Port Dimensions Research Articles

Investigation the Effect on Coefficient of Filled and Unfilled Port to Port Dimension with Plaster of Paris of 2-Holes Offset Probe

Abstract: : The velocity of fluid flow like slurry flow , mud , dusty air is determined by the two holes probe or s type probe .The pitot static (L-type probe )is chocked due to flow of slurry , mud , dusty air , stack gas .The dirty or dusty particles blocked the Ltype pitot tube at 900 bend so, s-type probe is used to avoid this type of stops or blockage .In present study the s-type probe is fabricated and having diff-2 Angle of Probe and filled Port to Port dimension with plaster of Paris and compared to unfilled Port to Port dimension with plaster of Paris to control the accurately coe-fficient. In wind tunnel, an experiment is conducted to see the impact of filled and unfilled Port to Port dimension on coefficient. When angles increases with filled Port to Port dimensions then Intensity of turbulent flow is also less. Here more large eddies are present and coefficient values in set of data are smaller than or equal to normalized value (0.833). Therefore fluctuation in pressure difference is less. In the present study it is noticed that the value of coefficient more fluctuate at lowest velocity ranging from 3- 14 m/s.

Study of the Design and Assembly of a High Harmonic Fast Wave Antenna for an LAPD

The simulation survey of TAE Technologies has demonstrated that high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) heating is a promising method for core electron heating of FRC plasma. This study mainly describes the HHFW antenna mechanical design and assembly on the basis of the results of electromagnetic simulations performed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the available port dimensions, and antenna installation position of the LAPD. Compared to the original scheme, this antenna is also optimized in the design. It is found that the E field distribution of optimized antenna becomes even, and the maximum electric field decreases by approximately 14%. The current on the antenna box and FS is reduced after optimization, whereas the maximum J density decreases from 53.3 kA to 14.5 kA. The reflection performance of the port at 30 MHz is also improved after the structural optimization; The k// spectrum distribution is sharper at the monopole phase (0, 0, 0, 0) and dipole phase (0, π, 0, π) and (0, 90, 270,180) than other phases. The optimized antenna can obtain a maximum |k//| spectrum, which peaks about |k//| = 30 m−1 at the dipole phase (0, π, 0, π). The analysis results and assembly strategy can provide useful reference and guidance for the study of HHFW antenna design and fabrication in LAPD or other magnetic confined fusion devices.

The influence of various vascular access ports on MV photon beam uniformity examined on the PMMA phantom

The presence of a high-density material object such as the vascular access port made of titanium, can affect the homogeneity of dose distribution in underlying tissues. This influence depends on numerous factors but in the first place on the composition material of such an object and its geometry. In this work an influence of the various titanium-made vascular ports, placed in the 6 MV photon field, have been analyzed. The vascular ports of various sizes were placed on the top of thepolymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) phantom which is then scanned on a computed tomography (CT) simulator to generate the digitized 3-dimensional images for the purpose of treatment planning. The treatment plans were prepared in matRad treatment planning toolkit. The beam profiles and the percentage depth doses have been analyzed. The observed maximum dose values, for ports A, B, C and D, relatively to the maximum dose value in PMMA phantom alone, were 102.25%, 100.62%, 101.78% and 102.48%, respectively. The titanium edges of the ports reduce the dose below them in amount of 8.52%, 8.64%, 10.01% and 10.04% observed for ports A, B, C and D, respectively, in comparison to the central axis dose value obtained in PMMA phantom for the port-free case. The established changes in PDD curves and beam profiles depend on the vascular access port dimensions, reservoir volumes as well as of the amount of titanium content.

Fuzzy AHP Approach to The Determinatıon of Smart Port Dimensions: A Case Study on Filyos Port

As ports play a very important role in the national and international flow of goods, with the development of international trade, they face many challenges such as operational congestion, pollution, energy consumption and safety and security issues. Therefore, ports need to increase their operational efficiency and also pay attention to sustainability principles. The smart port is a digital transformation that adopts new technologies to improve efficiency and environmental issues. Existing ports and new ports have to be transformed into smart ports so that countries can get a share from international logistics. Smart port applications vary according to ports characteristics, as port needs are different. Thus, it is necessary to analyze ports to develop compatible smart port applications. However, in the literature, there is a lack of studies focuses on the smart port. The main purpose of this study is to examine smart port dimensions by considering Filyos Port. We have used fuzzy AHP for ordering each dimension and sub-dimensions to relative importance. The findings of the study show that operation is the most crucial factor, which is followed by environment, energy, finance and safety and security, respectively. Finally, we offered suggestions for each smart port dimensions.

Study on Effects of Inlet Resistance on the Efficiency of Scroll Expander in Micro-Compressed Air Energy Storage System

As an important part of a micro-compressed air energy storage system, the scroll expander directly affects the efficiency of the whole energy storage system. The effects of resistance on the efficiency of scroll expander caused by inlet structure and size are discussed with theory analysis and experimental methods in this paper. Micro-compressed air energy storage system has aroused widespread attention because of its pollution-free, high flexibility, in the community, remote areas power supply. Comprehensive experimental work with the selections of different size and structure of the air inlet of the scroll expander was performed with the cutting angle of air inlet chamber of the scroll expander. The results of the experiments are discussed on how exergy efficiency and inlet flow of the scroll expander were affected resulting from the cutting angles dissected. The results show that a maximum value exists for exergy efficiency of the scroll expander. Therefore, the exergy efficiency of the scroll expander can be effectively improved by enlarging the air inlet port dimension and modifying the size of air chamber.

A Dimension-Reduction Multibeam Antenna Scheme With Dual Integrated Butler Matrix Networks for Low-Complex Massive MIMO Systems

In this letter, a multiple-beam antenna (MBA) scheme with reduced port dimension is proposed for low-complex massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) systems. From practical scenario consideration, two 2-port and 8-element subarrays with dual 2-to-8 Butler matrix networks are designed for 3 dB beam coverage within 60° sector. Based on channel capacity analysis of an 8-subarray (8 × 8-element) antenna system, it is proved that only 25% number of radio frequency (RF) chains are utilized in the proposed scheme to achieve a competitive data transmission rate, compared with a regular 8 × 8-element and 64-chain massive MIMO system, with the advantages of low cost, low system weight, and low complexity of signal processing. The proposed 8-subarray system is built and measured to verify the antenna performance. The proposed multibeam antenna scheme exhibits potential possibilities in low-complex and low-cost massive MIMO systems for the fifth-generation (5G) applications.

Preliminary engineering assessment of alternative magnetic divertor configurations for EU-DEMO

• The present work deals with a preliminary engineering development of alternative magnetic divertor configurations for EU-DEMO. • Parametric CAD master models for each configuration have been developed, including PF and TF coils, VV, ports and in-vessel components. • The configurations have been analyzed in terms of geometrical envelope and ports layout, considering structural and Remote Handling (RH) requirements. One of the main challenges in the roadmap to the realization of fusion energy is to develop a heat and power exhaust system able to withstand the large loads expected in the divertor of a fusion power plant. The challenge of reducing the heat load on the divertor targets is addressed, within the mission 2 ‘Heat-exhaust systems’, through the investigation of divertor configurations alternative to the standard Single Null (SN), such as the Snowflake (SF), Double Null (DN), X and Super-X (SX) divertors. This paper focuses on a preliminary engineering assessment of the alternative configurations proposed for the EU DEMO reactor. Starting from the description of the optimized plasma shape developed for each configuration, the 3D geometrical description of the Magnet System and of the main Mechanical Structures (Vacuum Vessel and in-vessel components) is presented. Based on the 3D geometry, the compatibility of the location and dimensions of ports with Remote Maintenance needs is discussed and possible design optimizations are proposed both for the Magnets system and the mechanical structures design. Finally, the various configurations are compared with regard to the engineering and feasibility aspects.

The Talbot effect in a metamaterial

The effect of anisotropy and spatial dispersion of a metamaterial on the Talbot effect may be engineered in principle. This has profound implications for applications of the Talbot effect such as the design of a multimode interference coupler (MMI). The paper describes how a metamaterial can suppress the modal phase error which otherwise limits the scaling of MMI port dimension. A binary multilayer dielectric material described by the Kronig–Penney model is shown to provide a close approximation to the required dispersion relation. Results of simulations of a multi-slotted waveguide MMI engineered to provide a polarising beam splitter function are given as an example of the method.

IN BATHYMETRIC SURFACES: IDW OR KRIGING?

Abstract: The representation of the submerged relief is very importance in diverse areas of knowledge such as Projects to build or reassess port dimensions, installation of moles, ducts, marinas, bridges, tunnels, mineral prospecting, waterways, dredging, silting control of river and lakes, and others. The depths of the aquatic bodies, indispensable for the representation of those, are obtained through the bathymetric surveys. However, the result of a bathymetric sampling is a grid of points that, for itself, it is not capable of generating directly the Digital Model of Depth (DMD), being necessary the use of interpolators. Currently, there are more than 40 available scientific methods of interpolation, each one with its particularities and characteristics. This study has the objective to analise, comparing, the efficiency of Universal Kriging (UK) and of the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) in the computational representation of bathymetric surfaces, varying in a decreasing way the quantity of sample points. Through the results, we can be stated the superiority of the interpolator Universal Kriging in efficiency in creating DMD with basis in the bathymetric surveys data.

Conceptual Design of a Helium-Cooled Ceramic Breeder Blanket for CFETR

The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is a superconducting tokamak reactor proposed by the China National Integration Design Group. The aim is to develop China’s next-step fusion device. A helium-cooled ceramic breeder (HCCB) blanket concept has been put forward by the blanket integration design team of the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The present blanket configuration is based on the upper port dimension and maintenance scheme. The HCCB blanket comprises a U-shaped first wall, cap, breeder unit, middle plate, and back plate. The breeder unit includes a cooling plate, beryllium pebble bed, and lithium silicate pebble bed. The structure of the HCCB blanket concept is obviously different from the ITER HCCB test blanket module of China. The CFETR HCCB blanket will meet the requirements of CFETR long-pulse or steady-state operation with a duty cycle time greater than 0.3. The maintenance scheme of the blanket is introduced in this paper. Three-dimensional neutronic analysis results show that the tritium breeding ratio can satisfy the design requirement. Besides, the thermal-hydraulic behavior of the first wall has been studied using ANSYS CFX code.

Airflow distribution and design optimization of variable geometry microchannel heat exchangers

Air-to-refrigerant microchannel heat exchangers are now being used in the HVAC&R industry. Previous research and development of microchannel heat exchangers has reached a plateau in that the optimum designs cannot be further improved with the limited number of geometry-related design variables currently available. The ever-evolving simulation and manufacturing capabilities have given engineers new opportunities in pursuing complex and cost-efficient novel heat exchanger designs. Recently, microchannel heat exchanger designs with variable tubes, ports, and fins have been proposed. Such designs adopt variable tube-and-fin geometry within the heat exchanger core. Variable geometry refers to the use of variable tube and port dimensions, variations in fin type, and various fin density in different sections of the heat exchanger core. The locations of individual tubes and fins can also vary, especially in multi-slab configurations. The goals of this new concept are heat transfer enhancement, material savings, and fulfilling special design and application requirements. This article presents studies on the design optimization of variable geometry microchannel heat exchangers based on a validated simulation tool. The optimization study investigates an automotive R134a and R290 condenser and a CO2 gas cooler in air-conditioning systems. The objective of the study is to evaluate the potential cost and performance benefits of variable geometry microchannel heat exchangers compared to conventional fixed geometry microchannel heat exchangers used today. The optimization objectives are to maximize capacity and reduce cost. The optimization study shows a 35% reduction in material and 43% savings in envelope volume for a variable geometry gas cooler for the same performance compared to a baseline conventional geometry design. An iterative approach is proposed to calculate the airflow mal-distribution due to the heat exchanger geometry variation. Optimum designs using the calculated airflow distribution are compared with designs that assume uniform air distribution. The comparison showed a 3% difference for the best material saving case found. It is important to consider the impact of geometry variations on airflow distribution and heat exchanger designs. The optimization study reveals the potential of the variable geometry microchannel heat exchanger and motivates engineers to pursue such innovative designs.

Designing of Sub-entry Nozzle for Casting Defect-free Steel

Production of defect-free steel is a continuous demand for each & every steel maker. The design of refractories used in steel making process has a vital role on this. Manufacturing of cleaner steel is mostly attributed to the continuous casting process of the steel plant. Defects in steel mainly come from the non-metallic inclusions present in steel that are incorporated during various steel making process. During continuous casting, the main focus is to remove these inclusions to cast defect free steel. The flow pattern of molten steel in the mould plays a vital role in the removal of these impurities. The turbulence of the flowing steel in the mould should be such that more and more impurities will be floated at the meniscus of the mould and they will be captured by the casting powder. But, this turbulence should not be higher enough to capture the particles of casting powder inside the molten steel. So, in order to optimize the turbulent intensity and to get uniform distribution of temperature and velocity in the mould, the design of Sub-entry nozzle (SEN) is very crucial. SEN is used to guide the flow of steel from tundish to mould during continuous casting. The bore configuration and outlet design of SEN along with its immersed depth in the mould determine the flow pattern of steel inside the mould, which is the key factor to produce cleaner steel. This paper focuses on the different designing aspects of SEN to get an optimized and uniform flow of steel in the mould. The designing parameters include bore diameter, bore configuration, port shape, port angle, port dimension, number of ports and immersed depth of SEN inside the mould. Design optimization is done to improve the steel quality by removing the impurities.

Material port fractal of fragmentation of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) by high-voltage pulse

Crushing is the key to recycling waste circuit boards, the precondition of separation. Crushing the metal and non-metal components of a circuit board allows the separation of the nonmetal components. As the number of electrical pulses rises, the number of particles bigger than 2mm decreases, and the number of particles smaller than 2mm increases. The same happens when the number of pulses is invariant but the voltage is increasing. Particles smaller than 2mm do not allow the possibility of secondary crushing. We propose a model to establish the pulse operational conditions for achieving the optimal rate of copper content distribution (−1.5+0.5mm). Based on fractal theory and particle morphology, a program for calculating the fractal dimensions of WPCB ports is compiled. It is thought that the fractal dimension is related to the complexity of the fractures of the materials and the particle shapes. The more complex the fractures or particle shapes, the bigger is the calculated fractal dimension.

Governing inland ports: a multi-dimensional approach to addressing inland port–city challenges in European transport corridors

Inland ports have been put forward as crucial linkages for efficient global freight transport and corridor development. However, the present understanding of inland ports appears to be limited to network-based views with a maritime port focus (Outside-In), in which inland ports play second fiddle. We argue that inland ports as independent structures (Inside-Out) deserve equal consideration and that in addition to the transport dimension, the spatial, economic and institutional dimensions of inland ports are vital and should not be neglected. The goal of this paper is to apply the concept of port–city challenges to inland ports. The results of an institutional analysis of Dutch case study evidence show that challenges facing inland ports and cities take many forms but that all share a commonality in the trade-offs between positive and negative externalities. We observe different governance strategies in coping with these trade-offs and find that a proactive stance towards zoning contributes to efficiently accommodating mutually exclusive dimensions of inland port development.

A model for air-to-refrigerant microchannel condensers with variable tube and fin geometries

A generalized finite volume-based model to simulate Microchannel Heat Exchangers (MCHXs) with variable tube and fin geometries using a three-stream UA-AMTD method is presented in this paper. MCHXs with variable geometry can have different port dimensions, tube sizes and fin surfaces within the heat exchanger core and can have single or multiple tube banks. These novel MCHX design can further enhance the heat exchanger performance and improve its material utilization. A comprehensive literature review reveals that there is no experimental or numerical investigation of such innovative designs nor is there a modeling approach that can handle such flexible geometries. The model is validated against 227 experimental data points for eight different fluids, and eighteen MCHX geometries, including four different variable geometry microchannel condensers. This validation effort is the most comprehensive MCHX model validation presented in open literature. The average absolute capacity deviation between predicted and measured values was 2.7%.

Design method of flow distribution in nuclear reactor systems

Flow distribution is encountered widely in nuclear reactor systems including distribution of liquid coolant, feedwater or steam sparger, and high energy fluid into condenser of steam turbine. Distributors with parallel ports or openings are common designs which may be very sensitive to variations of structure and dimensions of a manifold and its ports. Non-uniformity of flow distributions causes largely potential malfunction and poor efficiency, even failures. In this paper, a theoretical model was developed for a tapered distributor. Analytical solutions were obtained for evaluation of influence of operating conditions and structures and dimensions of distributor and ports on flow distributions. Structural parameters were identified and hydraulic characteristics were analysed. The orifices, slope and tube protrusion are useful for improvement of the flow distributions. The uniformity of the flow distributions can be improved about 10–60% by fitting orifice rings or tube protrution with a range of the minor loss coefficients: 0.5–3. Finally design criteria were suggested for industrial applications. This provides a simple and easy-to-use tool for design of the flow distribution in nuclear reactors and power boilers.

Physical and sedimentological characterisation of dredged sediments

Port dredging operations inevitably create a turbid plume around the dredge and it is necessary to follow the movement of this to impede its diffusion into the surrounding environment and reduce any negative impacts. To characterise the extension and concentration of the plume induced by dredging it is necessary to study the physical properties of the water, the residence time of the sediments in the water column and the diffusion velocity of the water and sediments. It is also essential to characterise the area and determine the specifics of the port environment under so-called normal maritime-traffic conditions. During the initial stage of such a study it is necessary to obtain measurements under diverse wind–wave conditions to characterise the physical features of the water column of the port area, the turbidity, the quantity and dimension of the suspended particulate matter and the current dynamics. In this article we present a series of physico-sedimentological operations to characterise a zone to be dredged based upon our experience during pre-dredging work in the Port of Genoa (Italy).

Conductive polymer composite materials and their utility in electromagnetic shielding applications

AbstractCommercial electronic devices require shielding solutions that ensure electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) while accounting for effects of specific enclosure structural features such as seams, vents, and port dimensions. In practice, suitable EMC materials combine with the device operating characteristics to determine an overall shielding response. To optimally couple plastic design practices with EMC requirements, both polymer materials science and electrical engineering concepts, must be considered. Use of extrinsically conductive polymer (ECP) formulations for electronic applications has advantages in that they can be directly molded to a desired shape and serve to provide the necessary shielding while also meeting mechanical integrity requirements. Shielding and mechanical performance can be varied via filler loading or altered through wall thickness changes to satisfy demands associated with a particular device. Injection‐moldable ECP polycarbonate‐based formulations can attain average shielding effectiveness (SE) levels of ∼50–60 dB through 2 GHz at 2‐mm thickness as measured using ASTM D 4935 procedures. These values vary with thickness, and SE improvements of ∼10–20 dB are observed when increasing from 1 to 2 mm. Additionally, resultant mechanical properties of shielding composites are strong functions of overall fiber content. These interrelated material and shielding characteristics, which form the basis for filled conductive polymer use within practical enclosure shielding designs, are described. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

Experimental Investigation on Port-to-Channel Flow Maldistribution in Plate Heat Exchangers

Experiments have been conducted to analyze the flow and pressure distribution in a plate heat exchanger by measuring local port pressure distribution in a commercial plate heat exchanger. Flow rate in channel and channel pressure drops are evaluated by measuring the pressure inside the inlet and exit ports at different locations for different port dimensions. In these experiments, the measurement of pressure is done without disturbing the fluid flow inside the port. This technique also offers the option of manipulating port size without changing the plate characteristics. Direct experimental measurement provides the scope for eliminating other effects, such as gasket, end losses, and improper wetting of channels from the flow maldistribution effect. The measurements indicate the existence of non-uniform flow distribution that increases with flow rate and decreases with port diameter. Results clearly show that it is important to consider the flow maldistribution for better design of plate heat exchangers.

Port-Service Quality Dimensions and Passenger Profiles: An Exploratory Examination and Analysis

Recent developments in the European Union political agenda, particularly with respect to the role ports that will play in the next decade, emphasise the need for a total re-assessment of the policies pursued by the relevant authorities. A variety of fairly rapid changes, coupled with important technological improvements, have increased the level of competition impacting on port activities. This, combined with a general policy shift from road to sea transport, has highlighted various factors, including the role of the ‘passenger’, in the maritime industry. This role has been somewhat neglected, or at least undervalued, for many years. The main aim of this paper is to explore the quality dimensions of ports in terms of the provision of services to passengers, as well as to identify and analyse the different groups (passenger profiles), which use the port and its services for coastal shipping. This is important in order to identify future competitive advantages for passenger ports. Evidence from the Greek coastal shipping industry reveals a multidimensionality in passenger perceptions of port-service quality and identifies two groups of users of port services.