Corporate Positions Research Articles

Cultivating dispersed collectivity: How communities between organizations sustain employee activism

Pushing for social change at work is frustrating and precarious. Many employee activists therefore seek support in communities that form around their aspirations and reside ‘between’ organizations. This article advances our understanding of how community participation shapes employee activists’ experiences of their change agency as they return to and pursue their social purpose in their corporate lives. Grounded in an in-depth qualitative study of an inter-organizational community of employee activists, we introduce the notion of ‘dispersed collectivity’: employee activists generate a shared sense of collectivity that they maintain even as they disperse into their workplaces. Dispersed collectivity enables subtle agentic experiences by emboldening employee activists to endure their often-challenging corporate lives, unsettle corporate norms, and detach from their corporate positions. Even without mobilizing a collective push for change across firms, communities can thus play a critical role in sustaining employee activism. Our study contributes a more nuanced account of employee activists’ change agency and offers new theoretical insights into the role of inter-organizational communities in social change, the practices they can use to build collective momentum and empathic connections, and their impact on employee activists’ determination to drive social change from within.

Firms Entangled in Geopolitical Conflicts: Evidence from the Russia-Ukraine War

We examine the reactions of US-based multinationals and subsequent financial market reactions to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The multinationals’ firm-level decisions range from clean exits from the Russian market, all the way to ‘digging in’ as if the war never happened. Findings show that, in the short-term, markets favour ‘middle ground’ decisions which balance shareholder interests with regulatory and ethical concerns. This is manifest through those firms taking extreme decisions, on either end of the spectrum, experiencing more negative returns. In the longer term, however, investor ethical concerns and other considerations dominate such that firms announcing clean breaks incur lower losses compared to their peers. In other words, sitting on the fence and playing both sides does not pay off for long. We also show interesting differences in investor reactions between two major non-US markets: China − a Russia-leaning country − vs India − a neutral country. While Indian investors behave largely similar to US investors, Chinese investors do not significantly punish firms that stay put in Russia. We re-examine the situation one year into the war and show that markets reward a Russia-opposing corporate position in the longer term.

Applying the Principle of Strict Liability in Environmental Protection

Forest and land fires are an unavoidable chore for Indonesia every year. Law enforcement continues to be pursued to hold the perpetrators responsible for the losses arising from the fires. This research analyses the validity of PT WMA's corporate position as a legal subject to be liable using the principle of strict liability for fires that occur in Indonesia. It also analyses the application of collateral confiscation in providing certainty over liability in accordance with the applicable verdict. This research is normative juridical in nature by analysing Decision Number 234/Pdt.G/LH.2016/PN.Plg by using several approaches, namely juridical approach, statutory approach and conceptual approach. Based on the results of the research, it is concluded that PT WMA is legally a legal subject that is absolutely responsible for the fires that occurred in its work area and the application of collateral confiscation can be carried out if this is confirmed in environmental legislation, especially to regulate the asset verification mechanism.

Pertanggung jawaban Pidana Korporasi Pada Tindak Pidana Perbankan Dalam Rangka Pembaruan Hukum Pidana

Previously banking crimes committed by corporations tended to be difficult to enforce, because corporations weren’t the subject of criminal law, either according to the Criminal Code or the Banking Law. In order to reform the national criminal law, the government then promulgated the National Criminal Code and the PPSK Law which introduced a renewal of thought in the Indonesian criminal law regime. The reform led to a shift in the position of corporations as subjects of banking crimes. The issues raised are: 1) How does the position of corporations shift as the subjects of banking crime after the National Criminal Code and the PPSK Law?; 2) How is corporate criminal liability in banking crimes after the National Criminal Code and the PPSK Law? This research uses normative juridical methods through statue approach, and conceptual approach. The results obtained from this study include that after the National Criminal Code and the PPSK Law, the position of corporations as subjects of banking crimes has shifted from previously not recognized in the Criminal Code or Banking Law, now it has been recognized as a subject of banking crimes, so that the principle of delinquere non potest university used by the previous Criminal Code is no longer relevant in the new Indonesian criminal law paradigm. Then the National Criminal Code and the PPSK Law basically use three forms of corporate criminal liability, namely: criminal liability is imposed on corporations only, criminal liability is imposed on individual only, or liability is imposed on both (corporation and individual).

Corporate power and global value chains: current approaches for conceptualizing the power of multinationals

The influential position of multinational corporations in the global economy of the twenty-first century is a particularly controversial and timely subject. This paper aims to improve our understanding of this phenomenon by focusing on one particular aspect of it: corporate power. To this end, it first puts forth a number of conceptual clarifications that help to distinguish different kinds of power and the distinct analytical levels at which power is executed. It then focuses on corporate power and studies it against the backdrop of the development of global value chains. The aim of this analysis is twofold: firstly, to review the variety of analytical tools and ontological perspectives that coin current research on corporate power, and secondly, to discuss the causes and practical consequences of asymmetrical power constellations among corporations and between corporations and other actors. This discussion is meant to facilitate a better alignment of applied research on corporate power with pluralist approaches towards rethinking economics.

Union strategies in conflict: A comparative study of strike fund institutionalisation and infrastructural resources

AbstractThis article unveils the establishment or rejection of strike funds as a tangible organisational tool towards union renewal. Despite strike funds being a necessary and recurring instrument in the organisation of strikes, they have seldom been theorised as a distinct (infrastructural) power resource fundamental to understanding unions’ readiness and preparation for industrial conflict. Institutionalised strike funds, supported by union dues, provide economic support to strikers, reinforce their collective identity, legitimise a more confrontational position towards collective bargaining and may garner support from the broader community. Additionally, strike funds may serve as tools to attract members and shape narratives that can influence corporate positions and public opinion during labour disputes. Through a comparative analysis of 10 confederal unions in Spain, we illustrate the different strategic views that unions may hold with respect to them. Crucially, we find that the presence or absence of strike funds reflects the specific political position a union adopts concerning industrial conflict and how they may possibly articulate them with other power resources. Hence, the institutionalisation of strike funds involves a complex union renewal process, which is also influenced by a comparative learning process between unions. Finally, we also explain the flourishing of different strike funds during the last decades that derive from a spillover effect between counterpower and radical unions.

Session 26. Oral Presentation for: Corporate positioning in Australia for a new investment outlook

Session 26. Oral Presentation for: Corporate positioning in Australia for a new investment outlook

ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ АПК РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ САНКЦИЙ

The article presents the results of research into the problems and prospects of digitalization of Russia's agro-industrial complex in the context of international sanctions. Within the framework of the theoretical section, it was established that the digitalization of enterprises in the sphere of agro-industrial complex is implemented on the basis of one of the three main models: pure producer; "from field to counter; agro-industrial ecosystem "from field to fork". The Russian model of AIC digitalization has a number of specific features: the full participation of the state in the digitalization processes, which both allows it to retain control over the industry and simultaneously narrows the possibilities of free choice of digital transformation trajectories for the business itself; the strategic position of state high-tech corporations, which de facto have a competitive advantage in state tenders and, accordingly, draw a large share of financing for the digitalization of the industry; the model of digitalization of the agricultural sector, which is based on the state's control over the industry. In the author's opinion, the main prospects for the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex, taking into account the impact of international technological sanctions, are: encouraging large agricultural holdings to develop corporate programs of financial support for agrotech start-ups; the formation of a national database on projects of digitalization of business processes in the agro-industrial complex in the main categories: precision farming, smart farm, farm management systems, automation of sowing and disease control; the introduction of a system of tax incentives and other preferences (e.g., the availability of preferential loans for agro-industrial complexes); the introduction of a system of tax breaks and other preferences (e.g., the use of tax-free loans for agro-industrial complexes). revision of curricula in agrarian universities of the country with the addition of disciplines orienting future specialists to work with digital technologies.

Corporate positioning in Australia for a new investment outlook

Government intervention and increased regulatory scrutiny have altered the investment environment for the energy sector in Australia. Asia’s efforts to decarbonise will drive long-term investment in Australia’s renewable, hydrogen and carbon capture potential. But as the energy sector shifts emphasis back towards security of supply and affordability, Australia remains a key destination for upstream investment. Looking closer at Australia’s oil and gas sector, how are companies positioned to manage the rising complexity and uncertainty faced when making long-term capital decisions? Are Australia’s homegrown players leaders or laggards when pitched against their international peers? And how competitive are Australia’s oil and gas champions in the context of the country’s wider natural resources sector? Benchmarking corporate positioning through the lens of near-term resilience and long-term sustainability, we will identify the challenges, opportunities and strategic implications for Australia’s corporate oil and gas landscape.

Corporate Involvement In People Trafficking Cases (Analysis of East Jakarta District Court Decision Number: 289/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Jkt.Tim)

The research objective in this research report is to find out the position of corporations in criminal liability for human trafficking in trafficking cases(Analysis of East Jakarta District Court Decision Number: 289/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Jkt.Tim)and to find out howLegal certainty for victims of the crime of human trafficking committed by PT. Hassindo Karya Niaga (Analysis of the East Jakarta District Court Decision Number: 289/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Jkt.Tim).The research method used is a normative juridical method where data sources come from court decisions, books and journals and the internet. The research approach used in this research is a qualitative approach. The results of this research are pActions carried out by PT. Hassindo Karya Niaga is a criminal act of human trafficking as well asthere is no legal certainty for victims of the PT Person Trafficking Crime case. Hassindo Karya Niaga due to the absence of implementation of the provision of restitution for victims contained in the decision. Actions carried out by PT. Hassindo Karya Niaga and its work constitute a criminal act of human trafficking. There is no legal certainty for victims of TIP cases committed by PT. Hassindo Karya Niaga due to the lack of implementation of the right to compensation (restitution) obtained by victims of criminal acts of human trafficking. East Jakarta District Court Decision Number: 289/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Jkt.Tim)and howLegal certainty for victims of the crime of human trafficking committed by PT. Hassindo Karya Niaga (Analysis of East Jakarta District Court Decision Number: 289/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Jkt.Tim).

Diversification Strategy and Business Portfolio Development in State-Owned Companies PT. Hutama Karya

This research aims to analyse the business diversification strategy of PT Hutama Karya (Persero) and its subsidiaries, explain their business operations, and explore growth potential. This research tries to identify the company's internal and external environmental factors after business diversification, conduct an analysis of the corporate position and portfolio of business units and subsidiaries, and formulate a new business diversification strategy concept. This research method is descriptive qualitative with the data used in the research including primary data collected through interviews and questionnaires, as well as secondary data such as company financial reports, industry performance reports, and industry attractiveness. PT Hutama Karya's business diversification includes expansion into various business divisions, including Toll Road Business Entity (BUJT), Non-Toll Road Business Entity (Non-BUJT), and the establishment of subsidiaries such as Hutama Karya Infrastruktur (HKI), HAKAAston, HK Realtindo, Hutama Marga Waskita (HAMAWAS), and EPC Energy Singapore Ltd. The main supporting factors for this diversification are the continued economic growth and government support in infrastructure development. The company's internal strengths are the application of technology and adaptation to changes in the construction industry, they also face challenges such as cashflow issues, global economic uncertainty, and changes in political direction. The SWOT analysis shows that the company is in the "Grow and Build" quadrant and needs to pursue aggressive business diversification. The results of the GE Nine Cell Matrix analysis show a diverse position for the company's business units, with some as "Leaders" and others needing to be managed carefully or even divested. The managerial implications of this study are the need for business ecosystem development and business portfolio diversification, technology development across businesses to support competitive advantage, and the creation of new opportunities after the completion of the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road project

An Applicable Way for Fresh Undergraduate Graduates to Fight the Employment Dilemma: Examining the Job Predicament Encountered by Students Majoring in Humanities in China

The evolution of the market system in China has had a significant impact on the career prospects of graduates, leading to a shift in the composition of the talent pool. To comprehensively elucidate and evaluate the predicament encountered by graduates in the labor market, it is essential for researchers to consider educational background as the fundamental basis for conducting such investigations. The Chinese population has been subject to the impact of many social ideals disseminated via numerous means, such as social media, parental guidance, and interactions with their immediate family members. The presence of certain social ideals and societal issues further intensifies the challenges experienced by a particular subset of individuals, namely humanities graduates. This study centers on the predicament faced by students majoring in the humanities and the educational department. It has been observed that students pursuing humanities disciplines have had challenges in securing employment opportunities. In response, institutions have implemented multidisciplinary approaches to address these issues. However, the outcomes of these efforts have not yielded the anticipated level of effectiveness. When humanities students engage in the process of job application, they often confront challenges such as comparatively lower remuneration, extended work hours, and a heavier workload in comparison to their counterparts. This paper highlights several challenges, including the increasing prevalence of science and engineering fields, the downsizing of technical positions in major corporations, and the emergence of new opportunities in the humanities. It emphasizes the importance for society, parents, and prospective college students to make informed decisions when selecting their desired academic disciplines.

Tracing the career trajectories of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) women leaders

This study delves into the professional trajectories of 20 women leaders Vice President (VP) and above in the U.S. Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector. These accomplished women, carefully selected from Engineering News Record’s (ENR's) Top 400 firms, shared their personal stories, discussing both triumphs and challenges influencing their journey to senior corporate positions. This collection of experiences provides valuable insights to identify the root causes of women’s underrepresentation in the industry. Moreover, this investigation aims to create a career roadmap that supports early and mid-career women in their pursuit of success within AEC. Success factors contributing to these women’s rise include a supportive partner, receiving early mentoring and possessing a genuine passion for their projects. Companies seeking to stand out and benefit from innovative outcomes that diversity offers should consider implementing diversity programs and fostering the growth of women throughout their careers. This may involve actively recruiting young women and providing funding for Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) programs and scholarships for pre-college girls. Identified initiatives hold the potential to increase the number of women entering the industry and reduce the rate of early departures, thus helping to close the workforce shortage gap in the construction sector.

Sovereignty and Transnational Corporations

The position and role of transnational corporations (TNCs) vis-a-vis the concept of sovereignty is specific. TNCs operate as an organism (an economic and social reality of a net created by a mother society, subsidiaries, and their suppliers anchored in different jurisdictions). The article presents three areas where the interaction of a state’s sovereignty and TNCs is the most visible. First, it discusses the issue of self-limitation with respect to administrative jurisdiction in cases related to foreign direct investment and the risk to the host state in situations where such autolimitation is not clearly framed. Second, the author presents the issue of human rights abuses committed by TNCs, the procedural challenges for redress, and the way-out created by soft law instruments adopted at an international level. Third, the concept of corporate citizenship is presented, which might undermine national sovereignty.

Benchmarking Corporate Resilience and Sustainability – a framework for assessing corporate positioning in the face of uncertainty and risk

Low carbon is still a key stock market theme, but war and changing economic conditions through 2022 have placed greater emphasis on the security of supply. Yet our longstanding view still holds: the energy transition will happen, and oil and gas companies have significant value at risk. In the face of tightening carbon policies or the eventual decline in oil and gas demand, companies that fail to adapt to the emerging low-carbon world will suffer a deterioration in market rating. Plotting a strategy for the energy transition has become more complex than ever. Satisfying investors, government and public stakeholders while pursuing secure, affordable and sustainable sources of energy requires a delicate balance. Unanticipated shocks like the global pandemic or Russia’s invasion of Ukraine make strategic planning a veritable high-wire act. The complexity in mapping out an approach to the energy transition makes it even harder to benchmark the different strategies companies may employ. How are companies positioned to navigate the energy transition over the coming decades? Which companies are best situated to handle shocks to the market in the next few years? We believe these questions of near-term resilience and long-term sustainability can be answered by examining (a) a company’s financial position and scale, (b) its portfolio outlook and (c) its carbon exposure and transition strategy. Building on these concepts of Corporate Resilience and Sustainability, we can compare the strategies of Australia’s largest energy players against their international peers. We can highlight their strengths, weaknesses and areas for focus. We can show you what ‘best-in-class’ looks like.

The Moderating Role of Digital Environmental Management Accounting in the Relationship between Eco-Efficiency and Corporate Sustainability

In response to concerns about environmental issues and the role of manufacturing corporations in maintaining eco-efficiency, this study aimed to investigate the moderating role of digitally supported environmental management accounting (EMA) in the relationship between eco-efficiency and corporate sustainability performance. A quantitative approach was applied by using a survey distributed to a sample consisting of 77 individuals from senior and executive financial and operational positions in large Saudi manufacturing corporations. The findings of the linear regression analysis revealed that there is an insignificant direct relationship between eco-efficiency and corporate sustainability performance, while there is a significant moderating impact of EMA on the linkage between eco-efficiency and corporate environmental sustainability, and this significant moderating impact also applied to the linkage between digital applications and corporate environmental sustainability. This study provides good insights into the domain of environmental sustainability performance on the business scale in the Saudi context as an emerging economy, as it could be considered an innovative contribution to theoretical and practical aspects in the recent green issue adoption context; theoretically, it provides additional evidence of the role of digital EMA in improving environmental sustainability performance, and practically, the study findings can be beneficial for strategy and policymakers in corporations and regulators of environmental sustainability performance.

Women, Surgeons, and the Innovation Pipeline.

The paucity of gender diversity in the biotech and medical/surgical technology fields remains a persistent challenge. Over the course of history, advancements have been made; however, women remain underrepresented in these sectors from the entry level to the leadership and corporate positions. Similarly, there is a notable lack of women-led startup teams obtaining funding from venture capitalists and fewer women-led teams submitting and securing patents. We will discuss current data surrounding the lack of gender diversity in these fields, explore parallels specifically between the lack of women in surgical specialties and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) pathways, and how this translates to the lack of women in the surgical and medical technology industry. We will also offer examples of the real-world ramifications of product development by teams not representative of the population. Lastly, we will offer recommendations and action items for companies, STEM educators, individuals, and allies that will continue to aid in improving gender diversity in the industry.

Gender quota in the civil service and female participation: Evidence from Nepal

AbstractFemale quotas for high‐ranking positions in corporations and governments should (i) increase the hiring of women and (ii) inspire more women to apply for these positions. The goal will be that eventually, (iii) even without the quota, more women will apply to and succeed in high‐ranked positions. This paper exploits the variations of female quotas in Nepalese civil service exams across years, services, ranks and exams within the same service to investigate these three effects. Empirical results show that female quotas in a given exam increase applications and the hiring of women. Even in exams without a quota, the female quotas of other exams within the same service increase the number of female applicants.

A free solo in heels: Corporate risk taking among women executives and directors

A propensity for risk taking by men has been used to explain gender gaps in power, mobility and success. Women who embrace risk, however, are in the precarious position of balancing gender norms and career ambition. This study examines gender stereotypes of risk-taking versus the organizational risk-taking realities that are inherent in women corporate leaders’ climb to the top. We take the position that women who have reached top corporate positions must embrace risk. We analyze data that includes all S&P 500 executives and directors covering the period 2009–2019. Findings suggest that corporations led by women CEOs and corporations with greater numbers of women executives and directors undertake more financial risk than those led by their male counterparts. The implications suggest that women may face a significant risk tax in order to overcome gender stereotypes that limit career mobility.

Research of potential data leaks in information and communication systems

This article discusses the problem of ensuring the protection of user data in information systems. It is shown that classic information systems are represented by stationary and mobile communication devices focused on data exchange with digital space. The fundamental principles of user data exchange in the digital space are considered. It has been established that leading technology IT corporations collect data from user communication devices. It is shown that the organization of data collection is carried out by redirecting the DNS traffic of the communication device to the DNS servers of IT corporations, followed by its encryption using the DoH protocol. This makes it impossible for authorized services and departments of national states to control the users’ DNS traffic and ensures the monopoly position of IT corporations in the global digital market for collecting and analyzing user data. It is shown that the collection of user data is carried out with the aim of further monetization and influencing decisions made by users. DNS traffic of devices for communication with the digital space of the Internet is fixed. An audit of the recorded DNS traffic was performed, and as a result, specialized Internet resources were identified to be responsible for collecting and processing user data. It has been proved that the identified specialized Internet resources belong to IT corporations. Methods of identification of communication devices in digital space were considered. It is shown that the identification of communication devices is based on the collection of a unique set of data from each communication device. Based on each unique data set, a digital fingerprint of the communication device is formed, which is used for its further identification in the digital space. These approaches allow organizing protection against user data collection in information systems. Software and hardware implementations for protection against data collection from communication devices are proposed. It has been experimentally established that the combined use of the proposed software and hardware models provides the most effective protection against data collection from communication devices and does not affect the functionality of information systems.