Portuguese Names Research Articles

CanCOG®: Cultural Adaptation of the Evidence-Based UCLA Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention Program for Cancer Survivors in Portugal

Cognitive difficulties are highly prevalent and negatively impact cancer survivors' quality of life. The UCLA Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention Program (in short, UCLA program) is an evidence-based intervention developed and tested in the US to address the cognitive complaints of cancer survivors. Since there are no cognitive rehabilitation programs available for Portuguese cancer-related settings, this study aimed to culturally adapt the UCLA program to Portugal. Nine steps were implemented for this cultural adaptation: needs assessment, initial contacts, translation, cultural adaptation, independent review by a panel of experts (n = 6), focus group discussions with cancer survivors (n = 11), systematization of inputs and improvement of the final materials, fidelity check, and preliminary acceptability assessment. The findings suggested that changes to the original materials were needed. A Portuguese name, "CanCOG®-Reabilitação Cognitiva no Cancro" (in English "CanCOG®-Cognitive Rehabilitation in Cancer"), and a logo were created to make it more memorable and appealing for the Portuguese population. The language was adjusted to ensure content accessibility and semantic and conceptual equivalence. Finally, references to several cultural aspects, such as habits, customs, and traditions, were adapted to fit the new cultural context. The UCLA program may be a promising tool to help alleviate the cognitive difficulties reported by cancer survivors in different cultural contexts. Future research is needed to confirm the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of its Portuguese version, "CanCOG®-Reabilitação Cognitiva no Cancro".

The names and naming of gannets comprising the genus Morus (family Sulidae)

The gannet species found in the northern hemisphere can be fully identified as the Northern Gannet Morus bassanus in the family Sulidae. This full identity reveals four historical themes which intertwine to produce a number of historical and current names for both the Northern Gannet and the Cape Gannet Morus capensis. These four themes are (1) the ‘goose’ theme, which traces the word ‘goose’ back to its Sanskrit origin hainsas, and which over centuries has spawned linguistically related words like gander, gannet and the erstwhile Latin family name Anseridae; (2) the ‘sula’ theme, which traces the echoes of the Old Norse word súla ‘gannet’, giving a number of names for the Northern Gannet in various European languages, as well as the family name Sulidae; (3) the Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth in Scotland, associated with the Northern Gannet for centuries and responsible for the specific epithet bassanus; and (4) notions of various seabirds being foolish or silly, leading to the generic name Morus, and various names for seabirds such as the current Afrikaans malgas (Cape Gannet) and the historical mallemuck, and variants for various species of albatross. In this diachronic review of these four themes, a special look is taken of names for the Cape Gannet as recorded in the ships’ logs of early mariners rounding and landing at the Cape in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Here Portuguese names like Mangas de Veludo (‘velvet sleeves’) are also recorded. The article concludes by looking at echoes of these four themes in the names of the Australasian Gannet Morus serrator.

Modeling and Simulation of Batch Sugarcane Alcoholic Fermentation Using the Metabolic Model

The present work sought to implement a model different from the more traditional ones for the fermentation process of ethanol production by the action of the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using a relevant metabolic network based on the glycolytic Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas route, also called “EMP”. We developed two models to represent this phenomenon. In the first model, we used the simple and unbranched EMP route, with a constant concentration of microorganisms throughout the process and glucose as the whole substrate. We called this first model “SR”, regarding the Portuguese name “sem ramificações”, which means “no branches”. We developed the second model by simply adding some branches to the SR model. We called this model “CR”, regarding the Portuguese name “com ramificações”, which means “with branches”. Both models were implemented in MATLABTM software considering a constant temperature equal to 32 °C, similar to that practiced in sugar and ethanol plants, and a wide range of substrate concentrations, ranging from 30 to 100 g/L, and all the enzymes necessary for fermentation were already expressed in the cells so all the enzymes showed a constant concentration throughout the fermentation. The addition of common branches to the EMP route resulted in a considerable improvement in the results, especially predicting ethanol production closer to what we saw experimentally. Therefore, the results obtained are promising, making adjustments consistent with experimental data, meaning that all the models proposed here are a good basis for the development of future metabolic models of discontinuous fermentative processes.

<p><strong>Nomenclature and typification of <em>Staudtia pterocarpa</em> (Myristicaceae)</strong></p>

The tropical African genus Staudtia Warburg (1897a: 128) (Myristicaceae) is most often treated as consisting of two species, the widespread S. kamerunensis Warburg (1897a: 241) and the little-known S. pterocarpa Warburg (1897a: 243), the latter being endemic to the island of São Tomé (São Tomé and Príncipe, Gulf of Guinea). Staudtia pterocarpa has been known by the Portuguese common name Pau-Vermelho (vermelho meaning red), and the Santomean Portuguese names Vlêmê or Pó-Vlêmê, since at least the end of the 19th century (Negreiros 1895: 253). These common names are derived from the pressed bark that exudes a resinous red sap (Negreiros 1901: 85), this exudate being a characteristic feature of the family. The common names have also been explained as reflecting the colour of the timber. The core wood of the other species of Staudtia, S. kamerunensis, commonly known under the trade name Niove, could also take on an ochre-red colour [Phongphaew 2003: 142, as S. stipitata Warburg (1903: 384)]. At the beginning of the 20th century the timber of S. pterocarpa was considered excellent for construction and carpentry and the leaves were used medicinally (Negreiros 1901: 85). Presently the bark of S. pterocarpa is used in traditional medicine (Figueiredo et al. 2011). The species occurs in lowland forest up to ca. 1150 m above sea level and its conservation status is listed as Vulnerable (Oldfield et al. 1998, WCMC 1998).

Os contextos de mudança de SNLoc atributiva: um estudo de construcionalização lexical no Português

Baseados na Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso (LFCU), buscamos estudar a construção SNLoc atributiva no português contemporâneo, a qual resulta da forte integração de suas subpartes: SN e pronome adverbial locativo. Numa perspectiva pancrônica, tomamos como base o Corpus do Português, para a análise de sincronias passadas, e o Corpus Discurso & Gramática, para os usos do século XX. Por meio desses corpora, realizamos um estudo prioritariamente qualitativo, a fim de comprovar a hipótese de que SNLoc atributiva é um membro marginal da classe dos nomes do português, resultante de construcionalização lexical. A mudança linguística de que decorre tal esquema se inicia em contextos atípicos, nos usos dêiticos mais referenciais, como os dêiticos físicos (“quando eu tinha três anos... eu caí... aí tá até a cicatriz aqui...”) e os dêiticos catafóricos (“eu pretendo fazer um outro curso aí na universidade”). Por meio de usos dêiticos anafóricos (“tem uma passagem assim maneira da cozinha pra sala... com um balcãozinho... que a gente vai fazer um bar ali”) e dêiticos virtuais (“bota o óleo... aí vai... bota a galinha... aí deixa a galinha lá...”), que configuram contextos críticos, com ambiguidades de sentido e forma, chega-se à construção SNLoc atributiva, em um contexto de isolamento. São casos como: “daí começaram a correr ... a correr ... a correr e o homem atrás dele ... daí depois ... ele pegou uma moça lá toda doida ...”. Forma-se um novo esquema construcional da língua, no nível do léxico, assumindo um sentido de imprecisão e indefinição, distinto do original.

The taste of smoke: tobacco industry strategies to prevent the prohibition of additives in tobacco products in Brazil

BackgroundThe tobacco industry (TI) uses several strategies to attract new consumers, including using additives in tobacco products, which makes tobacco especially attractive to youth. Based on scientific evidence and the...

12th IFDC 2017 special issue – Brazilian Food Composition Table (TBCA): Development and functionalities of the online version

The first version of the Brazilian Food Composition Table (TBCA) website was created in 1998. Version 6.0, launched in 2017, was developed collaboratively by the Food Research Center, University of São Paulo and the Brazilian Network of Food Data Systems. It is freely available at www.fcf.usp.br/tbca. The updated version comprises two databases: (i) the Biodiversity and Regional Food Database (TBCA B-DB), which contains analytical data on Brazilian food biodiversity; and (ii) the Nutrient Intake Evaluation Database (TBCA NIE-DB), comprising data on most foods consumed in Brazil, including the content of 34 components. The TBCA NIE-DB presents composition data for more than 3400 foods, including raw foods, manufactured products and composite dishes. The data can be searched by food name in Portuguese or English or by the scientific name. Searches by food group or by component can also be performed, and reports are generated according to the data available and database accessed. A new functionality implemented in the website is the evaluation of energy intake for general users. TBCA NIE-DB is a tool for evaluating nutrient intake for individuals and populations and it assists professionals with dietary prescriptions. Computational tools using TBCA NIE-DB can be developed for various applications, such as generating personalized menus.

Program for the Neuropsychological Stimulation of Cognition in Students: Impact, Effectiveness, and Transfer Effects on Student Cognitive Performance.

Despite the crucial role played by the executive functions (EF) to cognitive, emotional, and social development of children before and during school years, little attention has been given to construct and analyze the efficacy of programs that intend to develop them. The program of neuropsychological stimulation of cognition in students: emphasis on EF, or PENcE (an acronym from its original name in Portuguese, Programa de Estimulação Neuropsicológica da Cognição em Escolares: ênfase nas Funções Executivas), is an early and preventive intervention program for school-aged children, and implemented at school three times a week for 5 months. The PENcE was structured in four modules, each focusing on a different executive component: organization and planning, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. The objectives of this study were to verify the effectiveness of the PENcE among elementary school children and to investigate whether there are transfer effects to other executive, cognitive, and academic abilities. The sample consisted of 113 children attending 3rd or 4th grade at two public elementary schools. Eight classes participated in the study, divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG) (four classes; n = 64), which received the intervention, and a control group (CG) (four classes; n = 49), which continued their regular school activities. The EF and academic skills of both participant groups were evaluated before and after the intervention. The EG showed significantly greater improvements in inhibitory control, working memory, and abstract planning relative to the CG, with a small to medium effect size. There were transfer effects to other cognitive and academic abilities. These findings suggest the PENcE may be a useful method of improving EF and could benefit both school-aged children and education professionals.

"Fotogramas do medo" na literatura portuguesa moderna e contemporânea

O presente artigo pretende, panoramicamente, destacar nomes basilares da literatura portuguesa moderna e contemporânea pela perspectiva do medo. Em um primeiro momento, apresentam-se as justificativas do foco na emoção, como tema e como elemento inerente da criação. A seguir, discutem-se os limites e dificuldades dessa abordagem. Por fim, a partir de nomes portugueses - mas não só -, desenvolvemos como o medo integra-se às obras ambivalentemente enquanto causa e efeito do ato de escrita. Ao destacarmos o medo, sobretudo na contemporaneidade, acreditamos encontrar uma proteção do trânsito dos afetos e uma resistência à banalização e/ou mecanização da experiência.

Design of Brand Names of Medicines Considering Subjects’ Preferences

Only recently, regulations on the names of medicines were developed. Regulations are mainly focused on avoiding the approval of medicine names that may be confusing to others. Furthermore, legal requirements do not include testing for human factors, such as potential users' preferences. To develop a set of new brand names of medicines, to determine subjects' preferred names, and to evaluate if the linguistic features of these names were related to subjects' preferences. Forty-six new names linguistically equivalent to the Portuguese brand names of medicines were developed. A panel of 13 postgraduates on linguistic studies were purposively enrolled. Participants were required to select and categorize the 6 most preferred names. From the 29 selected names: 62.1% ended in consonants, 65.5% contained at least one syllable of the CVC type, and 62.1% presented final stress. Considering these 3 linguistic features, there were statistically significant differences between the preferred and underpreferred names: χ2 = 4.572, P = .032; χ2 = 5.599, P = .018; and χ2 = 4.572; P = .032, respectively. Some linguistic features of the evaluated names were related to subjects' preferences. Tests on subjects' preferences about the names of medicines may provide additional safety features addressed by the present regulations.

Novas prácticas culturais en Portugal: Trinta Por Uma Linha e Tropelias & Companhia

Despois de facer unha serie de alusións ao contexto editorial portugués no relativo á Literatura Infantil e Xuvenil tras o remate da ditadura de Salazar, aproxímanse ao termo de axente cultural, no que inscriben o proxecto Trinta Por Uma Linha e o seu impulsor, João Manuel Ribeiro, investigador, estudoso e docente do ensino superior, ademais de ser un recoñecido poeta e contista. Sinálase que os catálogos dos dous selos que acolle, Trinta Por Uma Linha e Tropelias & Companhia, revelan un serio e documentado investimento no ámbito da Literatura Infantil e Xuvenil, a través da publicación de volumes da autoría dalgúns dos nomes portugueses máis representativos deste sistema literario e incluso doutros en proceso de emerxencia. Estes títulos engloban relevantes series, caso de “Rimas Traquinas”, e propoñen unha importante, a única do xénero en Portugal, colección de estudos ao redor da literatura para os máis novos, a colección “Percursos em Literatura Infantojuvenil”. Sublíñase tamén a resistencia destes selos por non caer ante as difíciles condicións económicas derivadas da crise e por continuar a cumprir unha importante función divulgativa e formativa.

Tracking the ancestral Portuguese name of the osprey across the Atlantic: hints from language, literature, history and geography

Guincho, the traditional Portuguese name of the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is unique and ancestral. It is found in several sorts of fictional literature from the 16th up to the early 20th centuries in the form of a metaphor born from an old popular proverb. The first time the name appears as the vernacular designation of the osprey is in a 17th falconry treatise, and then in old dictionaries and early ornithological monographs and catalogues throughout the 18th to early 20th centuries. In Portugal, however, the name barely survives, partly due to the species demise in the country during the 20th century, but mainly because it was gradually replaced by an erudite term in ornithological literature since the middle 19th century. However, given the conspicuousness of the species and its nests, the name and its composites are retained in a number of places along the coast. And, following the Portuguese diaspora of the 16th-18th centuries, the term spread to the archipelagos of Madeira, Cape Verde and the Canaries where it impregnated the local vocabulary and again gave the name to many coastal places. Then, it moved from the Canaries to the Spanish speaking areas of the Caribbean riding the mass migration of Canary Islanders to the new colonies. In consequence, the traditional Portuguese name of the osprey is still fully used in several island countries across the Atlantic. The remarkable presence of the ancestral Portuguese name of the osprey in language, literature and geography allows its rehabilitation as the proper popular name of the species and sanctions its legitimacy as a tool for reconstructing the ancient historical ranges of the osprey. Ultimately, revaluing the name is also a matter of cultural preservation, which compliments and enriches the current efforts for the species recovery in Portugal.

Future scenarios for the fruit and vegetable production and supply chain in the department of Valle del Cauca, 2019 horizon

This article presents the methodology, discussion, and results of the research project entitled “Analysis and Development of Future Scenarios for the Valle of Cauca Fruit and Vegetable Growing Chain for the 2019 Horizon”. The purpose is manifold: 1. Identifying the probable and possible future scenarios for the Valle of Cauca fruit and vegetable growing chain, applying for its analysis prospective methodologies recognized by the academic community and by the fruit and vegetable growers interested in the topic; 2. From the identified scenarios: trendential, optimistic and pessimistic, the Betting Scenario to which the sector’s actions of improvement must be oriented is defined; 3. To accomplish this, strategic guidelines are included in the betting scenario. Experts suggest that fruit and vegetable growers will define their projects and the strategies that would enable Valle del Cauca to improve its competitiveness in the sector, creating a positive impact on the region as well as increasing its exports; 4. The aforementioned is being supported by Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA, for its name in Portuguese) that uses technological prospective and involves other connected fields of knowledge. Its focus is to discover the technical and social issues affecting an agricultural productive chain using technology as a tool that provides solutions to the community or social groups that are part of the productive chain; 5. This analysis was done in two phases: diagnostic and prospective. In the diagnostic phase, the documental analysis and the consultation with growers, producers, and experts were carried out. In the prospective phase, consultation with experts and tools such as brain storming, the Regnier Abacus, and multi-criteria analysis were applied. For the scenarios design, the morphological analysis was applied.

Microanalysis characterization of bioactive protein-bound polysaccharides produced by Amanita ponderosa cultures.

Different compounds of edible mushrooms are responsible for their bioactivity. The ability to synthesize polysaccharides, namely protein-polysaccharide (PPS) complexes, is related to the antioxidant capacity of these compounds and present great interest in preventing a number of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and auto-immune diseases, and accelerated aging. Amanita ponderosa are wild edible mushrooms that grow in Mediterranean "montado" areas [Portuguese name given to cork oak (Quercus suber) and holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of PPS complexes obtained from A. ponderosa cultures using a new microanalytical approach to quickly and easily monitor the production process. Microanalysis using Fourier-transform infrared using attenuated total reflection and Raman spectroscopy of PPS samples showed spectra compatible with identification of this type of compound in culture extracts. PPS separated by size-exclusion chromatography showed seven main complexes. Molecular weights of the main PPS complexes isolated from cultures ranged between 1.5 and 20 kDa and did not present toxicity against Artemia salina, demonstrating the potential of A. ponderosa as a source of biologically active compounds with nutraceutical value. Application of this microanalytical approach to monitoring the production of PPS compounds can be successfully applied in biotechnological processes.

E-Maturity: entrelaçando gestão, tecnologia e pedagogia

Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem teórica que busca compreender e conceituar o termo e-maturity (maturidade eletrônica), cujo estudo se justifica por ser foco da pesquisa de doutorado intitulada Ematurity: gestão da tecnologia em função da melhoria do desempenho educacional, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informática na Educação (PPGIE), da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Para fundamentar o termo (e-maturity) utilizado na pesquisa, retomamos a Teoria da Maturidade-imaturidade, de Chris Argyris (1969), e, buscamos naEngenharia de Software, o Modelo de Maturidade de Capacidade deSoftware- CMM.

Preço dos medicamentos utilizados nas doenças cardiovasculares no Brasil

Diseases of the circulatory system are a principal cause of mortality in Brazil. Using as a basis drugs dispensed through Brazil's Popular Pharmacy Program (FPB, for its name in Portuguese), prices for drugs used to treat circulatory diseases were analyzed to identify the advantages of using generic drugs and the FPB. Drug prices were obtained using Brazil's Pharmacy Price Guide and FPB price tables. The costs of 15 drugs available through the FPB were compared with those of three generic pharmaceutical products, three similar products, and the reference drug. The generic drugs were lower in price for 10 of the drugs and for four of the similar products. The FPB drugs were of the lowest price. Generic and FPB drugs are easily accessed by the population and thus facilitate the continuity of pharmacotherapy when these drugs are not available through the Unified Health System and/or are not affordable through other means. Access to drugs should be taken into consideration at the time prescriptions are filled, especially as regards those used to treat chronic diseases.

Nutritional status and epidemiological profile of elderly people

We intended to identify and evaluate the association between the socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics of elderly people with their nutritional characteristics. This is a transversal study PMTI (from the Portuguese name of “Programa Municipal da Terceira Idade”), conducted at Viçosa, MG, Brazil. We analyzed 93 records of elderly people registered since 2006 and who underwent nutritional care. After having analyzed the questionnaire, we performed the descriptive and association analyses in the Epi Info (version 6.04) and Minitab softwares. Of the 93 analyzed records, most elderly people were women (80.4%), with an average of 72 years of age, of which 13.0% were long-lived people. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.4kg/m2, and 50.5% were overweight. We have found 26.8% elderly patients with hypertension, and 31.6% took antihypertensives. Elderly patients who were overweight are 4.54 times more likely to have arterial hypertension (odds ratio (OR)=4.54; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.2–2.45). Only 7.5% smoked, 30.1% were alcoholics and 60.2% made physical activities. Inadequacies were found regarding the servings of fruits, dairy products, vegetables and sugars consumed. However, the servings of cereals, leguminous, meat and fat consumed were appropriate. This study showed that the nutritional diagnosis and the epidemiological and socio-demographic studies are critical tools to understand this population group, in addition to being important to the planning of health actions.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a phonoaudiology program for the rehabilitation of dysphagia in the elderly

The object of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a phonoaudiology rehabilitation program directed towards the degenerative changes of the neurophysiological mechanisms responsible for the upper digestive system compromised by the age between 80 and 90 years, in a regime of internment in a long permanence institution in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which express, bodily, their difficulty in swallowing food of liquid or pasty consistency. To achieve such an object, the current study was developed in an experimental format or design, comprised of a sample group of 23 elderly subjects, of both genders, undergoing evaluation by the phonoaudiology protocol for evaluating the risk of dysphagia (abbreviated from the Portuguese name: Protocolo de Avaliação do Risco para Disfagia = PARD), pre- and post-intervention procedure. The developed program used the indirect therapy approach based on the adaptive myotherapeutic and myofunctional stimulation, contemplating two isometric and isokinetic orofacial active myotherapeutic exercises, two passive myotherapeutic manipulations for the supra-hyoidal musculature, as well as adaptive cephalic postural maneuvres, associated to the intra-oral olfactive and gustative sensory stimulation. The evolution of the individuals was analyzed before and after the therapy by estimating the capacity of swallowing food in the liquid fluid (LF) consistency, by the paired Student t-test, giving a p = 0.01, making the difference of 2.31 between the 2 evaluations statistically significant. The changes produced by the PARD program in the capacity of individuals in swallowing food of a pasty consistency were also significant when analyzing the variance of the results on the 2 instances by using the F-test (pre- and post-intervention difference = 4.47, p = 0.039).

A socio-demographic study of aging in the Portuguese population: The EPEPP study

The increase in life expectancy (LE) observed in Western societies, has resulted in a steep rise of older population. This stresses the importance of the research on aging, to better adequate health and social care organization and improve the quality of life (QoL). The aim of the EPEPP-1 (abbreviated from the Portuguese name: Estudo do Perfil de Envelhecimento da População Portuguesa) study was to characterize the socio-demographic components of the elderly Portuguese population in order to disclose factors that could play a role in the aging process and in the elderly QoL. This observational descriptive study, was performed in 2672 individuals older than 54 years taking into account gender and the residence area (rural vs. urban). A questionnaire about social network (marital status, living alone, the hours spent alone, confidents), and social status (education, occupation) was applied. Social network score revealed significant age and gender trends, women and older people performing worst, but with no difference according to residence area. Almost a third was unmarried and spent eight or more hours per day alone, and a fifth lived alone. Social status revealed that being older female and resident in a rural area quoted worst in the prevalence of illiteracy and undifferentiated occupation. The authors concluded that social isolation, illiteracy and undifferentiated occupation are prevalent in Portuguese older population. Identification of further determinants of isolation, adjustment of procedures to be included in social networks and development of actions directed to education are important fields of intervention influencing the elderly QoL.

John Hyacinth de Magellan (1722–90): 18th century physicist with views on medical matters

John Hyacinth de Magellan, whose Portuguese name was João Hyacintho de Magalhaens, though not a doctor nevertheless had many contacts with doctors and showed a genuine interest in disseminating medical news to his many friends and correspondents in Europe. The abundant and less formal correspondence with his friend Ribeiro Sanches forms the greater part of the work but in letters to other correspondents, including Trudaine de Montigny, Condorcet, Volta, J A Euler, Fabroni and Johann III Bernoulli, we find comments on medical subjects. The Sanches letters are particularly interesting because they are private, friend-to-friend letters that convey spontaneous and sincere thoughts and feelings.