Positive Adjectives Research Articles

The impact of catholic titles on the perception and aestheticisation of violence in figurative paintings

ABSTRACT The impact of Catholic Titles on figurative paintings depicting violence were studied using both explicit and implicit measures. When paintings were described as Catholic, they were significantly rated as more beautiful and interesting, and less violent than when they were described as Non-Catholic. Therefore, demonstrating that Catholic themes associated with these artworks overshadow their violent content. This was demonstrated via hedonic ratings. Thus, suggesting an aestheticisation of violent imagery when connected to Catholic themes. Implicit responses, assessed using the Implicit Association Test, showed faster responses when Violent Catholic Paintings were associated Positive Adjectives and slower responses were associated when violent Non-Catholic Paintings were associated with Negative Adjectives. These implicit responses confirm previous explicit results.

A Case Study of Negated Adjectives in Commuters’ Twitter Complaints

In today’s digital society, social networks such as Twitter are a preferred place for expressing one’s emotions, especially when they are negative. Despite a growing interest in the variety of linguistic realizations of commuters’ complaints, little attention has so far been paid to writers’ choices, especially when morphologically or syntactically simpler alternative formulations are available. A typical example is the “inference towards the antonym” triggered by the negation of contrary adjectives, an effect that is stronger for positive compared to negative adjectives. In the context of railway transport, a customer could use the negative statement The train is not clean instead of the corresponding affirmative sentence The train is dirty. It remains unclear, in our current state of knowledge, why online customers would prefer more complex constructions to voice their criticisms. Based on a large corpus of tweets sent to the French and Belgian national railway companies by their customers, I have semi-automatically extracted instances of not (very) + adjective (ADJ). Based on previous observations in the literature, I expected positive adjectives to be more frequently used in these negative environments compared to negative ones. As recent research demonstrates that one’s desire to save the interlocutor’s face is not necessarily the only reason why positive adjectives are used in linguistically negative environments, other motivations will also be considered. More precisely, I suggest that in a context where negativity is prevalent, customers using negated positive adjectives kill two birds with one stone: not only do they signal an issue with a product or a service, pointing to expectations that have not been met by the company, but they also mitigate the impact of their negative comments to the positive face of the service managers with whom they are interacting. By offering a quantitative, corpus-based analysis of negative constructions, complemented by a qualitative linguistic analysis of selected examples, this research sheds new light on users’ lexical choices in online negative customer feedback.

Adjectives in the Summary Paragraph of the MSPE: Are They Telling Us Something?

Rationale and ObjectivesMany US medical schools do not provide a summative, comparative assessment of students (class rank), instead utilizing descriptive adjectives in the summary paragraph of the Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE). The objective of this study was to determine whether those adjectives correlate with student performance. Materials and MethodsApplications from all US allopathic medical schools received by a single diagnostic radiology program in the 2023-24 cycle were reviewed. The final adjectives from schools that rank students were coded as positive, negative, or neutral. For students from non-ranking schools, descriptive adjectives from the MSPE summary paragraphs were extracted and categorized based on the final adjective coding schema along with a library of commonly used positive adjectives. The frequency of adjectives was correlated with applicant academic and demographic factors using multivariable logistic regression. ResultsApplications from 97% (147/151) of US allopathic medical schools were received. 60.5% (89/147) of schools rank their students with 27.9% (41/147) using a final adjective coded to performance tier. Of the 58 non-ranking schools, 56.9% (33/58) used descriptive adjectives in the MSPE’s summary paragraph. There was no association with academic performance metrics and either generally positive adjectives or coded descriptive adjectives. There was a greater association with positive descriptive adjectives for non-white applicants (p=0.011) and generally positive adjectives for higher ranked schools (p=0.004). ConclusionUndefined descriptive adjectives in the MSPE’s summary paragraph, when benchmarked to final adjectives, do not correlate with academic performance, and may instead be used for student advocacy by medical school deans.

Examining Linguistic Differences in Electronic Health Records for Diverse Patients With Diabetes: Natural Language Processing Analysis.

Individuals from minoritized racial and ethnic backgrounds experience pernicious and pervasive health disparities that have emerged, in part, from clinician bias. We used a natural language processing approach to examine whether linguistic markers in electronic health record (EHR) notes differ based on the race and ethnicity of the patient. To validate this methodological approach, we also assessed the extent to which clinicians perceive linguistic markers to be indicative of bias. In this cross-sectional study, we extracted EHR notes for patients who were aged 18 years or older; had more than 5 years of diabetes diagnosis codes; and received care between 2006 and 2014 from family physicians, general internists, or endocrinologists practicing in an urban, academic network of clinics. The race and ethnicity of patients were defined as White non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, or Hispanic or Latino. We hypothesized that Sentiment Analysis and Social Cognition Engine (SEANCE) components (ie, negative adjectives, positive adjectives, joy words, fear and disgust words, politics words, respect words, trust verbs, and well-being words) and mean word count would be indicators of bias if racial differences emerged. We performed linear mixed effects analyses to examine the relationship between the outcomes of interest (the SEANCE components and word count) and patient race and ethnicity, controlling for patient age. To validate this approach, we asked clinicians to indicate the extent to which they thought variation in the use of SEANCE language domains for different racial and ethnic groups was reflective of bias in EHR notes. We examined EHR notes (n=12,905) of Black non-Hispanic, White non-Hispanic, and Hispanic or Latino patients (n=1562), who were seen by 281 physicians. A total of 27 clinicians participated in the validation study. In terms of bias, participants rated negative adjectives as 8.63 (SD 2.06), fear and disgust words as 8.11 (SD 2.15), and positive adjectives as 7.93 (SD 2.46) on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being extremely indicative of bias. Notes for Black non-Hispanic patients contained significantly more negative adjectives (coefficient 0.07, SE 0.02) and significantly more fear and disgust words (coefficient 0.007, SE 0.002) than those for White non-Hispanic patients. The notes for Hispanic or Latino patients included significantly fewer positive adjectives (coefficient -0.02, SE 0.007), trust verbs (coefficient -0.009, SE 0.004), and joy words (coefficient -0.03, SE 0.01) than those for White non-Hispanic patients. This approach may enable physicians and researchers to identify and mitigate bias in medical interactions, with the goal of reducing health disparities stemming from bias.

Cognitive Contrastive Study on Subjectivity in Political Discourse

Abstract Subjectivity is one of the essential features of discourse. A framework for analyzing subjectivity was constructed, and based on the framework, contrastive analysis of subjectivity in political discourse was explored. Both the method of introspection in linguistics and the statistical method in mathematics were employed. Our findings demonstrate that (1) concerning speaker’s perspective, the person deixis “we/us” and the distance deixis “this” are largely used in the two inaugural addresses, but Obama uses the person deixis “they/them” to show his respect for the selfless Americans, while Trump uses the person deixis “you” more to show his desire to win support; (2) concerning speaker’s emotion, both Presidents use positive adjectives frequently. However, Obama used more negative adjectives in his inaugural address, expressing his concern about the current dilemma. Trump uses emphatic adjectives more often, showing Trump’s emphasis on justice; (3) concerning the speaker’s cognition, both Presidents make extensive use of the dynamic modal verb “will” to reduce public resistance to their development plans. Obama uses the dynamic modal verb “can” to show his sober cognition of the current conditions of the United States, while Trump uses the epistemic modal verb “will” to express his confidence in future development. The study lays a theoretical foundation for the contrastive analysis of subjectivity in political discourse.

Representation of Male and Female Characters in Woolf’s Selected Fictions: A Corpus Based Stylistic Analysis

The present research comprises a corpus-based stylistic analysis of Woolf’s selected fiction, To the Lighthouse and Mrs Dalloway. This study aims to examine the representation of men and women in the chosen texts. For this purpose, adjectives have been chosen from both novels that have been employed with both male and female characters. The methodology utilized is mixed-method which merges the qualitative analysis with the quantitative one. The examples of tables along with concordance lines are taken from a specialized corpus of two novels with the aid of the software LancsBox (Version 6.0). The present study has revealed that the terms man and woman have occurred 184 times and 119 times respectively. The use of positive adjectives with male characters is more frequent than with female characters. Male characters portrayed by Virginia Woolf are shown as dominating, autonomous, and powerful. The adjectives employed with men are mostly related to their status and personality. Whereas, negative adjectives used with women reflect their demeaning, struggling, and inferior status. Actually, Woolf has employed adjectives to counteract gender bias in her chosen works, though she has portrayed women in a negative light and men in a positive light. This research will prove as a great contribution to the emerging field of corpus linguistics, integrating corpus studies with gender studies and it will recommend further investigation regarding gender roles in multiple contexts.

The Reporting of Brigadier J Murder on Indonesian Police’s Official News Media: Corpus-Based Discourse Analysis

This study aimed to analyze the discourses in news articles regarding the Brigadier J murder reported by the Indonesian Police’s official news media & the attempts of the institution in framing the image of the Indonesian Police in handling the murder case through particular words used by the institution’s news media. Further, this study used the descriptive qualitative method as its methodological approach & the corpus-based discourse analysis method as its theoretical approach. The data in this study were taken from news articles from Indonesian Police’s official news media website. The results of the study showed that the relevant keyword used by Indonesian Police news media to frame the murder case of Brigadier J case is the word murder and or premeditated murder. Besides, the way Indonesian Police online news media frame the image of the institution is by distributing positive news about the institution, as well as designating the positions & titles within the names of the officials. Furthermore, the Indonesian Police news media is engaging several positive adjectives to distribute positive images regarding the Police’s accomplishment in handling the murder case of Brigadier J.

How have music emotions been described in Google books? Historical trends and corpus differences

Human records can assist us in understanding real descriptions and expected ideals of music. The present work examined how have music emotions been described in millions of Google books. In general, positive adjectives were more regularly used to describe music than negative adjectives, demonstrating a positivity bias in music. The emotional depiction of music has shifted over time, including a decrease in the frequency of emotional adjectives used in English books over the past two centuries, and a sudden surge in the usage of positive adjectives in simplified Chinese books during China’s Cultural Revolution. Negative adjectives were substantially less employed to describe music in simplified Chinese books than in English books, reflecting cultural differences. Finally, a comparison of different corpora showed that emotion-related adjectives were more frequently used to describe music in fictional literature.

Consumer Attitudes toward Pulses: Measuring the Implicit.

Research into consumer attitudes toward food products is important to help people adopt healthier, more sustainable diets. A positive attitude regarding an object is a prerequisite for its adoption. This study compares French consumers' implicit attitudes toward pulses and cereals. Many studies have measured attitudes by explicit methodologies (e.g., questionnaires). Such methods are often biased by social desirability, and consumers may not be consciously aware of their attitudes toward food. A Sorting Paired Feature Task measures the strength of automatic associations, pairing images of pulses or cereals and adjectives with positive or negative valence. Participants sorted 120 paired stimuli as fast as possible. Pairs composed of pulses and negative adjectives were sorted faster than pairs composed of cereals and negative adjectives. Cereals with positive adjectives were sorted more rapidly than pulses with positive adjectives. Mistaken associations were more frequent for pairs composed of cereals and negative adjectives than for pairs composed of pulses and negative adjectives. These results highlight more negative implicit attitudes toward pulses than cereals. This study provides the first potential evidence of negative implicit attitudes toward pulses, which could explain the low consumption of these products.

66. Narrative Letters of Recommendation and Match Outcomes: How Words Differentiate Applicants

PURPOSE: Letters of recommendation (LORs) are an essential component of residency applications. As grades and Step scores have become pass/fail, programs have fewer objective measures to assess applicants. As a result, even greater emphasis may be given to LORs in residency applications. This study aims to evaluate the role of narrative LORs in Match outcomes. METHODS: From the 2020-21 Match, one hundred first-time applicants from US medical schools were randomly selected. Application characteristics and the narrative LOR text were collected from residency applications. Match outcomes and LOR author demographics were determined from publicly available data. Characteristics of LOR text, such as word count (WC) and word frequency percentages, were calculated using the linguistics software Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count 2015. A bag-of-words classification model designed in Matlab R2022b was used to predict Match outcomes based purely on word frequency variation. The text of 299 LORs was used to train the model, and its accuracy was assessed with 52 LORs. The bag-of-words classification model also identified the words most likely to predict Match outcomes, which were termed “differentiation words.” RESULTS: Of the one hundred applicants included in this study, 69% of applicants matched into a PGY-1 plastic surgery residency position. Although most (57%) applicants were female, only 18.7% of letter writers were female. On average, female applicants had LORs with higher WCs (453 vs. 417, p=0.0497). Additionally, female letter writers wrote higher WC LORs for applicants (475 vs. 429, p=0.045). No differences in WC were observed based on academic rank. For applicants who successfully matched, their LORs averaged a significantly higher WC (463 vs. 375, p<0.0001). The bag-of-words classification model was able to predict outcomes based on the LOR text alone with an accuracy of 91.4%. The word frequency of “differentiation words” was also significantly higher in the LORs of those who matched (2.59% vs. 2.22%, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that even in the absence of numeric data such as Step 1 scores and publication metrics, the written language in LORs can stratify applicants. This work suggests that highly descriptive and positive adjectives such as “bright” and “excellent” are important keywords for evaluators to include in LORs to indicate applicant strength. Finally, plastic surgery programs may consider using machine learning algorithms to assess LORs, not only to save residency programs time but also to mitigate individual reviewer bias.

Stereotypical Images of Ukrainians and Russians in a HumanitarianCrisis: Multicultural Perspectives

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This article aims to map the stereotypical image of Ukrainians and Russians from a cross-cultural perspective in the context of the ongoing armed conflict.&#x0D; RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem concerns the cultural differences that are revealed in the perception of representatives of the two nationalities that are involved in the armed conflict. Since stereotypical judgements are most often revealed in language, an adjective check list was used for the study. A sample of 92 Polish and Slovenian students took part in the study. The collected linguistic material was used to analyse and compare cross-cultural stereotypical judgements about Ukrainian and Russian citizens.&#x0D; THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The argument begins with theoretical perspectives on the concept of stereotyping and the process of stereotyping. The role of language in the stereotyping process is analysed. An analysis of the results and conclusions is presented.&#x0D; RESEARCHRESULTS: In general, Polish students attribute fewer positive adjectives than Slovenian students to both Ukrainians and Russians. The analysis revealed significant statistical differences as well as similarities between the researched groups of Polish and Slovenian students in terms of the stereotypical image of Ukrainians and Russians.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS: Empirical evidence shows that Polish and Slovenian students have more in common in their perception of Russians, while they perceive Ukrainians quite differently. The linguistic characteristics obtained in this study provide a general insight into the perceptions of the two nationalities involved in the war. It should also be noted that these characteristics of Ukrainians and Russians may constitute socially important knowledge on the negative stereotypes about these nationalities. This knowledge may be useful in challenging counteracting or disseminating such judgements, which may be harmful and lead to prejudice or discrimination against people from the nationalities studied.&#x0D;

Content Analysis of Tourism Section of Davao Oriental Official Websites

This study identified the extent of language use in the tourism pages of the official websites of the province. The text and images of six tourism pages were subjected to qualitative content analysis, and data were coded to identify the linguistic features and discursive techniques employed by the tourism officers in promoting and motivating potential clients to visit tourism destinations in the province. The common lexical features were positive adjectives and use of proper nouns for descriptions while the syntactic features were declaratives in active voice, imperatives in the form of commands and requests, and interrogatives in the form of wh-questions. In addition, modality includes brightness, color contrast, and perspective; while the salience composes of perspective, relative size, and sharpness of objects in focus. The use of collage features three to six photos with descriptive texts and participants such as people captured in photos. On the discursive techniques, the tourism administrators employed the techniques to inform such practical necessities for decision-making like cognitive necessities, to persuade through manipulation, and to direct in the form of directives.

Behavioral and electrophysiological analyses of self-referential neural processing in major depressive disorder.

Cognitive theories suggest that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) constantly negatively evaluate their self-referential information. Unlike Westerners with an independent self, self-representation is strongly influenced by cultural differences; the Chinese self may include others (interdependent self). This study uses a self-referential effect task combined with event-related potentials (ERP), and 34 patients with MDD and 54 healthy controls (HC) were asked to judge whether an adjective was suitable for describing the self, mother, or a public person, followed by an unexpected recognition task. They were required to judge whether a word was presented during the encoding phase. The results reveal that during the encoding phase, for both self- and mother-referential adjectives, patients with MDD endorsed fewer positive adjectives and more negative adjectives than the HCs. During the recognition phase, both groups showed a typical task effect (self=mother>other), while patients recognized more self-referential adjectives than the HCs. ERP data reveal that patients with MDD show larger P2 amplitudes during the encoding stage than healthy individuals. During the recognition phase, negative adjectives evoked larger P2 amplitudes in patients than in HCs under the self-referential condition. These findings shed important light on the information processes that may contribute to our understanding of depression and may offer implications for clinical interventions.

Space-valence mapping of social concepts: Do we arrange negative and positive ethnic stereotypes from left to right?

The body-specificity hypothesis states that in right-handers, positive concepts should be associated with the right side and negative concepts with the left side of the body. Following this hypothesis, our study postulated that negative out-group ethnic stereotypes would be associated with the left side, and positive in-group stereotypes would be associated with the right side. The experiment consisted of two parts. First, we measured the spatial mapping of ethnic stereotypes by using a sensibility judgment task, in which participants had to decide whether a sentence was sensible or not by pressing either a left or a right key. The sentences included German vs. Arabic proper names. Second, we measured implicit ethnic stereotypes in the same participants using the Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT), in which Arabic vs. German proper names were presented in combination with positive vs. negative adjectives. Right-handed German native speakers (N = 92) participated in an online study. As predicted, in the GNAT, participants reacted faster to German names combined with positive adjectives and to Arabic names combined with negative adjectives, which is diagnostic of existing valenced in-and outgroup ethnic stereotypes. However, we failed to find any reliable effects in the sensibility judgment task, i.e., there was no evidence of spatial mapping of positive and negative ethnic stereotypes. There was no correlation between the results of the two tasks at the individual level. Further Bayesian analysis and exploratory analysis in the left-handed subsample (N = 9) corroborated the evidence in favor of null results. Our study suggests that ethnic stereotypes are not automatically mapped in a body-specific manner.

Discourse analysis of fast food advertisements

This qualitative discourse analysis aimed to identify the different linguistic features used by fast food owners in their advertisements. This also explored the propaganda techniques found in fifteen (15) linguistic corpora and the meaning it communicated towards the target consumers. Data revealed that on the textual level of analysis, fast food chain advertisements used direct address, imperatives, disjunctive syntax, positive adjectives and personal pronouns. On the discursive level of analysis, the different propaganda techniques were celebrity endorsement, weasel words, promotional advertising, bribe, facts and statistics, bandwagon, advertising jingles and target audience. Fast-food chains are preferred by many people especially working or busy person, they find it advantageous because they serve food very fast, cheap, and easily replace home-cooked meals. The issues concerning fast food today are the health concerns in which their food menus are cooked by a large amount of oil and butter that tends to be high in fat, sugar and sodium. People today, particularly teenagers and kids are so obsessed with fast foods and are willing to go to great lengths to achieve their desires. Fast-food advertisements can control or power over consumers.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Pantene Advertisement

Advertisement is one mass media used to inform, persuade and change people's perspective on the world. This research aims to analyze Pantene advertisement’s textual features, discourse practice, and socio-cultural practice. The method of this research is a qualitative approach. This research uses a critical discourse analysis approach with Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The data source was taken from videos in Pantene advertisements with the English Version and their translation taken from YouTube. The result of this research is in the textual feature of Pantene Advertisement using a first personal pronoun, additive conjunction, positive adjective, and negative adjective. In the discourse practice, the advertisers create the advertisement to show that they are trying to display the beauty standards that have been circulating in society regarding how the ideal hair should be. And the targets of this Pantene advertisement are teenagers who want to have perfect hair, which is to have long, black, and shiny hair. In the situational level, Pantene advertisement was launched because many people have not maintained hair conditions, and in the institutional, the advertisers present various innovations in their production. This is assumed to have implications for what the community wants. In the social feature, Pantene contributes to the circulation of beauty products, especially in the hair care section. Pantene consistently innovates following developments in society, so many products from Pantene are in demand to beautify the appearance of their hair. Advertisers show their power by advertising the products they make.

A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of Garnier Green Beauty Advertisement

This study investigates how a multinational cosmetic company uses its advertising to promote green cosmetics in Indonesia. Using Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA), the study analyzes how Garnier utilized linguistics features and discourse strategies and positioned their customers in the Garnier Green Beauty advertisement. The analysis revealed that Garnier employed some linguistic features (e.g., positive adjectives, pronouns, repetitions, etc.) and scientific-sounding words as a discourse strategy in the advertisement. It was also found that Garnier made a deliberate marketing decision to employ advertising, positioning their customer as empowered actors to create socio-environmental change. The findings also discuss the features distinguishing green cosmetics advertisements from typical ones.

Renting vs. Owning: Public Stereotypes of Housing Consumption Decision From the Perspective of Confucian Culture: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials.

The ideas of face consciousness, group conformity, extended family concept, and crisis consciousness in Confucian culture have a subtle and far-reaching impact on housing consumption decision among the Chinese public, forming a housing consumption model of “preferring to own a house rather than rent one.” The poor interaction between the housing rental market and the sales market caused by the shortage of rental demand and irrational purchasing behaviors has led to soaring house prices and imbalance between supply and demand that prevail in major cities in China. To gain a deeper understanding of public cognitive attitude toward decisions on owning and renting a house, this study divided the subjects into high and low impact groups based on the overall Confucian culture and four subdimensions. It attempts to take a cognitive neuroscience approach for assessing public stereotypes of housing consumption decision with different types based on the analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs). The results are as follows. First, overall, there is an obvious implicit stereotype of renting a house and explicit stereotype of owning a house among the public. Second, ERPs data show that descriptions of renting a house with positive adjectives could evoke more significant N400 responses. In other words, in the heuristic system, the public perceive that renting a house is restrictive, stressful, unhappy, and crisis. Data from subjective reports show that, after processing information in the analytic system, the public tend to think that owning a house is self-contained, restful, warm, and comfortable. Third, a more negative stereotype of renting a house exists in the high Confucian culture influence group (HIC) Group than in the low Confucian culture influence group (LIC) Group, and is more inclined to own a home. Fourth, under the Confucian culture sub-dimension, there are differences in housing consumption stereotypes between high and low groups in terms of extended family concept, group conformity, and crisis consciousness. Fifth, the moderating effect analysis found that perceived usefulness, trust in the rental market, and policy perception can be important factors in guiding public housing consumption stereotypes.

Construing the Textual Features, Discourse Practice and the Socio-Cultural Practice of a Wardah Renew You Series Advertisement: A Critical Discourse Analysis

This study reports the textual features, discourse practice, and socio-cultural practice in the Wardah Renew You Series advertisement. The objectives of this study are to analyze the textual features, the discourse practice and the socio-cultural practice used in the Wardah Renew You Series advertisement. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected from the Wardah Renew You Series advertisement uploaded on the Wardah Beauty Malaysia YouTube channel. The data of this study are phrases and clauses representing the textual features, discourse practice and social-cultural practice. In this study, the writers used Fairclough's three-dimensional models to analyze the data of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The textual features found in the Wardah Renew You Series advertisement are the use of the pronoun 'your', the use of the conjunction 'and', and the use of specific vocabulary. The use of specific vocabulary in this advertisement is a positive adjective. In the discourse practice, the producer of the advertisement is Wardah, and the main target of the advertisement is women aged 25 years and over. In social-cultural practice, there are three levels, namely situational, institutional, and social. On a situational level, the Wardah Renew You Series advertisement was launched along with the emergence of a new beauty campaign carried by Wardah, namely "Feel The New You". Moreover, Wardah also introduced Fenita Arie as the new brand ambassador. This advertisement is not associated with any institution. For the social level, the Wardah Renew You Series advertisement uses words that can influence and invite people, especially women aged 25 years and over, to be confident in their beauty and not worry about premature aging.

Undesirable framing effects in information systems projects: Analysis of adjective usage in IS project business cases

Many information systems (IS) projects encounter significant problems. The literature suggests that decision-makers can be misled by overoptimistic estimates. We argue that such overoptimism may also be present in the choice of language in business cases. In this study, we analyzed the usage of such framing in 20 business cases for large IS projects of the Dutch government. Our findings show that newly proposed systems are systematically framed using positive adjectives, whereas the existing systems are framed using negative adjectives. This pattern of framing may subconsciously bias the decision-makers toward investing in new IS projects.