Position Of Geography Research Articles

Navigating personal and disciplinary frontiers: engaging with undergraduate geography students’ reflections on their geographical education

ABSTRACT In this article, we engage with undergraduate geography students’ reflections on their geography education. We begin by examining the position of geography within education across the British Isles. Following this, we critically consider how geography education is shaped by “the gap” between school and university geography and geographies of education, before reporting on the findings from a survey of 333 undergraduate students studying geography across the British Isles conducted in late 2020. We examine the complex question of who is studying geography at undergraduate level, students’ journeys through their geography degree, and their experiences of personal and disciplinary frontiers in education. We conclude by arguing the importance of educators engaging with students’ “everyday” geographies, and for further research into progress across education phases in geography to co-construct a rich and rounded geographic education.

Machine-Learning-Based UAV-Assisted Agricultural Information Security Architecture and Intrusion Detection

In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing has developed rapidly in the field of farmland information monitoring. Real-time and accurate access to farmland information and crop growth dynamics is a prerequisite for the implementation of precision agriculture. Machine Learning identifies existing knowledge to acquire new knowledge, promotes the development of Artificial Intelligence, and brings a large number of data training sets for Machine Learning. The present work aims to ensure the safe operation of agricultural information systems and guarantee the data security of intelligent agriculture. The Machine Learning method explores the wireless network deployment of the UAV system. The geographical location deployment of agricultural information security can effectively carry out rapid security detection of agricultural information security. Firstly, the UAV-assisted information acquisition system was studied. Besides, a Double Deep Q-network (DDQN) algorithm for location deployment based on Geography Position Information (GPI) was proposed to quickly optimize the deployment location of UAVs. GPI can avoid the complicated calculation process of channel state information. The DDQN algorithm was introduced to obtain the functional relationship between GPI and the optimal UAV deployment position, forming a new GPI-Learning strategy. In addition, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are integrated as the CNN-LSTM algorithm to build the intrusion detection system for agricultural IoT for agricultural. In the integrated network structure of the system, LSTM is responsible for data transmission, and CNN is capable of network model building. Combined with the influence of various parameters on the performance of the UAV deployment location algorithm, the simulation experiment set the population size as 36, the discovery probability as 0.25, the step scaling factor as 0.8, and the Levy flight index as 1.25. The network throughput performance of the GPI-Learning algorithm combined with Cuckoo Search was better than other algorithms under different numbers of UAVs. On the KDD-CUP99 data set, the accuracy and detection rate of the agricultural IoT intrusion detection system based on the CNN+LSTM algorithm reached 93.5% and 94.4%, respectively. In general, the agricultural IoT intrusion detection system reported here has crucial practical reference value for the safe operation of agricultural information systems.

Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Plant Species α-Diversity across the Tibetan Grasslands

Plant species α-diversity is closely correlated with ecosystem structures and functions. However, whether climate change and human activities will reduce plant species α-diversity remains controversial. In this study, potential (i.e., potential species richness: SRp, Shannonp, Simpsonp and Pieloup) and actual plant species α-diversity (i.e., actual species richness: SRa, Shannona, Simpsona and Pieloua) during 2000–2020 were quantified based on random forests in grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. Overall, climate change had positive influences on potential plant species α-diversity across all the grassland systems. However, more than one-third areas showed decreasing trends for potential plant species α-diversity. Climate change increased the SRp at rates of 0.0060 and 0.0025 yr−1 in alpine steppes and alpine meadows, respectively. Temperature change predominated the variations of Shannonp and Simpsonp, and radiation change predominated the variations of SRp and Pieloup. Geography position, local temperature, precipitation and radiation conditions regulated the impacts of climate change on potential species α-diversity. On average, human activities caused 1% plant species loss but elevated the Shannon, Simpson and Pielou by 26%, 4% and 5%, respectively. There were 46.51%, 81.08%, 61.26% and 61.10% areas showing positive effects of human activities on plant species richness, Shannon, Simpson and Pielou, respectively. There were less than 48% areas showing increasing trends of human activities’ impacts on plant species α-diversity. Human activities increased plant species richness by 2% in alpine meadows but decreased plant species richness by 1% in alpine steppes. Accordingly, both the impacts of climate change and human activities on plant species α-diversity were not always negative and varied with space and grassland types. The study warned that both climate change and human activities may not cause as much species loss as expected. This study also cautioned that the impacts of radiation change on plant species α-diversity should be at least put on the same level as the impacts of climate warming and precipitation change on plant α-diversity.

Missing Major: The Limited Presence of Geography in New England Higher Education

The article explains the limited presence of geography in New England higher education as a result of the structure of the region’s higher education system. Blending the geography and history of education literatures, it identifies type of control (public vs. private), institution type, urban location, multi-campus university systems, and the weak position of geography in secondary schools and community colleges as key influences upon the existence of an undergraduate major in geography. The article also considers windows of opportunity when geography departments were commonly established and provides selected examples of institutions that closed geography departments.

Standar Proses dan Inovasi Pembelajaran Geografi dalam Kurikulum 2013 Sebagai Salah Satu Dasar Menjadikan Anak Bangsa yang Bermartabat

Education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and skills needed by themselves, society, nation and state. Characteristics of objects of geographic study there are concrete and some are in the form of "abstract", because geography studies the distribution, interaction, interrelation, interdependence, and various processes that work in space on a large scale. The context of the 2013 Curriculum implementation, teachers, including Geography teachers, as the spearhead in the development and implementation of geography learning at the school level, should understand the position of Geography itself in the K-13 Structure. Furthermore, teachers have the responsibility and obligation to make basic efforts in various forms of learning innovation so that the implementation of the learning process can achieve the specified competencies, while at the same time taking part in bringing the children of this nation to become a dignified nation in the eyes of the nation and internationally.

Geography’s Position in Education Today

The objective of this article is to assess the position of geography in the United States by examining the educational organizations that serve geography. Specifically, I detail four pieces of evidence: (1) the number and distribution of higher education institutions that offer geography; (2) trends in the number and diversity of geography majors; (3) state geography requirements for middle and high schools; and (4) the growth in Advanced Placement Human Geography and its distribution by states. Retaining a strong institutional presence in geography is vital given the precarious status of the discipline. I call for a more systematic approach to collecting and disseminating data on the health of our discipline to ensure its long-term survival. These steps are currently being taken by the American Association of Geographers and will result in a more robust data infrastructure.

International Business and Country’s Culture Impact

International business is very important, nowadays. Businesses, now, compete and operate in an international market. Globalization has created new challenges for managers. Different countries have different cultures, and this make culture a challenge for businesses and managers who operate in international business. They have to pay more attention to the differences of countries cultures they operate with. Sometimes, differences may be seen as insignificant, but they can cause troubles if you don’t respect them. Culture’s differences may create misunderstandings, conflict, anger even stress in the workplace. People in different culture have different attitudes and behaviors. Organizations have to pay importance to differences in a) communication, b) attitudes c) workplace etiquette d) language.
 Albania, after 90’, has been an attractive destination for foreign investors. Many investors came in Albania due to her strategic geography position, cheap labor price, informal market, etc.
 In this paper we will analyze culture’s dimensions according to Hofstede model. Then, we will compare Albanian culture to Italian culture, because Italy is the country which has the majority of foreign companies in Albania.

Political alignment and audit pricing

This article investigates the impact of political alignment on the pricing of audit service for U.S. firms. While prior studies have mainly focused on the political connectedness stemming from firms' active political effort, our study is different as we exploit changes in the U.S. political landscape, which are exogenous to firms. We employ a political alignment index (PAI) of each state's leading politicians with the presidential party to proxy for U.S. domestic firms' political alignment. We build upon the policy risk theory, and conjecture that auditors take into account the risk emanating from firms' political geography position and price this risk in their audit service fees. Our empirical results show a positive association between PAI and audit fees. Collectively, our findings suggest that auditors perceive firms whose headquarters are located in more politically aligned states to be riskier, while corporate diversification and managerial ability act as effective mitigating factors.

The perspectives of geography, and geography teaching, in secondary pre-service teachers in Czechia

The position of geography in Czechia at all levels of education has been declining. In order to improve this situation, it is necessary to innovate university pre-service teachers’ training. It is necessary, however, to first examine Czech pre-service geography teachers’ perspectives of geography as a discipline – and their perspectives of geography teaching. The analytical framework of the study is based on Simon Catling’s typology of geography perspectives. The survey was conducted with 183 pre-service geography teachers at nine geography departments in eight Czech universities. In the questionnaire survey the respondents ranked seven statements belonging to the perspectives of geography as a discipline and to geography teaching. In general, the most commonly held perspectives of geography as a discipline were “Interactionist”, “Earthist”, and “Globalist”. The “Globalist” perspective predominantly concerns perspectives of geography teaching. Research findings are used to formulate recommendations for the remedy of the image of geography.

Comparing Nearshore Wave Parameters in Amurang Bay location using MIKE-21 Spectral Wave Model

Wave parameters as an accurate prediction in ocean environment are important thing for good coastal development. Spectral wind wave model as a tools in MIKE 21 SW based on unstructured mesh is used in this study which the model simulates the growth, decay and transformation of wind generated waves and swell in offshore and coastal areas. The Amurang Bay as the province of North Sulawesi Indonesia was selected as the study area which the geography position around 1012’16.16” N-124027’04.33” E to 1015’43.80” N-124032’01.06”E. The bathymetry and tide data used in this research from Indonesian Coastline Environmental map of year 1995 with scale 1:50.000 from BIG (Badan Informasi Geospasial) with a satellite data from Google earth of year 2018 and LANTAMAL Manado, the wind and current data was obtained from BMKG Manado. Time simulations are taken from 25 November to 23 December 2016 as a wet season and 25 Mei to 23 June 2016 as a dry season.The model computed the wave parameters using the forecast wind input. The synoptic map of significant wave height (Hs), wave period, wave direction are obtained from the result of simulation. During the dry and wet season conditions the predicted wave parameters as the result of the simulation with tide and wind show to be higher than with tide and no wind simulation. The average condition of significant wave height is higher in outside of bay than inside of bay.

Geography in school: problems and prospects

The article discusses the position of geography in the school from the point of view of modern requirements for improving the quality of teaching the subject “Geography” in general education organizations. It is shown that the solution of this issue is largely determined by the priorities and tasks of the scientifc, technological and spatial development of the Russian Federation. The possible ways of solving these problems in teaching an academic subject in several directions are revealed. Among them are the improvement of the federal state educational standards of high school (GEF SOO), the implementation of the basic ideas of the Concept for the Development of Geographical Education in Russia, the preparation of a teacher of geography.

Review of Tide and Wind Affect to Currents Pattern in Amurang Bay, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Winds, tides and river discharges largely drive coastal currents. The strength of tidal currents, river runoff, meteorological conditions, shoreline configuration, water depth and topography are the factors that affect coastal water circulation. Generally currents are the flowing of water mass caused by wind, difference of density or tide moving. The existence of currents direction to nearshore of Amurang Bay was studied with using computer model tools as the hydrodynamic model by determine currents speed and its direction.The study took place in Amurang Bay as the province of North Sulawesi Indonesia with the geography position around 1012’16.16” N-124027’04.33” E to 1015’43.80” N-124032’01.06”E. The bathymetry and tide data used in this research from Indonesian Coastline Environmental map of year 1995 with scale 1:50.000 from BIG (Badan Informasi Geospasial) with a satellite data from Google earth of year 2018 and LANTAMAL Manado, the wind and current data was obtained from BMKG Bitung. Time simulations are taken from 25 November to 23 December 2016 as a wet season and 25 Mei to 23 Juni 2016 as a dry season. As analytical tools, MIKE3 hydrodynamic mode are used. The currents pattern play an important role in sediment transport process, so the study of the currents pattern become to be important as well. The result of this study indicate that in the wet season the combination of tide wind in surface and bottom layer of sea the currents direction close to nearshore dominant to East with current speed average 0.18 m/s, in dry season the combination of tide wind in surface layer of sea the currents direction close to nearshore dominant to South-East with current speed 0.12-0.24 m/s, in bottom layer the currents direction dominant to South-East with current speed average 0.2 m/s. Some of interesting point in research’s area show that current by tide make the current direction seaward and landward, but tide combination wind change the direction of current. It can be said that the tide influenced to current make the currents direction seaward and landward follow the pattern of tide, but combination tide and wind change its direction.

On the position of Geography in the system of sciences and academic subjects

The article considers the position of Geography in the system of sciences and educational subjects both in historical aspect and within the requirements of Federal state educational standards (FGOS) and the Concept of geographical education development in Russian Federation. It is shown that the solution of the issue determines proposals for the clarification of the Standards and basic educational programs in Geography.

ASSESSMENT OF WATER TABLE MODEL ON OIL PALM AREA IN A HILLY LAND

The aim of this research is to assess performance of developed water table model on oil palm area in a hilly land. The model requires some data of initiatial condition, input model, and physical parameters of the soils and crops. Initial data includes leaf area index, latitude geography position, initial water table, and the deep of impermeable soil layer. Input model includes daily weather data (rainfall, temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed). Soil physic parameters includes bulk volum density at each soil layers, and run-off of the soil surface. The crop parameters includes rainfall interception of crown and stem plants. Daily water table measurement was carried out at 3 points of wells located in one line hilly catena (30 – 70 m above sea level) with slope about of 15% (top, middle, and foot). The area was the 20 years old oil palm planting area, soil type was Typic Hapludult with coarse to fine soil texture, hydraulic conductivity was classified as fast. The water table in this area was located in unconfined aquifer zone. The results showed that outputs of the model were 3 - 4% higher than the actual values observed on the top hill, 7 – 8% lower than the actual values on the middle sloping of the hill, and 7 – 7.5% lower than the actual values on the foot hill. The high rate of run-off at the top might have reduced the water inflow (through infiltration process) to the system, causing output values of the model were higher than the actual values. On the other hand, the water inflow from the top to the lower area might have increased the water inflow to the system, so that the actual values were higher than the output values of the water table model. Adjustments of parameters mainly run-off rate and hydraulic potential gradient on sloping and hilly physiography might increase the accuracy of the model.

ASSESSMENT OF WATER TABLE MODEL ON OIL PALM AREA IN A HILLY LAND

The aim of this research is to assess performance of developed water table model on oil palm area in a hilly land. The model requires some data of initiatial condition, input model, and physical parameters of the soils and crops. Initial data includes leaf area index, latitude geography position, initial water table, and the deep of impermeable soil layer. Input model includes daily weather data (rainfall, temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed). Soil physic parameters includes bulk volum density at each soil layers, and run-off of the soil surface. The crop parameters includes rainfall interception of crown and stem plants. Daily water table measurement was carried out at 3 points of wells located in one line hilly catena (30 – 70 m above sea level) with slope about of 15% (top, middle, and foot). The area was the 20 years old oil palm planting area, soil type was Typic Hapludult with coarse to fine soil texture, hydraulic conductivity was classified as fast. The water table in this area was located in unconfined aquifer zone. The results showed that outputs of the model were 3 - 4% higher than the actual values observed on the top hill, 7 – 8% lower than the actual values on the middle sloping of the hill, and 7 – 7.5% lower than the actual values on the foot hill. The high rate of run-off at the top might have reduced the water inflow (through infiltration process) to the system, causing output values of the model were higher than the actual values. On the other hand, the water inflow from the top to the lower area might have increased the water inflow to the system, so that the actual values were higher than the output values of the water table model. Adjustments of parameters mainly run-off rate and hydraulic potential gradient on sloping and hilly physiography might increase the accuracy of the model.

The Active Role of Geography: A Manifesto

The Active Role of Geography: A Manifesto

Looking for an international strategy for geography education

Geography education is under pressure in many countries in the world. Many publications in the field of geography education and a lot of papers presented at geography conferences focus on the problematic position of geography in primary and secondary education. However, describing the problem is easier than finding a solution for it. To take a step forward some effort and creativity are needed. The good news is that at different places in the world new initiatives are developing to stimulate geography in education. The 2013 Rome Declaration on Geographical Education in Europe is one new initiative to help the teaching and learning of geography in schools. Elaborating on the Rome Declaration this contribution presents some ideas for a strategic plan for geography education and invites readers to contribute their ideas for how to take this forward. The Commission on Geographical Education of the International Geographical Union is happy to function as meeting place and to facilitate the sharing of good practices in geography education worldwide in close cooperation with EUGEO, EUROGEO and regional and national geographical organisations.

Preparing Geographers for Interdisciplinary Research: Graduate Training at the Interface of the Natural and Social Sciences

Recent debates about the state of geography raise valuable questions about how the discipline can and should change in response to shifting institutional realities. Focusing on the breadth and interdisciplinarity of geography, these discussions often overlook the role of pedagogy—particularly graduate training—in adapting the discipline to new institutional landscapes. Drawing on experiences as current and recent geography doctoral students, we identify institutional seedlings of opportunity that can be cultivated toward a spectrum of alternative doctoral training models. These alternatives offer significant opportunities to better prepare early-career geographers for success and to solidify geography's position as a leader in interdisciplinary research.

Relations of geography with other disciplines: A bibliometric analysis

The aim of this article was to examine the relations of physical and human geography with selected disciplines of natural and exact sciences as well as social sciences. The results shows that: (1) the position of geography among other disciplines is relatively high, however the relative position of human geography in social sciences is higher than that of physical geography in natural and exact sciences, (2) both geographical disciplines show an adverse ‘trade balance’ in scientific exchange, (3) human geography is more ‘introverted’, (4) relations between human geography and other disciplines are stronger than in the case of physical geography.

UNSUR-UNSUR BUDAYA DALAM AMTSÂL ’ARABIYYAH (PERIBAHASA ARAB)

This article analyze the cultural values in proverb of Arabic (amtsal). The analysis of Amtsal are from the history of ancient Arabian. The results shows that Amtsal reflect cultural values such as; culture, life style, mindset, geography position, and economic activity of ancient Arabian. DOI: 10.15408/a.v1i2.1142