program effectiveness. In line with the predictions, both program qualities and implementer qualities were significant predictors of perceived program effectiveness. The present study provides support for the perceived effectiveness of the Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in the community-based project context.

Effectiveness of a Chinese positive youth development program: the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong

AbstractAdopting a static group comparison design, this study examined the effectiveness of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs) using social survey data. In a longitudinal study, 3328 students were recruited from 28 secondary schools for the wave 1 data, with 16 participating schools (P group) and 12 nonparticipating schools (NP group). The data were collected roughly 4 months after the inception of Project P.A.T.H.S., and the data collection time for the two groups was similar. Results showed that the two groups did not differ in their school characteristics, with the exception of student age, length of stay in Hong Kong and family functioning. Analyses of covariance were conducted with the removal of the effects of age, length of stay in Hong Kong and family functioning. Compared with students in the nonparticipating schools, students participating in the Project P.A.T.H.S. had better positive youth development and displayed less adolescent risk behavior. Acknowledging the limitations of a static group comparison as a pre-experimental design, the present study provides supplementary evidence on the effectiveness of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.

Program implementers’ evaluation of Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong: a study based on different cohorts

A total of 216 schools participated in the Tier 1 Program (Secondary 1, 2 and 3 levels) of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in the 2008/09 school year. Based on the subjective outcome evaluation findings collected from students and instructors in each grade, the program implementers wrote down five conclusions in their reports. Utilizing secondary data analysis, the conclusions in the reports were further analyzed. Results showed that most of the conclusions concerning perceptions of the program, instructors and effectiveness of the program were positive in nature. There were also conclusions indicating difficulties encountered and recommendations for improvement. The result of the present study is consistent with previous studies using the same method as well as using other evaluation means for the same grades. The findings suggest that the Tier 1 Program is well received by the stakeholders and the program is effective in promoting the holistic development of adolescents.

The role of program, people, process, policy and place (5Ps) in the implementation of a positive youth development program

There is scant literature about identifying factors contributing to the success of the implementation of programs to help understand the interrelationships among multiple facets of implementation. In this paper, a front-line implementer reviewed the execution practice of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in her former school in terms of program, people, process, policy and place (5Ps). By examining the factors contributing to the success of the implementation, the authors intend to fill the gap between the research and the practical school-based front-line implementation. Although the program implementation process was examined in researchers' "expert" perspective, it would be helpful if more research employed front-line workers as collaborators and participants in the implementation process to understand what actually happen in the program implementation process.

Impact of Project P.A.T.H.S. on adolescent developmental outcomes in Hong Kong: findings based on seven waves of data

The present study examined the longitudinal impact of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) on adolescent developmental outcomes in Hong Kong. Using a longitudinal randomized group design, seven waves of data were collected from 24 experimental schools (n=4049 at wave 1) in which students participated in the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. and 24 control schools (n=3797 at wave 1). Results based on individual growth curve modeling generally showed that, relative to the control participants, participants in the experimental group had: (a) a higher level of positive development; (b) a lower level of substance abuse; and (c) a lower level of delinquent behavior. Participants who regarded the program to be beneficial also showed higher levels of positive development and lower levels of problem behavior than did the control school students. The present findings suggest that Project P.A.T.H.S. is effective in promoting positive development and preventing adolescent problem behavior in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong.

Qualitative evaluation of Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong: focus groups based on Secondary 3 program implementers

Ten focus groups comprising 42 program implementers recruited from 10 schools were conducted to evaluate the Tier 1 Program (Secondary 3) of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs) in the 2008/09 school year. Results showed that a majority of the program implementers used positive descriptors and metaphors to represent the program and they perceived that the program benefited the program participants in various psychosocial domains. In conjunction with the previous research findings, the present study provides further support for the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S.

Implementation of the Secondary 3 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S.: observations based on the co-walker scheme

The present study was conducted to explore the implementation quality of the Secondary 3 Program of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in the third year of the Full Implementation Phase. Classroom observations of 182 units in 129 schools were conducted. Results showed that the overall level of program adherence was 73.9%. Thirteen aspects concerning program delivery were significantly correlated. Multiple regression analyses revealed that overall implementation quality was significantly predicted by student participation and involvement, strategies to enhance student motivation, use of positive and supportive feedback, degree of achievement of the objectives, and lesson preparation. Success of implementation was significantly predicted by student participation and involvement, classroom control, use of positive and supportive feedback, opportunity for reflection, degree of achievement of the objectives and time management. The present findings generally suggest that the implementation quality of Project P.A.T.H.S. was high.

Implementation of the Secondary 2 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S.: observations based on the co-walker scheme

The present study examined the implementation quality of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) at Secondary 2 level in the third year of the initial phase of the project in Hong Kong. Classroom observations of 222 units in 148 schools were conducted under the co-walker scheme. Results generally showed that the overall level of program adherence was high and different dimensions of program delivery were positively correlated amongst themselves. Instructors' use of positive and supportive feedback, degree of achievement of the objectives, and lesson preparation significantly predicted both the overall implementation quality and perceived success of the program. While instructors' interactive delivery method and their familiarity with the students predicted overall implementation quality, student participation and involvement, and opportunity for reflection were predictive of implementation success. In conjunction with other evaluation findings, the present study lends further support to the high implementation quality of Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.

Interim evaluation of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S.: continuation of evidence

An interim evaluation study was conducted to understand the implementation of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in the 2008/09 school year. One hundred and twenty-eight schools were randomly selected to provide information on the implementation details of the program via interviews, telephone interviews and self-completed questionnaires. Results showed that a majority of the workers perceived that the students had positive responses to the program and the program was helpful to the students. Program workers' views toward the implementation of the Tier 1 Program were positive across different grades and program implementation modes. In conjunction with previous studies, the present findings suggest that the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. is well received by different stakeholders.

Quantitative evaluation of the revised training program Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong

In the extension phase of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in Hong Kong, potential implementers received 20 h of training (7 h of e-learning and 13 h of interactive training). Subjective outcome evaluation was conducted to evaluate the training workshops conducted in the first year of the extension phase based on the responses of 812 participants. The subjective outcome evaluation form was found to be internally consistent. Percentage findings showed that the respondents had favorable perceptions of the training program including its content, trainers, participants themselves and arrangements. The participants also felt that they had acquired knowledge, positive attitudes and skills related to the implementation of the program. The findings showed that the revised training program was effective in helping the participants to acquire the necessary knowledge, attitudes, and skills in the implementation of the program.

A stakeholder-collaborative evaluation of intervention for students with greater psychosocial needs

The Tier 2 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in Hong Kong was designed and implemented by school social workers targeting adolescents with greater psychosocial needs. Based on the responses of 237 participants, 48 program implementers wrote down five conclusions on the program effectiveness in their reports submitted to the funding body. Based on a stakeholder-collaborative approach involving secondary data analyses, results showed that most conclusions were positive regarding participants' perceptions of the program, instructors and their perceived program effectiveness, although there were also conclusions reflecting difficulties encountered and suggestions for improvements. In conjunction with the previous evaluation findings, the present study suggests that the Tier 2 Program was well received by the stakeholders and the program was beneficial to the development of the program participants.

Interim Evaluation of the Project P.A.T.H.S.: Findings Based on Different Datasets

Interim evaluation studies were carried out in order to examine the implementation details of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in Hong Kong. Quantitative results of the interim evaluation findings based on eight datasets collected from 2006 to 2009 are reported in this paper. Three hundred and seventy-eight schools were randomly selected to provide information on the implementation details of the program via face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, and self-completed questionnaires. Results showed that a majority of the workers perceived that the students had positive responses to the program and the program was helpful to the students. In conjunction with other process evaluation findings, the present study suggests that the implementation quality of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. is high. The present study also provides support for the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.

Evaluation of the Project P.A.T.H.S. Based on Students’ Weekly Diaries: Findings from Eight Datasets

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (positive adolescent training through holistic social programmes) based on eight datasets collected between 2005 and 2009. A total of 1,138 students who participated in the program were randomly invited (from the whole grade or in some classes) to write a piece of journal in the form of a weekly diary in order to reveal their perceptions and feelings regarding the program and the perceived benefits of the program. Based on an integration of findings from different databases, results showed that the respondents generally (1) had positive views on the program, (2) had positive views on the instructors, and (3) perceived that they had acquired competencies at the societal, school, familial, interpersonal, and personal levels after joining the program. Acknowledging the limitations of diaries, the present qualitative findings provide support for the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.

Qualitative Evaluation of Project P.A.T.H.S.: An Integration of Findings Based on Program Participants

An integration of the qualitative evaluation findings collected in different cohorts of students who participated in Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) (n = 252 students in 29 focus groups) was carried out. With specific focus on how the informants described the program, results showed that the descriptions were mainly positive in nature, suggesting that the program was well received by the program participants. When the informants were invited to name three metaphors that could stand for the program, positive metaphors were commonly used. Beneficial effects of the program in different psychosocial domains were also voiced by the program participants. The qualitative findings integrated in this paper provide further support for the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. in promoting holistic development in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong.

Qualitative evaluation of the project P.A.T.H.S.: an integration of findings based on program implementers.

An integration of the qualitative evaluation findings collected from program implementers conducting the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in different years (n = 177 participants in 36 focus groups) was carried out. General qualitative data analyses utilizing intra and interrater reliability techniques were performed. Results showed that the descriptors used to describe the program and the metaphors named by the informants that could stand for the program were generally positive in nature. Program participants also perceived the program to be beneficial to the development of the students in different psychosocial domains. The present study further supports the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong based on the perspective of the program implementers.

Participants’ Evaluation of the Project P.A.T.H.S.: Are Findings Based on Different Datasets Consistent?

Subjective outcome evaluation findings based on the perspective of the participants of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in nine datasets collected from 2005 to 2009 (n = 206, 313 program participants) were examined in this paper. Based on the consolidated data with schools as units, results showed that the participants generally had positive perceptions of the program, implementers, and benefits of the program. More than four-fifths of the participants regarded the program as beneficial to their holistic development. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the perceived qualities of the program and the program implementers predicted perceived effectiveness of the program. Based on the subjective outcome evaluation findings, the present study provides support for the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.

Evaluation of a Positive Youth Development Program Based on the Repertory Grid Test

The repertory grid test, based on personal construct psychology, was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in Hong Kong. One hundred and four program participants (n = 104) were randomly invited to complete a repertory grid based on personal construct theory in order to provide both quantitative and qualitative data for measuring self-identity changes after joining the program. Findings generally showed that the participants perceived that they understood themselves better and had stronger resilience after joining the program. Participants also saw themselves as closer to their ideal selves and other positive role figures (but farther away from a loser) after joining the program. This study provides additional support for the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. in the Chinese context. This study also shows that the repertory grid test is a useful evaluation method to measure self-identity changes in participants in positive youth development programs.

Secondary Data Analyses of Subjective Outcome Evaluation Data Based on Nine Databases

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in Hong Kong by analyzing 1,327 school-based program reports submitted by program implementers. In each report, program implementers were invited to write down five conclusions based on an integration of the subjective outcome evaluation data collected from the program participants and program implementers. Secondary data analyses were carried out by aggregating nine databases, with 14,390 meaningful units extracted from 6,618 conclusions. Results showed that most of the conclusions were positive in nature. The findings generally showed that the workers perceived the program and program implementers to be positive, and they also pointed out that the program could promote holistic development of the program participants in societal, familial, interpersonal, and personal aspects. However, difficulties encountered during program implementation (2.15%) and recommendations for improvement were also reported (16.26%). In conjunction with the evaluation findings based on other strategies, the present study suggests that the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. is beneficial to the holistic development of the program participants.

Helping Adolescents with Greater Psychosocial Needs: Subjective Outcome Evaluation Based on Different Cohorts

The Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) is designed to help students with greater psychosocial needs. This paper examines nine sets of subjective outcome evaluation data collected from 2005 to 2009 (n = 60, 241 participants). Based on the consolidated data with schools as units, results showed that participants generally had positive perceptions of the program, implementers, and benefits of the program. The subjective outcome evaluation instrument was found to be internally consistent. Multiple regression analysis revealed that perceived qualities of the program and the program implementers predicted perceived effectiveness of the program. The present study provides support for the effectiveness of the Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.