Port-Said Governorate Research Articles

Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of foot and mouth disease virus vaccine strains and recent field isolate

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) control is a national and regional responsibility. FMD outbreaks were detected in three farms in Port-Said Governorate in 2020, although animals in these farms were vaccinated with the local polyvalent inactivated vaccine. Samples from tongue epithelium and vesicular fluid were collected from these farms, where FMDV isolation was performed on BHK-21 cell culture. Viral RNA was extracted from the virus isolates, and vaccine strains were then screened for FMDV using conventional Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The substitution rates and phylogenetic relationship between the field isolate and the vaccine strains were determined using DNA sequence and bioinformatics analyses. The results illustrate that the sequence analysis for the 1D region of FMDV field isolate was serotype A‑Africa topotype, Genotype IV, and closely related to isolated A‑Africa topotype Genotype IV by Animal Health Research Institute, 2020 with nucleotide similarity ranging from 97.1% to 99.74%, and revealing genetic variation of 5.63-7.88% from previously Egyptian isolated A‑Africa topotype, Genotype IV in 2016 and 2018. High genetic variations were determined from the locally used vaccine strain serotype A of the Asia topotype, lineage Iran‑05, in the major antigenic sites of the VP1 region with a nucleotide difference of 26.34%. Depending on these findings, the Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute produced an emergency inactivated monovalent vaccine using the newly isolated strain, and we recommended adding it to the subsequent prepared vaccine batches.

Detection of pelA and associated virulence genes in emerging multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant (MDR and XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Oreochromis niloticus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the common pathogens causing serious infections in fish, consequently high economic losses in freshwater aquaculture. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity, and distribution of virulence genes (oprL, toxA, exoS, fliC and pelA) and antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM and blaCTX-M) related to natural infection of P.aeurginosa among some cultured freshwater fish. A total of 100 Oreochromis niloticus fish were randomly collected from EL-Manzla lake in Port-Said Governorate, Egypt. Clinical and bacteriological examinations were performed on P. aeruginosa, recovered from O. niloticus (32/100; 32%). The PCR results revealed that all isolates harboured 16srRNA conserved gene, oprL virulence gene, whereas only 87.1%, 84.3% were positive for the toxA and pelA gene, respectively. In addition only 37.5% and 15.7% were positive for the fliC and exoS gene, respectively. Depending on the antibiotic sensiti­vity and molecular analysis of resistance genes, 12.5% of the tested isolates exhibited multi‑drug resistance (MDR) to four antimicrobial classes (penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines and sulfonamides) and harboured the blaTEM and blaCTX-M resistance genes as well as oprL, toxA and pelA virulence genes. MDR to three antimicrobial classes (penicillins, cephalosporins and fluroquinolones) was demonstrated by 9.4% of the tested isolates which harboured the blaTEM and blaCTX-M resistance genes as well as oprL, toxA and pelA virulence genes. Of tested isolates, 12.5% exhibited extensive drug resistance (XDR) to five antimicrobial classes (penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and sulfonamides) harbouring the blaTEM and blaCTX-M resistance genes as well as oprL, toxA, exoS and pelA virulence genes. The emergence of MDR and XDR strains is regarded as a public health issue and indicates improper treatment and a bad prognosis of infections caused by P. aeru­ginosa

Newly Emerging MDR B. cereus in Mugil seheli as the First Report Commonly Harbor nhe, hbl, cytK, and pc-plc Virulence Genes and bla1, bla2, tetA, and ermA Resistance Genes.

BackgroundBacillus cereus is a common food poisoning pathogen in humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, molecular typing, antibiogram profile, pathogenicity, dissemination of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes associated with natural B. cereus infection among Mugil seheli.MethodsConsequently, 120 M. seheli (40 healthy and 80 diseased) were obtained from private fish farms in Port-said Governorate, Egypt. Afterward, samples were processed for clinical, post-mortem, and bacteriological examinations. The recovered isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, phenotypic assessment of virulence factors, pathogeneicity, and PCR-based detection of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes.ResultsB. cereus was isolated from 30 (25%) examined fish; the highest prevalence was noticed in the liver (50%). The phylogenetic and sequence analyses of the gyrB gene revealed that the tested B. cereus isolate displayed a high genetic similarity with other B. cereus strains from different origins. All the recovered B. cereus isolates (n =60, 100%) exhibited β-hemolytic and lecithinase activities, while 90% (54/60) of the tested isolates were biofilm producers. Using PCR, the tested B. cereus isolates harbor nhe, hbl, cytK, pc-plc, and ces virulence genes with prevalence rates of 91.6%, 86.6%, 83.4%, 50%, and 33.4%, respectively. Moreover, 40% (24/60) of the tested B. cereus isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to six antimicrobial classes and carried the bla1, bla2, tetA, and ermA genes. The experimentally infected fish with B. cereus showed variable mortality in direct proportion to the inoculated doses.ConclusionAs far as we know, this is the first report that emphasized the existence of MDR B. cereus in M. seheli that reflects a threat to the public health and the aquaculture sector. Newly emerging MDR B. cereus in M. seheli commonly carried virulence genes nhe, hbl, cytK, and pc-plc, as well as resistance genes bla1, bla2, tetA, and ermA.

Effect of implementing bundle care on reducing early Postpartum haemorrhage among primiparous

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is associated with an increased risk of complications after delivery for both the mother and the newborn in postnatal period and later life. Aim: Aim of the study was to assess the effect of implementing bundle care on reducing early postpartum haemorrhage among primiparous.Methods: A quasi-experimental design (nonequivalent control group pretest/posttest) was adopted. Setting: The current study was conducted in the postpartum words of Obstetrics and Gynecology department in Maternity hospital, Portsaid Governorate, Egypt. A purposive sample of 70 primiparous with early PPH was carefully chosen from the nominated setting and dispersed accidentally into two equal groups (study and control group). Two tools were used for collecting the study data: A structured interviewing questionnaire schedule and tool of bundle care of early PPH that consists of three parts.Results: There is a statistically significant difference between the study and control groups in reducing early PPH among primiparous and improve outcomes. The current study results display that the primiparous outcomes improved in study group compared to control group which seemed in mild of bleeding 68.6% in study group, 37.1in control group and conscious level 94.3% in study group, 60% in control group with normal conscious level. The study group have lower complications, compared to complications of the control group. Conclusion: Bundle care was effective in decreasing blood loss complications of early PPH. Recommendations: Bundle care should be recommended as a nursing intervention protocol and should become a fundamental part of the total management of early PPH.

Elderly Mistreatment from Family Caregivers: The hidden Face of Elderly abuse

Abstract Background: Elder mistreatment is a well-recognized public health issue with complex underlying factors. A shared living arrangement for elderly people may increase the risk for abuse, particularly physical, psychological, and financial abuse. Objective: To assess the elderly mistreatment from family caregivers and their risk factors. Design: a descriptive cross-sectional. Setting: The study was carried out in twelve primary health care centers at Port-Said Governorate, and outpatient clinics for the elderly at Port Said Psychiatric Health Hospital. Participants: Sample was composed of 912 elderly persons, who were selected by the cluster sampling technique. Methods: Three tools were utilized to collect data; firstly socio-demographic characteristics of the elderly and independence scale in daily life activities. Second tool was the Vulnerability abuse screening scale, last one was elder assessment instrument. Results: The neglect was the predominant type of elder mistreatment, followed by abandonment and exploitation, while physical abuse was the least frequent. Conclusion: The results indicated that the neglect was a highly abuse domain among elderly people. Moreover, the elderly who older, dependent, and living with a caregiver are more vulnerable to mistreatment. Recommendations: There was an urgent need for developing a psycho-educational program for caregivers of elderly people about the prevention of elderly mistreatment with qualified and trained psychiatric nurses.

Virulence -Determinants and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Salmonella Species Isolates from Fancy Pigeons in Port-Said Governorate, Egypt

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of salmonellosis among fancy pigeons in Port- Said Governorate, Egypt. Two hundred (150 pet stores and 50 lofts) samples were collected from pigeons suffered from general signs of illness, joint lesions and diarrhea. Bacteriological and serological analysis revealed 12 (6%) isolate of Salmonella species distributed among eight serotypes, in which S. Virchow was more frequently isolated (25%), followed by S. Typhimurium and S. Paratyphi (16.6% each). Meanwhile, S. Akay, S. Salamae, S. Anderlecht, S. Magherafelt and S. Montevideo were 8.3%, each. All Salmonella isolates showed 100% sensitivity towards norfloxacin followed by ciprofloxacin (83.3%). On the other hand, ten Salmonella serotypes showed high resistance to erythromycin and rifampicin by 91.7 %. However, 42.1% of the recovered isolates exhibited Multi drug resistant (MDR) and 16.6% exhibited Extensive drug resistant (XDR) to different antibiotics. Molecular detection of 5 virulence genes (invA, stn, sop E1, pefAand fimH) among four chosen Salmonella serotypes (S. Paratyphi, S. Typhimurium, S. Virchow, S. Montevideo) using conventional PCR revealed the presence of invA, stn and fimH genes in all examined Salmonella serotypes. Meanwhile, sop E1 and pefA genes were detected only between S. Virchow and S. Typhimurium, respectively.

IMPLEMENTING LABORATORY QUALITY MANAGEMENT STANDARDS TO IMPROVE CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES IN PORTSAID GOVERNMENTAL HOSPITALS

LQMS helps laboratories to enhance internal laboratory processes, attain workers and client satisfaction. undefeated achieving of (LQMS) could be an obligatory demand to pass national and international accreditation. during this study, analysis of (QSI) in 2 major laboratories generally hospitals in Port-said governorate in Arabic Republic of Egypt, covering all system necessities were administrated. The study analysis was administrated by rating the degree of achievement of (QS’s) parts in several executive activities of laboratory system. knowledge was collected by checking the labs’ processes against the World Health Organization check list’s demand. This study, emphasize that safety coaching is a necessary component, and might function as a significant role in making sensibility and connotation to achieve (QS) in sanitary experimenting lab. Therefore, ought to be time coaching within portions of lab. activities specially safety. Project conclude that safety defects were the main challenge in sanitary experimenting labs interpret necessity for the concept of safety national and international customary necessities of (QS) achievement, maintaining for enhancing (Q) actions of labs and assess accreditation. Ignore the achievement of (QS) will give rise a drop in services and therefore accreditation opportunity.

FACTORS AFFECTING SAFE CLINICAL PRACTICES AS PERCEIVED BY STUDENTS AT TECHNICAL NURSING INSTITUTE IN PORT-SAID

Background: Nursing is a practice-based discipline with clinical practice being central to nursing education Therefore; preregistration education mission is to ensure that nursing students can meet quality and safety standards set for patient care. Unsafe students practice is described as a behavior that places the patient or staff in either physical or emotional jeopardy. Aim: to detect factors affecting safe clinical practices as perceived by students at technical nursing institute in Port-Said governorate. A descriptive comparative research design was utilized with a sample 166 students of technical nursing institute, (81 students) of the first and (85 students) of second year. Tool of data collection: A clinical safety practices of nursing students' questionnaire sheet was used. Results: concerning the effective level (60%=1.8), First year student have not reach it regarding any factor but second year students reach it regarding two factors which is the educational program and unsafe staff nurse`s practices. There was statistically significant relation between first and second year students regarding unsafe clinical nurse educator`s practices, unsafe nursing students –Clinical nursing educator relationship and The educational program at (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: More than half of first year students perceived the most effecting factor is unsafe clinical learning environment. In addition, more than half of second year students the most effecting factor is the educational program. Recommendations: Developing the educational program to pay an equal attention to the clinical practices and the theoretical knowledge.

PEDIATRIC NURSES' PERCEPTION AND PRACTICES REGARDING NEONATAL DISCHARGE FROM NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS

Background: Today's, the neonatal discharge planning care has been an indispensable component of neonatal intensive care. However, this comes with various challenges. So, pediatric nurses must be able to provide effective nursing care and to be awareof their roles, to achieve successful discharge of baby from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.Aim: to assess pediatric nurses’perception and practices regarding neonatal discharge from Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Study Design: a descriptive design was utilized in this study. Setting:The study wascarried out in NeonatalIntensive Care Units, at general hospitals in Port-Said Governorate, Egypt.Subjects andMethod: Sixty pediatricnurseswere included in the present study. Data were collected using NICU discharge practices questionnaire, andNICU discharge perception scale. Results: Themain finding of thisstudy revealed that all pediatric nurses hadpoor neonatal discharge practices, while the majority of them had good perception regarding neonatal discharge.Conclusion: There waspositive statistical significant correlation between pediatric nurses' practices andtheir perception regarding neonatal discharge.Recommendation:Continuous trainingprogramwas recommended for pediatric nurses to enhance their perception and improve their skills toward neonatal discharge.

The inhibitory effect of some chemical food preservatives on the growth of some isolated dairy products fungi

Fungi are an important food borne pathogen involved in a variety of invasive disease so the current study aimed to detect the frequency of contaminated dairy products by fungi. Sixty samples of milk products were collected randomly from different areas in Port-Said governorate namely dry cheese (Romi cheese), shredded cheese (mozzarella cheese), processed cheese (triangle cheese), soft cheese (tallaga cheese) and packed cheese (tetra pack cheese). Fungi were isolated by cultivation on selective media (chloramphenicol yeast extract agar). The isolated fungi included Aspergillus flavus (2.63%), Fusarium oxysporum (13.16%), Mucor circinelloides (2.63%), Penicillium italicum (10.53%), Penicillium freii (2.63%), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (2.63%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (65.79%). It was also found that Romi cheese is the most contaminated product with fungi with a rate of 47.37%. One of the goals of this study is to determine the effect of the chemical food preservatives used in cheese manufacturing on fungi according to Egyptian standard specifications. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most sensitive one where it had the highest zone of inhibition of 25 mm for Natamycin. While Aspergillus flavus is the most resistant fungus.

Implementation of patient safety international standards quality tools to improve communication in Ophthalmology specialized hospital Port-said governorate.

Every day, tens if not hundreds of thousands of errors occur in the healthcare system. To Err is Human estimates that 44.000 to 98.000 hospitalized patients die annually. In response to To Err is Human a major federal initiative was launched to reduce medical error and improve the patient safety. Our aim is to improve effective communication between healthcare providers in El- RAMAD specialist hospital to ensure patient safety. The implementation of quality tools like Brainstorming, Priority matrix, Pareto chart, Fishbone diagram, and the Deming cycle (PDCA) help us to identify the most influential cause in ineffective communication and to create action plan for problem solving and continuous improvement. From our project we conclude that failure to report critical result in timely manner is the most influential cause so the commitment to implement patient safety standards especially effective communication standards in our hospital according to policies, guidelines, and protocols is the most important recommendation to ensure patient safety.

SELF-CARE PRACTICES REGARDING PREVENTION OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG SECONDARY NURSING STUDENTS

BackGround: Adolescents self-care practices and hygienic care are a critical issues that determines the health status of them. This study aimed to assess the preventive self-care practices againsturinary tract infection (UTI) among secondary nursing students. A cross sectional descriptive design was adopted. All secondary nursing schools in Port-Said Governorate were the setting. A total of 247of female nursing students were recruited suing simple random sampling technique. An interviewing Questionnaire sheet was used to assess students' self- care practices regarding prevention of UTI.The results revealed that 72.1% of girls had poor level of knowledge regarding anatomy and physiology of the urinary system and urinary tract infection. While, less than two-thirds of them had inadequate total practices. The results showed that, strong positive correlation was detected between students' total knowledge score andtotal practice score. Conclusion: Majority of nursing students scored poor level of knowledge regarding UTIs and its preventive hygienic practices. Recommendations: more attention should be given to establish educational strategies towards improving female students' health awareness in this topic.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Meat and Meat Products

A total of 250 random samples of meat and meat products 50 of each meat, luncheon, burger, minced meat and sausagesamples were collected from different butchers in Port-Said Governorate. All samples were subjected to bacteriological examination for isolation and identification of Staph. aureus.The results revealed that the Staph. aureus wasisolated in a percentage of 55 (22%). The prevalence of Staph. aureus isolates in the examined meat, luncheon, burger, minced meat and sausage samples were 14%, 20%, 30% ,34% and 12%, respectively. Coagulase positive Staph. aureus (CPS) was isolated in percentage of 33(60%) from the examined meat, luncheon, burger, minced meat and sausage samples. CPS isolates could be detected in meat, luncheon, burger, minced meat and sausage samples with a percentage of 57.15%, 600%, 60%, 58.82% and 66.66%, respectively. The antibiotic resistance of coagulase positive Staph. aureus using 14 antibacterial drugs by disk diffusion method were resistant to Cephalexin, Chloramphenicol, Cprofloxacin, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Trimethoprim + Sulphamethoxazole, Gentamicin and Streptomycin and found with a percentage of 87.88%, 84.85%, 75.76%, 72.73%, 72.73%, 69.70%, 63.64%, 60.60% and 57.58% respectively. The conventional PCR assays were developed with specific primers for the detection of different types of virulence genes in 20 strong CPS strains as protein A in Staphyloccocus (spa), coagulase (coa), haemolysin (hlg) and intacellular adhesion (icaA) while multiplex PCR assay were developed to detect of two types of Staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea and seb). The PCR amplification of the spa gene was 3/4, 2/4, 1/4, 1/4 and 2/4 coagulase positive Staph. aureus at 226 bp from meat, luncheon, burger, minced meat and sausage respectively, While the all 20 confirmed coagulase positive Staph. aureus was examined for coagulase (coa) gene using specific gene were positive at 360 bp. 0/4, 2/4, 0/4, 0/4 and 2/4. Identified coagulase positive Staph. aureus isolates were amplified the diagnostic DNA band successfully at 937 bp for hlg gene from meat, luncheon, burger, minced meat and sausage were 4/4, 3/4, 3/4, 3/4 and 2/4 respectively. Amplification of the icaA gene was 4/4, 3/4, 3/4, 3/4 and 2/4 at 1315 bp from meat, luncheon, burger, minced meat and sausage respectively. Multiplex PCR could successfully amplify the diagnostic DNA bands of 102bp and 164 bp, of genes for staphylococcal enterotoxins sea and seb, respectively. The results showed that 1/4, 1/4, 2/4, 1/4 and 0/4 isolates of Staph. aureus was positive for seb at 164 bp from meat, luncheon, burger, minced meat and sausage respectively. While none of the samples were positive for sea. The public health hazards of this microorganism, as well as improve quality status of meat and meat products were discussed.

Genotyping of Vibrio Parahemolyticus Isolated from Some Marine Fish

A total 180 marine fish samples, 60 of each mullet (Mugil cephalus), seabream (Sparus aurata) and seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax),were randomly collected from different fish farms in Port-Said Governorate. Some of collected fishes displayed hemorrhages on the external body surface, base of fins and operculum (gill cover) with congested gills, pale liver and corneal opacity were noticed. Bacteriological examination of samples was collected from fish surface, liver, kidney, spleen, muscle and gills revealed that the highest level of the isolates was recorded in liver followed by kidney, spleen, muscle and gill. Biochemical identification results of the isolated Vibrio species were revealed that 38 samples (21.11%) from the total collected samples were positive for the prevalence of Vibrio species at a percentage of (28.33%), (18.33%) and (16.67%) for mullet, seabream and seabass respectively. Molecular identification of Vibrio species isolated from some marine fishes using 16S rRNA and toxR revealed that 32 strains of the isolated Vibrio were belong to V. parahaemolyticus with a prevalence of 15, 8 and 9 from mullet, seabream and seabass respectively. Meanwhile molecular characterization of the identified V. parahaemolyticus by using PCR showed that all 32 isolates were harbored recA gene and only 25 isolates were harbored tlh gene. The public health hazards of this microorganism, as well as improve quality status of marine farms fishes were discussed. Keywords: Vibrio parahaemolytius, virulence, mullet, seabream, seabass fish, PCR, Public health.

Internal Physical Environment of Health Care Facilities and Services Provided for Elderly in Port Said, Egypt

Background: The increasing number of elderly in Egypt is a challenge to health care facilities that should be age-friendly. This study described the extent to which both primary health care centers and hospitals meet the criteria of age-friendly health care in Port-Said, Egypt. Methods: This cross-section descriptive study included all health facilities in Port-Said governorate (32 primary health care centers, 11 governmental and 8 private hospitals).In each facility data was collected about clinical and promotional health services provided to elderly. Physical environment was evaluated based on toolkit developed by the World Health Organization. Results: All health facilities are served by public transportation and have steps at entrance and measure blood pressure. Reception counter was near entrance in 80% of facilities. Corridors were satisfactory in about 70% of facilities. In about 60% of facilities there is an age-friendly ramp at entrance and toilet near waiting area. Dedicated disabled persons parking, accessible shower and eating outlet in building were observed in many hospitals but in none of primary health care centers. Obesity assessment, blood glucose and hemoglobin estimations as well as visual assessment were reported by about 45% to 65% of facilities. Counseling about tobacco hazards, healthy eating, physical activity, sun exposure/ avoidance, oral health care, injury/fall prevention and poly-pharmacy were reported by about 40% to 69% of health facilities. Conclusions: Health facilities especially primary health care centers of Port-Said governorate need to consider seriously their physical environment and services to be age-friendly.

Effect of Educational Guidelines Booklet About Work-related Blood-Borne Diseases among Nurses Working in Health Care Setting at Port-Said Governorate

Effect of Educational Guidelines Booklet About Work-related Blood-Borne Diseases among Nurses Working in Health Care Setting at Port-Said Governorate

الممارسات الخاطئة بمرحلة رياض الأطفال وانعکاساتها على تربية طفل الروضة (دراسة ميدانية بمحافظة بورسعيد ) Wrong Practices At The Kindergarten Stage And Its Reflections On Kindergarten Child. A Field Study in Port-Said Governorate.

ملخصالبحث استهدفت هذه الد ا رسة إلقاء الضوء علي واقع الممارسات الخاطئة بمرحلة رياض الأطفال وانعکاساتها على تربية طفل الروضة بمحافظة بورسعيد وکانت أهم نتائج الد ا رسة ما يلي: يوجد العديد من الممارسات الخاطئة التى تشوب تلک المرحلة والتى أساسها الأسرة والر وضة ويشارک فيها المجتمع المحلى*، تحتاج رياض الأطفال محافظة بورسعيد إلى إعادة نظر لرؤيتها ورسالتها ، وتحتاج أيضا إلى توزيع عادل للإمکانات المادية والبشرية ، کما تحتاج رياض الأطفال بمحافظة بورسعيد إلى تطبيق أفکار حديثة فى إداراتها . Abstract: This study aimed at shedding light on the reality of Wrong practicesin the kindergarten stage and its impact on raising the kindergarten child in Port Said governorate. The main results of the study were as follows:There are many Wrong practicesat this stage, which are based on family and kindergarten and involve the local community, PortSaid Governorate Kindergartens need to reconsider the vision and mission, and also need a fair distribution of physical and human potential, and need kindergartens in Port Said Governorate to apply modern ideas in their departments.

Bacteriological and Histopathological Studies on Adult Shrimps (Penaeus Japonicas) Infected With Vibrio Species in Suez Canal Area

210 shell diseased shrimps (Penaeus japonicas) were collected and taken alive from port-said governorate. Shell diseased shrimps were taken monthly from January to October 2016 and subjected to clinical, postmortem, bacteriological and histopathological examinations. In addition of 15 apparently healthy shrimps, free from any shell lesions were collected and taken alive from port-said Governorate were used in the experimental infection (pathogenicity test). Results revealed that the isolated bacteria from shell diseased shrimps were identified as Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahemolyticus. The number of isolates for Vibrio alginolyticus was 568 isolates by incidence of 77.59%, Vibrio parahemolyticus was 131 isolates by incidence of 17.89%, It was found that Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, were highly isolated from the muscles by ratio of 95.71%, the cuticle by ratio of 90% then from gills by ratio of 80% followed by the hemolymph by ratio of 51.90%, while it was less isolated from the hepatopancrease by ratio of 30.95%.The pathogenicity test of the isolated microorganisms showed nearly the same clinical picture and postmortem findings which observed in naturally infected shrimps and isolated vibrio speciesappear to be highly virulent gave 100% mortality in 60 hrs. of the experimental infected shrimps. Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahemolyticus were sensitive to Norofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and resistant to Amikacin and Rifamycin. The histopathological studies among naturally infected shrimps (penaeus japonicas) revealed changes in muscles, gills and hepatopancrease due to infection as intermuscular edema, inflammatory cells between muscle bundles and degeneration and necrosis of muscles, the gills showed squamous metaplasia, and the hepatopancreas showed congestion in the hepatic vessels, advanced vacuolar degeneration with nuclear pyknosis of most hepatocytes were evident.

Critical Thinking Disposition among Nurses Working in Puplic Hospitals at Port-Said Governorate

AimThis study aimed to investigate critical thinking disposition among nurses working in Public Hospitals in Port-Said Governorate. MethodsA descriptive research design was conducted in this study. Totally 196 respondents were chosen by systemic random sampling, to take part in the study as the sample. Data was collected from April to September in 2015. Tools of data collection: A personal and job characteristics data sheet and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory(CCTDI) were used. ResultsThe results revealed that the total critical thinking disposition score mean was 257.05 ± 20.16 and the highest score mean was 48.67 ± 6.28 for inquisitiveness subscale, while the lowest score mean was 21.36 ± 7.19 for the truth-seeking subscale. Also, none of the personal & job characteristics showed statistically significant relations with the total critical thinking disposition. ConclusionMore than three quarters of the nurses had an ambivalent disposition toward critical thinking, and most nurses' scores indicated a negative tendency towards truth-seeking. So the findings pointed for upgrading nurses' critical thinking through educational programs and a need for more problem-based learning with advanced teaching strategies in clinical areas.

Molecular Typing of Staph - Aureus MRSA Strains Isolated from Processed Fish in Port-Said Governorate

Fish products could be contaminated with bacterial pathogens such as S. aureus, which could be transmitted to human causing severe illness. In order to throw the light on the presence of S. aureus in fish products as well as molecular typing of MRSA strains, a total of 200 samples of processed fish products (100 fish burger and 100 fish fillet) were collected from different frozen fish stores in Port-Said Governorate, Egypt. The collected samples were subjected to bacteriological examination. The prevalence of coagulase +ve S. aureus was (14%) in fish burger samples and (4%) in fish fillet samples. On the other hand, the prevalence of Coagulase –ve S. aureus was (4%) in fish burger samples and (1%) in fish fillet samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility for methicillin was carried out for detection of MRSA strains, where the prevalence of MRSA strains was 17% from the total isolated coagulase positive S. aureus strains, while none of the coagulase negative S. aureus strains proved to be MRSA. PCR protocol was used for detection of mecA gene in MRSA strains, where all the tested MRSA strains were positive for mecA gene with specific amplification size at 310 bp . Briefly, S. aureus considered to be one of the major bacterial agents causing food-borne illness in human due to contamination of fish products.