Position Of Holders Research Articles

Experimental study on the explosion‐resistant performance of blast walls and doors of gas facilities

AbstractThis study aims to provide experimental data necessary for the validation of the test conditions given in the current standard for high‐pressure gas facility KGS FU111. A series of experiments were conducted in a shock tube on 15 specimens (walls and doors) constructed according to the design recommendations in KGS FP112. The design elements of 12 walls are the materials, the thickness, and the holder positions, while the 3 doors were made of steel plates with different types and structures. The shock tube tester used in dividual specimens were exposed to blast overpressure of 0.11 or 0.17 MPa. From the acquired data and visual inspection, we conclude that the current designs of blast mitigation for high‐pressure gas‐storage facilities in KGS FP112 are acceptable for an accidental overpressure of up to 0.17 MPa, provided that both sides of the wall are supported by auxiliary structures such as adjacent barriers. Furthermore, the walls and doors as in KGS FP112 show comparable protection performances. Nevertheless, recommendations for doors are as follows: it may require additional latches and remain closed, and when designing the facility, the doorway may be located in a place with less possibility of direct exposure to the overpressure.

Kedudukan Pemegang Polis dan Pekerja Dalam Hal Terjadinya Kepailitan Pada Perusahaan Asuransi

The aims of this study are 1) to find out and analyze the legal position of policy holders and workers according to laws and regulations in Indonesia, 2) to find out and analyze the regulations regarding protection for policy holders and workers who have provided legal protection or vice versa. This research uses normative juridical research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. Based on the research results obtained, it can be seen that the position of policy and workers holders in insurance companies that are declared bankrupt through decisions determined by the commercial court is as preferred creditors. In this case, there is a conflict regarding the fulfillment of the rights of policy holders and workers, so to resolve the problem of conflict, legal principles are needed. In this case, the principle of lex posterior derogat legi priori is used, namely that new laws and regulations override old laws and regulations. The Insurance Law is a longer statutory regulation than the Job Creation Replacement Law, so the position of workers in insurance companies that are declared bankrupt has a higher position than the position of policy holders. In terms of the order of fulfillment of rights between the policy holder and the worker, the worker must be paid first. The forms of legal protection for policy holders are regulated in the Civil Code, POJK Insurance and Marketing of Insurance Products, OJK Law, Consumer Protection Law, Bankruptcy and PKPU Law, and Insurance Law. Legal protection for workers is regulated in the Civil Code, Bankruptcy and PKPU Law, PP on Wages, Job Creation Replacement Law, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 67/PUU-XI/2013.

Preventive Legal Protection of Trademarks in Indonesia Based on Law Number 20 Of 2016 Concerning Marks and Geographical Indications

The legal system of intellectual property rights in Indonesia requires the registration of marks regulated in Article 1 paragraph 5 of the Trademark Law, namely, the right to a mark is an exclusive right granted by the state to registered trademark owners for a certain period of time by using the mark themselves or giving permission for others to use it. The emphasis in the article is that the right to a mark is created due to registration and not because of the first use, as stipulated in Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications. Intellectual Property Rights have provided legal protection for individuals who have made discoveries or inventions, putting these individuals in the position of holders of Intellectual Property Rights and granting them exclusive rights to reproduce, manufacture, sell, and distribute his inventions. Apart from giving exclusive rights to inventors, intellectual property rights also provide protection for brand holders, which are usually used to describe reputation (quality), indicating differences between one company and another regarding the existence and goods it produces.

The die holder interaction variable analysis of 1D2B screw heading machine and its adjustment algorithm design

Die forming is a key process in a production line of metal screw manufacturing, the most commonly used industrial process equipment type is one-die two-blow (1D2B) heading machine. Current solutions for die holder adjustment among manufacturers rely mostly on inheritance of experience. The lack of systemized solutions for fundamental machine tuning causes a gap in technological and intelligent upgrade. This study analyzed the most difficult eccentric tuning of the 1D2B heading machine. The adjustment behaviour of die holder from first blow and second blow were systemized, and the relevant interaction was divided into the following procedures: first die eccentric component adjustment, second die eccentric component adjustment, decoupling of interactions, and precompensation process design. The dimensional differences corresponding to die holder adjustment mechanisms were used to allow operators to implement the adjustments sequentially to complete die holder tuning. This study developed a systemized tuning procedure based on designed algorithm. In the developed procedure, precompensation coupling design was conducted for effectively reducing tuning errors. Tuning based on the proposed procedure enabled the precise adjustment of the die holder positions relative to the eccentric errors of corresponding manufacturing dimensions. The developed procedure can solve the problems of manual trial-and-error operations and excessive abrasion of the die holder resulting from unstable tuning qualities. Key parameters proposed by one type of heading machine, such as equipment die holder’s adjusted pitch, die center distance, and position of the axis of rotation, were examined regarding the proposed adjustments to verify the feasibility of the systemized tuning method.

Mothers and Children Doing Mathematics Together: Implications for Teacher Learning

Background/Context: There is much to understand about how parents and children interact around mathematics, particularly with families whose home language is different from the children’s main language of schooling. Families of immigrant origin are likely to bring experiences and knowledge that may be different from what their children’s schools expect or value. Educators can benefit greatly from a better understanding of these experiences and the nature of the parent–child mathematical interactions. Purpose/Focus of Study: Learning about and from the nature of parent–child mathematical interactions can support the in-school learning of mathematics of bilingual children. We use positioning theory to explore the question, “What are the positions in parent–child interactions during mathematics tasks?” Setting: The context for our study is workshops designed to engage families in explorations of mathematical tasks from the school curriculum, with a focus on conceptual understanding and problem-solving. The workshops were bilingual; most parents were of Mexican origin and had Spanish as their primary language, while their children were being taught in English at school. The workshops built on two related theoretical concepts: funds of knowledge and parents as intellectual resources. Research Design: This study focuses on interactions between parents and children around mathematics. We did a purposeful selection of video clips from the workshop recordings. In this article, we focus on two cases that present two different contexts, a game situation and a more school-like mathematics activity. We used positioning theory to interpret how the mothers and children related with each other and therefore interactively positioned themselves and each other. Findings: In both cases, mothers and daughters held the position of knowledge holders, and their positions changed in moment-to-moment interactions. Also, while at times, the mothers exerted a position of authority as mothers, they did not use this position to impose their views; rather, they engaged with their daughters in the learning process. The mothers and their daughters drew on their everyday ways of being (e.g., playfulness, translanguaging) in their mathematical interactions. The interactions showed instances of co-learning, that is, adapting and learning from each other. Conclusions/Recommendations: The mothers and daughters in this study drew on their everyday ways of being, including their cultural and linguistic funds of knowledge, during the mathematical interactions. Teachers can improve their practice by learning about these interactions. It is important to explore how educators can develop co-learning environments in the classroom that support collaborative sense-making.

The Effect of Electrode Movements on Inductive Reactance in a Submerged Arc Furnace

This work discusses the effect of electrode movements on inductive reactance in a submerged arc furnace. A 3D model has been developed in ANSYS Maxwell using an eddy current solver that considers alternating current (AC). The model includes transformers, busbars, and the whole furnace. The furnace model contains electrodes, main arcs, craters, crater walls, and side arcs that connect the electrode and crater wall are taken into account for each phase. Other furnace parts such as carbon block, steel shell, and alumina brick are also incorporated. Results such as system resistance, active and reactive power distributions, and the power factors are presented. The results showed that between 68% and 76% of the reactive power comes from the Farfiled. The electrodes' contribution to the reactive power is between 3.5% and 6% due to the change of electrode length. Reactive power distributions in carbide and charge are more affected by the tip positions rather than the holder positions.

An Overview of the Hybrid Illinois Device for Research and Applications Material Analysis Test-stand (HIDRA-MAT)

The Hybrid Illinois Device for Research and Applications (HIDRA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a toroidal plasma device that enables fusion plasma-material interaction testing with both stellarator and tokamak plasmas. HIDRA’s long-pulse steady state stellarator plasmas provide a testbed for plasma facing component (PFC) plasma exposures. The HIDRA Material Analysis Test-stand (HIDRA-MAT) is a material characterization module attached to HIDRA that is being designed and fabricated to include thermal desorption spectroscopy and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy systems for in-vacuo PFC characterization. A specialized rotatable sample holder positions the sample for liquid metal droplet application from a liquid metal droplet injector on HIDRA-MAT. Early experiments look to investigate the effect liquid lithium has on porous tungsten samples’ retention of H, D, and He after plasma exposure. Preliminary results from a dual residual gas analyzer system show the ability to differentiate D2 and He in HIDRA-MAT. This work aims to advance the understanding of liquid metal PFCs and further the design and development of new fusion PFCs and technologies.

The position of shareholders in the restructuring proceedings of distressed companies: From a shareholders' veto power to their duty to enforce (Aufopferungs‐ or Duldungspflicht) a restructuring plan

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of the position of equity holders in restructuring proceedings, tackling a new issue in the overall European scenario of insolvency law, where innovative rules have been introduced on this topic in Germany (ESUG), France (loi Macron), Spain (ley concursal), besides the new provisions laid down by the EU Preventive Restructuring Directive. Overall, these rules target the same outcome, while relying on different tools, namely, to overcome the veto power of shareholders in the enforcement of an approved and confirmed restructuring plan. Shareholders can in fact resort to their veto power pursuant to company law when dealing with structural operations having an impact on the property structure of a distressed company, that is, a debt‐equity‐swap. This article focuses on the rules governing the position of shareholders as laid down in Article 163, paragraph 5 and Article 185, paragraph 6 of the Italian Insolvency Law (IIL), in force since 2015, which will be probably amended in September 2021 by Articles 90 and 118 of the new Italian Crisis and Insolvency Code (ICC). The article ultimately provides a comparison with the legal framework in other European countries as well as in the EU Preventive Restructuring Directive. Many issues arise from the new Italian regulation, in particular regarding its field of application, its relationship and its coordination with company law and the protection of shareholders' property in the shares.

Work experience influence on the knowledge sharing barriers perceived significance by higher educational institutions administrative employees

The article describes the influence of the work experience of the administrative employees of the higher educational institutions on the perceived significance of knowledge sharing barriers faced by them in their work activities. The methodology suggests testing the relationship between the work experience and the 12 knowledge sharing barriers perceived significance (estimated from the positions of the respondent as a knowledge requester and a knowledge holder, thus giving 24 equations) by linear regression modeling. The equations with statistically significant work experience coefficient contain the perceived significance of the knowledge sharing barrier of requested knowledge sensitivity for its holder, both for the respondents' knowledge requester and holder position. On the basis of the educed results, recommendations are given to managers of the higher educational institutions administrative subdivisions regarding mitigating the influence of the barrier of the requested knowledge importance for its holder, especially considering its influence on the employees with smaller work experience. Several recommendations to business practitioners outside of the higher educational institutions are also given, regarding collaboration with such institutions' administrative subdivisions. This article develops the inquiry into the knowledge sharing barriers problem in the higher educational institutions administrative subdivisions, that have not been a specific object of research in knowledge sharing barriers before the research project including the research presented in the current article. A number of further research directions is also suggested.

Knowledge Sharing Barriers in Russian Universities’ Administrative Subdivisions

Thе paper investigates the influence of a set of twelve various nature knowledge sharing barriers (shortly, KSBs) on the knowledge sharing speed and quality in the administrative subdivisions of six leading Russian universities. The respondents have been answering the questionnaire including questions regarding the KSBs’ perceived strength from the knowledge requester and knowledge holder positions, thus creating four models tested via the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 package as linear regression equations. The testing results are showing statistically significant influence of several KSBs on the knowledge sharing speed and quality. The methodology and results of the study have both practical applicability and theoretical value, as administrative subdivisions are considerably unpopular objects of knowledge sharing research in higher educational institutions, in contrast to the research and teaching subdivisions. Several further research development directions are suggested, considering both the sample extension and changes in the research methodology.

What is Left of User Rights? – Algorithmic Copyright Enforcement and Free Speech in the Light of the Article 17 Regime

Article 17 of the Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market (the DSM Directive) has strengthened the protection of copyright holders. Moving forward, online content-sharing providers will be responsible for copyright infringement unless the use of works on their platforms is authorized or if they have made ‘best efforts’ to obtain an authorization and prevent the availability of unlicensed works. At the same time, the Directive has made it clear that users of protected works shall be able to rely on the existing limitations and exceptions regarding quotation, criticism and review and caricature, parody or pastiche. The Directive even casts these limitations and exceptions as user rights. This paper points out that copyright’s limitations and exceptions have traditionally constituted a corner stone in the internal balancing of the interests of users against rights holders and with a clear view of safeguarding the interests of free expression and information protected by the Charter. Given the overall purpose of the DSM Directive in strengthening the position of rights holders, there is a dire risk that the benefits of the limitations and exceptions evaporate in the attempts of platform operators to escape liability by use of algorithmic enforcement. The article uses the recent decisions of the CJEU in Pelham, Funke Medien and Spiegel Online to draw attention to the central importance of the limitations and exception as the primary channel for fundamental rights analyses in copyright. It is finally pointed out how the DSM Directive–despite of its on-the-paper recognition of users’ rights–is most likely going to lead to a devaluation of those same rights.

Simultaneous Online Monitoring of Multiple Reactions Using a Miniature Mass Spectrometer.

Advances in chemical sampling using miniature mass spectrometer technology are used to monitor slow reactions at a frequency of ca. 180 h-1 (on the Mini 12) with no sample carryover and with inline derivatization in the case of poorly ionizing compounds. Moreover, we demonstrate high reproducibility with a relative error of less than 10% for major components. Monitoring is enabled using a continuous-flow nanoelectrospray (CF-nESI) probe contained in a custom-built 3D-printed rotary holder. The holder position is automatically set using a stepper motor controlled by a microcontroller. Reaction progress of up to six reactions, including hydrazone formation and Katritzky transamination, can be monitored simultaneously without carryover for several hours.

Characterization of prompt neutron spectrum of the Missouri University of Science and Technology Reactor

An activation-foil method was used to obtain the energy spectrum of the prompt-neutron flux at the Missouri University of Science and Technology Reactor (MSTR). The foils were irradiated at the center of the reactor core (120W configuration). The neutron spectrum was determined using the unfolding method implemented in the SAND-II code. Multiple foils of dysprosium, vanadium, indium, gold, aluminum, copper, cobalt, silver, nickel, and iron were placed at the source holder position and irradiated for 3min each at 100kW. The foil set cover energies from 0.025eV to 7.2MeV for a broad spectrum analysis. After irradiation, the sample was cooled using water until the dose rate reached a level that allowed safe handling. For each material, both bare and cadmium covers were used to obtain the thermal and epithermal neutron flux. The activity of each foil was determined by counting for 3min with a high-purity germanium detector, and the results were used in SAND-II to obtain the neutron flux spectrum for the MSTR. Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) model was used to obtain the initial guess of the spectrum at the source holder position, which was used as input for SAND-II. The spectrum is unfolded using two different energy binning structures in the initial guess for SAND-II. As expected, the results provided highly thermal neutron spectra in source-holder environment, where water thermalizes most of the neutrons; 93% of the total flux at the source-holder position is no greater than 0.55eV for the 120W reactor-core configuration. The epithermal and fast neutrons were 6% and 1%, respectively at fast/epithermal energy boundary of 100keV. A similar experiment and analysis in the past determined that 7%, 38% and 55% of the total flux at the source-holder position were respectively thermal, epithermal and fast for the 101W configuration. Notwithstanding the difference between the two configurations, the current determination is an improvement to the characterization of the MSTR flux. This is because 7% thermal flux is unlikely in an environment primarily surrounded by water. The total neutron flux calculated by MCNP is 4.98×1011±1.72×1010n/cm2s. The flux determined through SAND-II is 4.79×1011±6.10×1010n/cm2s; a difference of 4%.

Antero-posterior (AP) pelvis x-ray imaging on a trolley: Impact of trolley design, mattress design and radiographer practice on image quality and radiation dose

IntroductionPhysical and technical differences exist between imaging on an x-ray tabletop and imaging on a trolley. This study evaluates how trolley imaging impacts image quality and radiation dose for an antero-posterior (AP) pelvis projection whilst subsequently exploring means of optimising this imaging examination. MethodsAn anthropomorphic pelvis phantom was imaged on a commercially available trolley under various conditions. Variables explored included two mattresses, two image receptor holder positions, three source to image distances (SIDs) and four mAs values. Image quality was evaluated using relative visual grading analysis with the reference image acquired on the x-ray tabletop. Contrast to noise ratio (CNR) was calculated. Effective dose was established using Monte Carlo simulation. Optimisation scores were derived as a figure of merit by dividing effective dose with visual image quality scores. ResultsVisual image quality reduced significantly (p < 0.05) whilst effective dose increased significantly (p < 0.05) for images acquired on the trolley using identical acquisition parameters to the reference image. The trolley image with the highest optimisation score was acquired using 130 cm SID, 20 mAs, the standard mattress and platform not elevated. A difference of 12.8 mm was found between the image with the lowest and highest magnification factor (18%). ConclusionThe acquisition parameters used for AP pelvis on the x-ray tabletop are not transferable to trolley imaging and should be modified accordingly to compensate for the differences that exist. Exposure charts should be developed for trolley imaging to ensure optimal image quality at lowest possible dose.

Ultra soft X-ray Microbeam: optical analysis and intensity measurements

In this work, optical analysis and intensity measurements of the Ultra Soft x-ray microbeam (100 eV–1 keV) are presented. X-ray emission at 500 eV are generated from a plasma produced by focusing Nd-YAG laser beam on the Yttrium target. In particular, we will report the study of x-ray intensity and the measurement of focal spot dimension. Moreover, the software/hardware control of sample holder position and the alignment of biological sample to the microbeam will be described.

Debt Maturity and the Liquidity of Secondary Debt Markets

We develop an equilibrium model of debt maturity choice of firms, in the presence of fixed issuance costs in primary debt markets, and an illiquid over-the-counter secondary debt market with search frictions. Liquidity in this market is related to the ratio of buyers to sellers, which is determined in equilibrium via the free entry of buyers. Short maturities improve the bargaining position of debt holders who sell in the secondary market and hence reduce the interest rate that firms need to offer on debt. Long maturities reduce re-issuance costs. The optimally chosen maturity trades off both considerations. Firms individually do not internalize that choosing a longer maturity increases the expected gains from trade in the secondary market, which attracts more buyers, and hence also facilitates the sale of debt issued by other firms. As a result, the laissez-faire equilibrium exhibits inefficiently short maturity choices.

두께와 열전소자 부착위치를 고려한 자동차용 고효율 전자 냉온 모듈 형상 최적화 연구

The demand for user convenient devices in automotive applications are fast growing, mainly driven by the customer's requirement for higher efficiency and more features. In important such feature is the cold module for cars, which are convenient luxuries that warm or cool drinks placed in the cup holder by means of a thermoelectric element. In present study, we would like to find out the optimal thickness of the cup holder and mounting position of the thermoelectric element through experiments under various testing conditions and thermal analysis. The resulting thermal distribution of the primary area of thermal analysis was found to be lowest when the thickness was 2.5 mm. The temperature distribution was also lowest when the thermal element was positioned underneath the holder (A-type).

Young children's enactments of human rights in early childhood education

ABSTRACTThis paper explores ways in which human rights become part of and affect young children's everyday practices in early childhood education and, more particularly, how very young children enact human rights in the preschool setting. The study is conducted in a Swedish preschool through observations of the everyday practices of a group of children aged between 1 and 3 years. With a child view based on human rights theory and childhood sociology, an action-based methodology for seeking children's perspective is used to analyse the observation data. Three rights areas are identified in which children frequently deal with human rights in their actions and where they enact a range of possible rights holder positions: ownership, influence and equal value. These rights areas, and the children's various enactments of the rights, are reflected against the preschool context as a co-constructor to the actions of the participants.

Image Processing for Monitoring Diagnostic Devices with Automated Pipetting

This paper presents an image processing technique for monitoring diagnostic devices with an automated pipetting function. A video camera is employed to inspect whether the device operation, including the tip holder position, the absence of the tip, and the alignment of the holder and the tip, is appropriate. The processing results can be utilized for indicating the overall malfunction of the entire device or for warning that the user has forgotten to load the required tip. The image of the holder and the tip area is converted into a binary image with the fixed threshold obtained during device calibration. A horizontal projection analysis is utilized for robust identification of the tip and the holder area, and a vertical projection analysis is carried out for each area to detect the absence of the tip and the alignment of the tip and holder positions. The camera was added to a commercial diagnostic device, and the processing algorithm was implemented in the main controller of the device. Experimental results show that device monitoring with the proposed image processing technique worked well without failure.

Joint Copyrights Management by Collecting Societies and Online Platforms: An Economic Analysis

This paper discusses the effects of technological change on joint (copy)rights management (JRM). The economic literature discusses JRM as a response to relatively high transaction costs in complex markets for copyright works. Based on a formal analysis, we show that JRM reduces the average transaction costs per transaction and the total number of transactions under a broad range of conditions. Throughout the 20th Century, JRM was mostly conducted by copyrights holder collectives. Recently, private for-profit online platforms are taking on core functions of JRM. Our formal analysis yields two essential results: (1) the efficient scale and scope of JRM will increase as copyright works are increasingly traded via digital ICT networks; (2) a change from collective JRM on behalf of rights holders to commercial intermediation weakens the position of rights holders, and will aggravate problems with the private provision of copyright works with public good attributes.