Portable Pools Research Articles

A qualitative analysis of parents' beliefs about portable pool safety behaviours.

The aim of this study was to develop an in-depth understanding of the beliefs parents hold regarding portable pool safety behaviours using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (N = 15) of children aged 5 years and younger who owned a portable pool. Interviews examined three key safety behaviours: supervising within arms' reach, fencing portable pools deeper than 30 cm, and emptying and storing portable pools safely after use. Parents identified a range of advantages, disadvantages, normative influences, and facilitators and barriers towards the three behaviours. The identification of these salient behavioural, normative, and control beliefs enrich limited understandings of portable pool safety behaviours of parents with young children. Current findings fill a knowledge gap in portable pool safety and provide potential targets for messages to improve parents' behaviours for their young children around portable pools in the hope of preventing loss of life.

Provisioning Australian Seed Carrot Agroecosystems with Non-Floral Habitat Provides Oviposition Sites for Crop-Pollinating Diptera

The addition of floral resources is a common intervention to support the adult life stages of key crop pollinators. Fly (Diptera) crop pollinators, however, typically do not require floral resources in their immature life stages and are likely not supported by this management intervention. Here, we deployed portable pools filled with habitat (decaying plant materials, soil, water) in seed carrot agroecosystems with the intention of providing reproduction sites for beneficial syrphid (tribe Eristalini) fly pollinators. Within 12 to 21 days after the pools were deployed, we found that the habitat pools supported the oviposition and larval development of two species of eristaline syrphid flies, Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758) and Eristalinus punctulatus (Macquart, 1847). Each habitat pool contained an average (±S.E.) of 547 ± 117 eristaline fly eggs and 50 ± 17 eristaline fly larvae. Additionally, we found significantly more eggs were laid on decaying plant stems and carrot roots compared to other locations within the pool habitat (e.g., on decaying carrot umbels, leaves, etc.). These results suggest that deploying habitat pools in agroecosystems can be a successful management intervention that rapidly facilitates fly pollinator reproduction. This method can be used to support future studies to determine if the addition of habitat resources on intensively cultivated farms increases flower visitation and crop pollination success by flies.

Pemanfaatan Energi Listrik Portabel untuk Penerangan dan Aerator Kolam

The potential of Wirokerten Village, Banguntapan District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region is quite a lot. The potentials were tourist villages, herbal medicines, BUMDes (fishing, paving block factory construction, hydroponics, and waste sorting). Currently, Wirokerten village had four hectares of land for fisheries which BUMDes manage. However, some things were a problem for the fish breeder group: the absence of water filters for pools so that the water was free from harmful bacteria, water that lack oxygen in each pool, so it could not be used for fish breeding, and lack of lighting at the location of the pool, because the lighting was taken from residents' homes by pulling long cables while the distance from residential areas was quite far. The solution to these problems requires supporting technology to realize the expectations of fish farmer groups, namely portable aerators and pool lighting and water filters to sterilize waste in pool water reservoirs. The purpose of this community service was to help fish farming groups to be able to do fish breeding and rearing independently with the help of aerators and portable lighting and to be able to filter water in pool water reservoirs before it flows into each pool plot.

A Case Study of Lifesaving Swimming Lessons for Elementary School Using an Air Dome and Portable Swimming Pools

A Case Study of Lifesaving Swimming Lessons for Elementary School Using an Air Dome and Portable Swimming Pools

The prevention of child drowning: the causal factors and social determinants impacting fatalities in portable pools

There is a scarcity of research into portable pool drowning and its prevention. This total population study examines fatal drowning among children under five in portable pools in Australia. All child drowning deaths in portable pools for the period 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2018 were identified. A portable pool was defined as any structure used for swimming and wading which, when emptied, can be moved. Twenty-three children (aged 0-17years) drowned in portable pools. The drowning rate for children less than 5years of age was 0.09 per 100000 population. The peak age of death was 12-23months (RR=2.99; CI: 1.09-8.23), with the majority (n=20 deaths) aged 16-31months. Ninety per cent followed a fall into water. None were supervised. Children commonly resided in areas classified as socially and economically disadvantaged (85%; n=17). Drowning rates in very remote areas were 15 times greater (RR=15.41; CI: 0.03-7579.65) than city children. Eleven (55%) drowning deaths occurred in pools with a depth >300mm, of which 10 (91%) were known to be unfenced. Social determinants impact child drowning in portables pools, which can occur quickly and in just 150mm of water. Active supervision and a regulation-compliant barrier are effective prevention stratagems, factors which were absent from the deaths in this study. SO WHAT?: Portable pool drowning disproportionately impacts those aged 16-31months who reside in very remote areas and areas classified as having high socio-economic disadvantage. Education for these groups on fencing and supervision of children must be provided.

소규모 초등학교에서의 간이수영장을 이용한 생존수영교육 실행경험

본 연구는 농촌지역의 한 소규모 초등학교에서 간이수영장을 활용한 생존수영교육의 실행경험을 드러내고 이를 토 대로 소규모 학교에서의 수영교육의 활성화를 위한 시사점을 제안하는 데 그 목적이 있었다. 이를 위하여 Kemmis 와 McTaggart(1988)의 자기반성적 실행연구 사이클을 이용하여 2017년도에 2주간 실시했던 간이수영장을 이용 한 생존수영교육을 반성하고, 2018년도에 새로운 계획을 수립하여 수영교육을 실행하며 그 경험을 드러내고자 하 였다. 자료 수집은 참여관찰, 심층면담, 관련 문서자료 등을 이용하였으며, Spradley(1979)가 제안한 영역분석과 분류분석을 통해 수집된 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 1차 년도의 생존수영교육의 반성과정에서는 물놀이에 집중 된 생존수영교육, 시설 활용의 불편과 어려움, 물에 대한 체험기회 확대의 필요성 인식 등의 시행착오 속에서 생존 수영교육의 방향성을 모색하는 경험을 하였다. 2차 년도의 수영교육 계획과정에서는 간이수영장 설치의 정당성 확 보 노력, 생존 프로그램과 물놀이의 통합적 프로그램 구성, 생존수영교육 제반환경 개선시도 등의 생존수영교육의 튼실한 기반다지기를 경험하였다. 수영교육 실행과정에서는 또래와의 상호작용을 통한 수영기능 습득, 물에 대한 두려움 극복 등의 의미가 있었으나 예상보다 길어진 장마로 인한 교육과정 운영 시수의 부족에 대한 대처가 미흡하 여 아쉬움을 남기기도 하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 수영장 설치‧운영을 위한 법제적 정비와 생존수영교육을 위 한 인적‧물적 사항의 정비 필요라는 시사점을 도출하였다.

Aboveground Swimming Pool Ladder Safety

Child drownings continue to be problematic in aboveground and portable pools. Attempts to address the hazard posed by child access to aboveground pools through on-product warnings and instruction manuals have not been effective in stemming the incidence of drowning. Utilizing the safety hierarchy to implement other higher-level risk reduction methods (such as making pool ladders child-resistant) has the potential to greatly reduce this risk. Preliminary research studied child subjects to determine their ability to access a pool using various aboveground pool ladder designs, each of which contained varying levels of child resistance and active versus passive safety devices. This effort has significant implications for the incorporation of child resistance principles into the design of consumer products intended for children under supervision.

English

The growth of Chlorella vulgaris in open pond aquatic conditions poses serious challenges due to the interplay of both physico-chemical and biotic factors. We report here the monitoring of physico-chemical and biotic parameters affecting the propagation of C. vulgaris seed culture for inoculation of a large scale raceway pond (300 000 L capacity) in South Africa. The C . vulgaris strain used for this purpose was isolated from a wastewater maturation pond and characterized for its potential for biomass and lipid production. The isolate was grown aseptically in 4 × 25 L aspirator bottles in BG-11 medium under ambient laboratory conditions and the culture was supplied with filtered air and exposed to 200 µmol photons per m 2 per second using Gro-Lux agricultural fluorescent lights. The culture was transferred to a 500 L capacity portable pool under open conditions. This pond was used to further inoculate 3 more portable ponds. Physico-chemical and biotic growth parameters were monitored on a daily basis in the three ponds. The over reliance on fossil fuels will have a major impact on power supply in the near future if renewable sources of energy are not developed at a fast pace. The developed inoculum was subsequently used to inoculate an open raceway pond for large scale biomass production for biodiesel production. Keywords: Biodiesel, biomass, inoculum, lipid, raceway pond, seed culture African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(31) 3607-3616

Kids can drown in inflatable pools too!

BackgroundInflatable and portable swimming pools are increasing in popularity due to their easy set up and affordability, especially among low socioeconomic communities who may not be able to afford a...

Pools2Schools – A watersafe Auckland Initiative for school aquatic education

The Pools2Schools programme aimed to deliver a multi-dimensional aquatics education programme within a cluster of schools. Funded by Sport Auckland, the programme consisted of professional development for teachers, poolside support,...

Pediatric Submersion Events in Portable Above-Ground Pools in the United States, 2001–2009

The goal of this study was to describe the epidemiology of pediatric submersion events occurring in portable pools in the United States. A retrospective analysis of fatal and nonfatal submersion events involving children younger than 12 years in portable pools was conducted using injury and fatality data compiled by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission from 2001 through 2009. There were 209 fatal and 35 nonfatal submersion cases reported to the commission from 2001 through 2009. The majority (94%) involved children younger than 5 years, 56% involved boys, 73% occurred in the child's own yard, and 81% occurred during the summer months. The number of submersion events increased rapidly from 2001 to 2005 and then leveled off from 2005 to 2009. The use of portable pools in residential settings poses a significant risk of submersion-related morbidity and mortality to children, especially in the <5-year-old age group. No single strategy will prevent all submersion deaths and injuries; therefore, layers of protection are recommended. Industry is advised to engage in development of protective devices that are effective and affordable for portable pools, including isolation fencing, pool alarms, and safety covers. A strong and pervasive consumer education campaign is needed to make consumers aware of the dangers of portable pools, because these small, inexpensive, consumer-installed pools may not generate the same sense of risk as an in-ground pool.

Pediatric Submersion Events in Portable Above-Ground Pools in the United States, 2001-2009

Pediatric Submersion Events in Portable Above-Ground Pools in the United States, 2001-2009

Training survival swim to prevent drowning for children at primary school in Da Nang city, Summer 2009

Drowning is a global public health problem. In Vietnam, according to Vietnam Multi-centre Injury Survey, drowning was the leading killer of children under 18 years old with the rate of...

Emergency Response Spill Cleanup of Wood Treating Waste

Abstract The use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) solution for pressure treating wood is an accepted method for extending the useful life of wood. However, the wood treating solution can be hazardous to the environment if spilled or improperly handled. In the spring of 1989, a fire at a wood treating plant in western Canada resulted in the accidental spill of a large amount of treating solution containing 3% CCA, along with a spill of an organic based wood dye. These two solutions combined with firefighting effluents and rain water to produce in excess of 100,000 US gallons of wastewater. The wastewater was contained on-site in ditches, portable pools, and tanker trucks. The British Columbia Ministry of the Environment (MOE) ordered the treatment of the waste prior to discharge to a nearby water course. A skid-mounted reverse osmosis/ion exchange treatment system was employed for the cleanup operation. Approximately 90,000 US gallons of the wood treating waste were processed over a 3 week period. The system was operated in a 70% recovery mode, where 70% of the feed wastewater was treated for discharge and the remaining 30% of concentrate was recovered for reuse in the wood treating plant. The quality of the treated effluent was confirmed by the MOE as suitable for discharge. The CCA level in the feed wastewater was reduced by &amp;gt;99.9% to &amp;lt;0.05 mg/L in the treated effluent. Wood dye was not visibly detected in the treated effluent. The productivity of the system decreased over the first 2 weeks of operation as the reverse osmosis membranes conditioned to the wastewater, and eventually attained a stable performance during the last week of operation as fouling became controlled. The results of this cleanup operation indicate the effectiveness of reverse osmosis followed by ion exchange polishing for treating spills of this nature, as well as other wastewater streams containing low concentrations of organic and inorganic contaminants.

A Portable Swimming Pool

A Portable Swimming Pool