Port Design Research Articles

Design Verification and Performance Testing of Container Valves for Offshore 30Mpa IG541 Fire Extinguishing System

Abstract Addressing the challenges of large space occupation, limited transmission distance, and suboptimal fire extinguishing efficiency of the current 15Mpa IG541 gas fire extinguishing system commonly found on offshore oil production platforms and ships, especially in deepwater facilities where stringent requirements exist for both transmission distance and environmental performance. Increasing the storage pressure can enhance space efficiency and extend the transmission range of the extinguishing medium. However, the core component, the container valve of the 30Mpa IG541 system, has faced foreign bottlenecks in terms of availability and technology transfer. To address this situation, a domestically developed and independently intellectual property-protected 30Mpa IG541 container valve has been designed and tested. This design encompasses material selection, flow area calculations, action mechanism design, sampling port design, inlet and outlet thread selection, safety diaphragm design, and thread strength calculations. Subsequent testing confirmed its suitability, including functional testing, sealing tests, hydrostatic pressure testing, blast performance testing, and salt spray testing. The valve passed all tests with flying colors, ensuring reliable opening under 135MPa pressure. The container valve has also been successfully certified by DNV. This achievement lays the foundation for the next phase of certification by a classification society and the broader application of this 30Mpa IG541 system in offshore engineering.

Robotic technology in surgery; a classification system of soft tissue surgical robotic devices

BackgroundThe field of robotic-assisted surgery is rapidly growing as many robotic surgical devices are in development and about to enter the market. Currently, there is no universally accepted language for labeling the different robotic systems. To facilitate this communication, we created what is, to our knowledge, the first classification of surgical robotic technologies that organizes and classifies surgical robots used for endoscopy, laparoscopy and thoracoscopy.MethodsWe compiled a list of surgical robots intended to be used for endoscopy, laparoscopy, and/or thoracoscopy by searching United States, European, Hong Kong, Japan, and Korean databases for approved devices. Devices showcased at the 2023 Annual Meeting for the Society of Robotic Surgery were added. We also systematically reviewed the literature for any existing surgical robotic classifications or categorizations. We then created a multidisciplinary committee of 8 surgeons and 2 engineers to construct a proposed classification of the devices included in our search.ResultsWe identified 40 robotic surgery systems intended to be used for endoscopy, laparoscopy and/or thoracoscopy. The proposed classification organizes robotic devices with regard to architecture, port design, and configuration (modular carts, multi-arm integrated cart, table-attachable or arm-table integration).ConclusionThis 3-level classification of robotic surgical devices used for endoscopy, laparoscopy and/or thoracoscopy describes important characteristics of robotic devices systematically.

Incorporating a Hands-On Device-Based Activity in a Human Factors Biomedical Engineering Course in Sub-Saharan Africa

A challenge in building the biomedical engineering human factors course at Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences was integrating meaningful direct experiences with medical products. The instructor also noticed a significant gap between the topics in the course and their surrounding clinical context, a low-income setting. Recognizing that devices should be designed and evaluated in the context of the local users’ needs and situations, new hands-on modules were created and implemented in this BME human factors course. Students were asked to critically evaluate and make recommendations to improve the human factors aspects of the software and hardware of the IMPALA, a vital signs monitoring device developed for use in Malawi. Engaging with this medical device, students observed and understood many issues discussed in human factors, including the design of ports, controls, and other user interfaces. The collaboration between the course and the IMPALA project harnessed the local expertise of students to improve the design of a new patient monitoring system. Thus, the IMPALA project itself benefited from this collaboration. Second, students greatly benefited from applying the class concepts to the IMPALA. Students were engaged far more during the interactive components than during the lecture components. Many students successfully translated their knowledge on human factors to their final-year design project.

Ten-year follow-up of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens with central port design in patients with low and normal vault.

To assess the clinical outcomes and postoperative complications of the implantable collamer lens (ICL) with a central port throughout 10 years of follow-up in patients with low and normal vault. Fernández-Vega Ophthalmological Institute, Oviedo, Spain. Retrospective and comparative case series. This study included eyes that underwent a V4c ICL implantation with 10 years of follow-up. The eyes were divided into 2 groups according to the vault at 1 year postoperatively: vault <250 μm and between 250 μm and 800 μm. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density (ECD), vault, complications, and secondary surgeries were analyzed. 37 and 90 eyes were enrolled in the low and normal-vault groups, respectively. No differences in UDVA, CDVA, and refraction were found between the groups over 10 years of follow-up. No cases developed ICL-induced anterior subcapsular opacity over the follow-up period. 2 (5.4%) and 8 (8.9%) eyes in the low and normal-vault groups, respectively, required ICL exchange. 1 (2.8%) and 2 (2.2%) eyes in the low and normal-vault groups, respectively, required excimer laser to correct residual refractive error. The IOP remained stable throughout the 10-year follow-up. The loss in ECD from that preoperatively to 10 years postoperatively was 3.8% and 4.5% in the low and normal-vault groups, respectively ( P = .4). No pigment dispersion glaucoma or other vision-threatening complications were reported. This study shows good long-term outcomes of the V4c ICL, supporting that the central hole provides safety to the procedure and prevents the potential risk associated with low vault.

The effect of fertilizer injection on the mixing patterns of lateral‐move sprinkler irrigation systems with double wings

AbstractIn irrigation systems, water–fertilizer mixing within pipelines profoundly affects the fertilization process and strategy development. Taking irrigation machine pipelines as the research object, a numerical simulation method is used to investigate the mixing and distribution patterns of water and fertilizer in pipelines under a steady oscillatory flow fertilization mode with different injection positions, angles, flow rates (Q) and fertilization ratios (δ). Increasing the flow rate initially increased the fertilizer concentration in the lateral pipes, but further increasing the mainline central injection flow rate significantly reduced the concentration in the lateral pipes. For δ = 2%, elevating Q from 6 to 8 m3/h increased the average fertilizer concentration in the lateral pipes by 0.4%. However, a subsequent increase to Q = 10 m3/h led to a 1% decrease. In left‐side injection, lateral pipes on the same side as the injection pipe had considerably higher concentrations than those on the opposite side. In central injection, larger inclination angles increase the lateral pipe fertilizer concentration, while in left‐side injection, 60°‐downward injection results in the best lateral pipe fertilizer concentration. The above‐mentioned results can provide valuable insights for the design of injection ports on lateral‐move sprinkler irrigation systems.

Port and inland waterway design and operation in the face of climate change uncertainty

Climate change is a key business risk for ports and inland waterways and, therefore, a key consideration for the design and operation of this infrastructure. While risk and vulnerability are typically assessed using historical information, possible future climates now also need to be considered, using quantitative climate datasets whenever possible. The current challenge is the range of availability – and levels of uncertainty – for specific parameters that are important to ports and inland waterways. When quantitative information is available, a scenario-based approach can be used to identify an appropriate range of projections for assessing risks and designing structures. Notwithstanding the availability of quantitative data, however, adaptive solutions should be favoured. This is especially important where residual uncertainty is high and/or where significant or complex investments are involved. The development of adaptation pathways enables the implementation of phased responses as climate-related hazards, such as pluvial flooding or sea-level rise, evolve. The adaptation pathway approach also reduces the risk of maladaptation associated with the assumption of a deterministic future condition for the design life of the asset or operation.

Development of Experimental Models on Floating Breakwaters

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world with a potential area consisting of 17,480 islands with a sea stretch of 5.8 million km2 and has the fourth longest coastline in the world at 95,181 km, has a very high level of risk of abrasion hazards, especially considering that more than 60% of Indonesians live in coastal areas. The main purpose of a floating breakwater is to protect an area against unwanted wave heights. One of the most important boundary requirements in port design is allowable downtime. This is a period of time when the port cannot fulfill its function so as to prevent the occurrence of unwanted things from the movement of ships. Downtime occurs when a certain wave height is exceeded, causing unwanted ship movements. This implies that the wave transmitted by the floating breakwater to the port determines the downtime. Of the 7 (seven) types that exist, the box type is taken for research because the box type is more effective and efficient in dampening waves. Then the type of box that is used as a test model is carried out with 2 (two) conditions. The test model to be studied is a floating pontoon with a mooring line and a floating pontoon tethered to a pile.

Design of a Compact Dual Port 2 × 1 Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting Based on Four ``A" Shaped Slots

Design of a Compact Dual Port 2 × 1 Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting Based on Four ``A" Shaped Slots

Detection and quantification of wave trends in the Mediterranean basin

A study of a 42-year (1979–2020) long wave time series was performed for the Mediterranean Sea to detect and quantify trends in two relevant wave parameters adopted for coastal and offshore engineering purposes: significant wave height, Hs and peak period, Tp. The high resolution MeteOcean Re-Analysis database by the Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA) was used. At yearly and seasonal scales, the trends of the mean and maximum values were detected by the Mann–Kendall test, choosing a significance level equal to 90%. The slope or increase/decrease trends in Hs and Tp were assessed by the Theil–Sen estimator. For the mean values of Hs and Tp, increasing trends were detected for the Libyan, Levantine and Aegean seas, while for the maximum values this increasing trend was observed in a large part of the Mediterranean Sea. Finally, for the different marginal seas of the Mediterranean basin, a running trend analysis was applied in order to quantify the effect of the time window in the trend detection. The obtained results can be significant for flooding and erosion control strategies, ship and port operations, design and verification of structures, installations of Wave Energy Converters, in a hot spot for climate change such as the Mediterranean basin.

Vacuum Suction Pad Design and Real-Scale Performance Evaluation of an Automatic Mooring System for the Establishment of a Smart Port in South Korea

A ship’s automatic mooring system relies on vacuum suction pads with rubber seals to withstand external loads, such as mooring forces. This paper focused on the design requirements and performance testing of vacuum suction pads to develop a high-performance automatic mooring system and evaluated the performance of vacuum suction pads through real-scale testing. The mooring capacity of the target ship, the training ship HANBADA, was estimated based on the port and fishing port design standards of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. Under the most extreme ocean conditions (beafort 6), the estimated longitudinal (surge) and lateral (sway) mooring forces acting on HANBADA were 17.7 and 248 kN, respectively. In the real-scale performance test, stable suction was achieved under both dry and water spraying conditions, with the suction force ranging from 180 to 200 kN, under sway conditions. The vacuum ratio remained satisfactory, indicating stable suction. However, under surge conditions, the vacuum ratio decreased slightly to 0.99. Furthermore, the rubber seals returned to their initial shape after load removal, demonstrating their effectiveness in the automatic mooring system. This study provides valuable insights into the design requirements and performance testing of vacuum suction pads, establishing their suitability for developing high-performance automatic mooring systems.

Sickle-shaped high gain and low profile based four port MIMO antenna for 5G and aeronautical mobile communication

The construction of the four-port MIMO antenna in the form of a sickle is provided in the article. Initially, the single port element is designed and optimized. Next, a structure with two ports is created, and lastly, a design with four ports is completed. This process is repeated until the design is optimized. Three types of parametric analysis are considered, including variations in length, widths of sickle-shaped patches, and varying sizes of DGS. The frequency range of 2–8 GHz is used for structural investigation. The − 18.77 dB of return loss was observed at 3.825 GHz for a single-element structure. The optimized one-port structure provides a return loss of − 19.79 dB at 3.825 GHz. The port design offers a bandwidth of 0.71 GHz (3.515–4.225). The four-port design represents two bands that are observed at 3 GHz and 5.43 GHz. Both bands provide the return loss at respectively − 19.79 dB and − 20.53 dB with bandwidths of 1.375 GHz (2.14–3.515) and 0.25 GHz (5.335–5.585). The healthy isolation among both transmittance and reflectance response is achieved. The low-profile material was used to create the design that was presented. The article includes a comparison of the findings that were measured and those that were simulated. The four-port design that has been shown offers a total gain of 15.93 dB, a peak co-polar value of 5.46 dB, a minimum return loss of − 20.53 dB, a peak field distribution of 46.43 A/m and a maximum bandwidth of 1.375 GHz. The values for all diversity parameters like ECC are near zero, the Negative value of TARC, Near to zero MEG, DG is almost 10 dB, and a zero value of CCL is achieved. All diversity parameter performance is within the allowable range. The design is well suited for 5G and aeronautical mobile communication applications.

Computational Analysis for Estimation of Mooring Force Acting on Various Ships in Busan New Port

Recently, smart port systems connected to autonomous ships have attracted increasing interest. Thus, an intelligent port system can automatically berth to create an intelligent port system. To ensure the safety of large ships moored in open coastal terminals, which are often subjected to bad weather such as strong winds, it is necessary to calculate and evaluate their mooring security on a case-by-case basis. In this study, the mooring capacities of the large ships were estimated according to the port and fishing port design criteria of the Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries. Under the wind speed of 14 m/s, the longitudinal and lateral forces acting on the JBC, KCS, and KVLCC ships are 41.2 and 340 kN, 38.7 and 837 kN, and 77.2 and 222 kN, while under the wind speed of 30 m/s, they are 43 and 1674 kN, 132.7 and 4118 kN, and 159.2 and 1091 kN, respectively, for the mooring forces.

Kiosk accessibility challenges faced by people with disabilities: an analysis of domestic and international accessibility laws/guidelines and user focus group interviews

AbstractA kiosk is a device that provides users with information or helps them trade goods/services using a touch screen; it is widely used because of its high availability, fast service, and short waiting time. Despite these advantages, users with various impairments currently face significant difficulties in using kiosks. Therefore, this study analyses the factors influencing the design of accessible kiosks to make them available to all users without discrimination. The literature analysis and focus group interviews with people with disabilities were conducted to explore the factors influencing kiosk accessibility design. Various global accessibility methods/standards related to kiosks were analysed and the major guidelines were identified. Moreover, kiosk accessibility problems experienced by people with disabilities were collected to derive accessibility functions that should be considered first. The main accessibility guidelines were classified into hardware size and space, complementation and replacement of input method, complementation and replacement of vision, and complementation and replacement of cognition. From the focus group interviews, we observed that visual impairment was highly related to voice support provision, high contrast function, and card input port design; hearing impairment was highly related to providing feedback other than voice and providing sign language personnel when using help buttons; and physical impairment was highly related to wheelchair-accessible kiosks and kiosk height control functions. This study analysed the main methods/standard guidelines of kiosk accessibility through a systematic literature analysis, analysed the accessibility problems when using kiosks, and compared them with major laws/standard guidelines.

Analysis of regulatory documentation on seaports design in terms of technological processes automation at container terminals

Seaports occupy one of the leading places in the foreign trade turnover of Russia. It is emphasized that the strategy of maritime activity of the Russian Federation provides for an increase in competitiveness through the modernization of existing and the construction of new terminals and seaports, which will give impetus to the development of ports and container terminals. The process of determining the port specialization and organizing its work, which is one of the initial stages for the planning process of the port construction or reconstruction, is investigated. The factors influencing not only economic and financial decisions, but also the introduction of information technologies that contribute to the automation of technological processes of the port, are also investigated. It is noted that new technologies have found application in ports where the production of loading and unloading operations is a repetitive process that can be modeled and programmed. It is indicated that most of the technological operations for the production of loading and unloading operations on modern lifting and transport equipment are automated, which increases the port efficiency, but not all ports can be automated, this is due to the possibility of accounting and control of the cargo unit, its location and shelf life, as well as identification. At terminals specializing in the bulk cargo transshipment, there are no such tasks for the management of lifting and transport equipment as at container terminals and terminals for the transshipment of bulk cargo and liquefied natural gas, which are initially automated. Automation is incorporated into the project during the construction of a new or reconstruction of an existing port or container terminal. The main documents that guide designers in the development of the project have been analyzed. Among them are “Set of rules 316.1325800.2017. Container terminals. Regulations of projecting”, “Set of rules 350.1326000.2018. Norms for technological design of sea ports” and “Set of rules 262.1325800.2016. Container yard and terminal devices in industrial and transport manufacture. Terms of design and construction”. They are obsolete and do not reflect modern requirements for technological processes. Special attention is paid to the fact that modern documents meeting the latest technological and technical requirements are necessary for the design of modern ports and terminals.

Fully-Metallic Additively Manufactured Monolithic Double-Ridged Waveguide Rotman Lens in the K/Ka-Band.

This paper reports on the design and experimental validation of a fully-metallic double-ridged waveguide 10 × 10 Rotman lens additively manufactured as a single part. The wide band operation of this quasi-optical beamformer enables us to cover the uplink and downlink frequencies allocated to satellite communications in the K/Ka-band, from 17.3 GHz to 30 GHz. The feeding port design was adjusted to enable vertical printing, thus minimizing the use of supporting structures. A prototype was manufactured and tested. The reported results indicate losses in the range of 0.5 dB in the lower-frequency band and 0.8 dB in the upper-frequency band, including the waveguide transitions added for test purposes. The measured reflection and coupling coefficients remain below -11.5 dB over the operating band. The standard deviation of the residual phase error across the array ports is below 5° in simulation and below 10° in measurements. Array factors synthesized using the scattering parameters confirm the good stability of the beamforming functionality over the wide frequency band analyzed. This monolithic design is a promising step toward more integrated antenna systems, such as a compact dual-stack configuration for planar array design.

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY OF DURABLE CONCRETE FOR SEA PORT AND TRANSPORT STRUCTURES IN CONDITIONS OF FROST EXPOSURE

Currently, the design of structures with a service life of 50 years in conditions of frost exposure is carried out on the basis of regulatory documents that recommend requirements for concrete quality indicators, its composition and materials for its manufacture. To a certain extent, this is a prescriptive principle, since the recommended requirements adopted during the design process are mandatory at the construction stage. The level of requirements depends on the aggressiveness of the environment and the parameters of temperature influences. As a result of laboratory selection, the working composition of concrete is determined, on the basis of which the technology of concrete works is being worked out. To ensure the service life of concrete for 50 years in an aggressive environment of class XF 4 with frost exposure, it is recommended to apply the following restrictions to the composition and quality indicators of concrete: water-cement ratio (V/C) – not higher than 0.45; cement consumption – not less than 340 kg/m3; air intake – at least 4%; concrete strength class – at least B35; brand for frost resistance – depending on the air temperature in winter in the construction area. A number of restrictions are set to the quality of materials for concrete (cement, crushed stone, sand, water) and indicators of technological properties of the concrete mixture.&#x0D; It should be noted that calculation methods for selecting the composition of the required frost resistance have not been developed. Therefore, the composition of concrete for the required grade of frost resistance is determined by the selection method. In this regard, the selection of the composition of concrete for frost resistance is a long, complex and time-consuming process performed by high-level technologists. Computational methods of durability prediction are developed to optimize design solutions by taking into account the actual operating conditions of structures and the use of materials with quality indicators sufficient to ensure the required service life of structures in specific operating conditions. The development of methods for calculating the durability of concrete determines the need to investigate the effectiveness of technological techniques used in the manufacture of structures and the boundary limits of the requirements for concrete technology to ensure the durability of structures in conditions of frost exposure.

European DEMO Fusion Reactor: Design and Integration of the Breeding Blanket Feeding Pipes

This article describes the design and configuration of the DEMO Breeding Blanket (BB) feeding pipes inside the upper port. As large BB segments require periodic replacement via the upper vertical ports, the space inside the upper port needs to be maximized. At the same time, the size of the upper port is constrained by the available space in between the toroidal field coils and the required space to integrate a thermal shield between the vacuum vessel (VV) port and the coils. The BB feeding pipes inside the vertical port need to be removed prior to BB maintenance, as they obstruct the removal kinematics. Since they are connected to the BB segments on the top and far from their vertical support on the bottom, the pipes need to be sufficiently flexible to allow for the thermal expansion of the BB segments and the pipes themselves. The optimization and verification of these BB pipes inside the upper port design are critical aspects in the development of DEMO. This article presents the chosen pipe configuration for both BB concepts considered for DEMO (helium- and water-cooled) and their structural verification for some of the most relevant thermal conditions. A 3D model of the pipes forest, both for the Helium-Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) and Water-Cooled Lithium Lead (WCLL) concepts, has been developed and integrated inside the DEMO Upper Port (UP), Upper Port Ring Channel, and Upper Port Annex (UPA). A preliminary structural analysis of the pipeline was carried out to check the structural integrity of the pipes, their flexibility against the thermal load, their internal pressure, and the deflection induced by the thermal expansion of the BB segments. The results showed that the secondary stress on the hot leg of the HCPB pipeline was above the limit, suggesting future improvements in its shape to increase the flexibility. Moreover, the WCLL concept did not have a critical point in terms of the secondary stress on the pipeline, since the thicknesses and the diameters of these pipes were smaller than the HCPB ones.

An improved intraoral transverse loop coil design for high-resolution dental MRI.

To improve intraoral transverse loop coil design for high-resolution dental MRI. The transverse intraoral loop coil (tLoop) was modified (mtLoop) by overlapping the feed port conductors, bending the posterior section, introducing a parallel plate capacitor, optimizing the insulation thickness, and using it in receive-only mode. In addition, an MR-silent insulation was introduced. The performances of the mtLoop and tLoop coils were compared in terms of sensitivity, image SNR, and eddy currents using electromagnetic simulations and MRI measurements at 3T. The receive-only mode of the mtLoop increases the sensitivity at the apices of the roots, and the overlapped feed port design eliminated signal voids along the incisors. The bent posterior section with the parallel plate capacitor reduced the unwanted signal of the tongue by a factor of 2.3 in the selected region off interest and lowered the eddy currents by 10%. The proposed new coil provided higher SNR by elevenfold and 2.5-fold at the incisors and apices of the molar roots within the selected regions of interest, respectively, in the experiments, as well as improved comfort. Optimal insulation thickness was determined as 1 mm. With the mtLoop, a (250 μm)3 isotropic resolution of the dental arch could be realized using a UTE sequence within 2 min total acquisition time. A T2 -SPACE protocol with (350 μm)2 in-plane resolution was also demonstrated. The proposed new coil offers higher SNR at the incisors and apices of the molar roots, less unwanted signals from tongue, lower eddy currents, and improved patient comfort.

Multi‐port single‐phase inverter considering battery‐alone mode for stand‐alone applications

SummaryThis paper presents a new single‐phase multi‐port DC–AC converter with high voltage gain in low duty cycle. The operation of the proposed converter consists of four modes, especially battery‐alone mode, which makes it appropriate for stand‐alone renewable applications. Using a suitable boosting method, this converter can achieve high voltage gain in all modes. The high gain performance of the converter occurs at both low shoot‐through duty cycle and high modulation index. Therefore, the output voltage and current harmonics as well as the filter size are reduced. In addition, the converter transfers the power with a continuous current through its input ports and has a common ground between the input sources and the inverter bridge. The positive features of this converter are the result of the appropriate design and localization of the bidirectional port that connects the battery to the converter. The proposed configuration includes an impedance network that protects the converter in the shoot‐through states and takes the advantage of the shoot through in its boosting performance. Another advantage of the proposed converter is that the voltage stress on the power switches on the DC side is considerably low. In order to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the converter, a prototype rated at 110 V is prepared and tested.

BIO16: Computation Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Dual Lumen VV ECMO Cannulas

Background: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) treatment requires blood to be drained from the patient’s venous system, oxygenated in an artificial membrane, and returned. Traditionally, this has been achieved with two, single lumen cannulas (SLCs). More recently, dual lumen cannulas (DLCs) combining both drainage and return functions into a single device have become increasingly popular. Recirculation fraction, the proportion of oxygenated return blood which is directly drained out before passing through the tricuspid valve, should be low. Another key design objective for these cannulas is to minimize shear stress, as high levels increase the risk of coagulation activation (hemolysis). Whilst DLCs are thought to have superior recirculation performance compared to SLCs, this has not yet been demonstrated in a direct comparison. Furthermore, the shear stress produced by DLCs, their impact on native hemodynamics and response to changes in positioning have not been reported in adults. In this study, we aim to describe the recirculation and hemodynamic performance of DLCs. Methods: A patient-averaged model of the right atrium (RA) and the venae cavae was used to model venous flow. Two common DLCs, the Maquet Avalon Elite (Getinge) and MC3 Crescent (Medtronic) were converted into 3D models (Figure 1A.). Both were downscaled to 27Fr for our patient model. To delineate these from the off-the-shelf products we use the prefix “ds” for downscaled. Both DLCs were first positioned optimally and simulated at 2,4 and 6 L/min. Noting a high degree of similarity, insertion depth (±4cm) and rotation (±30° and ±60°) was only assessed for the dsAvalon.Figure 1. A. Downscaled (ds)Avalon and dsCrescent cannula features. B. Drainage fractions from the superior (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) C. Time-averaged velocity streamlines of the high-velocity jet exiting the reinfusion port of both DLCs at 4L/min. Results: Pressure drop curves were nearly identical for the two devices. dsAvalon pressure drops agreed well with experimental data. Recirculation fraction was low for both DLCs compared to SLCs. SVC and IVC drainage adapted with ECMO flow rate to draw a greater proportion of flow from the IVC at high ECMO flow rates (Figure 1B). The reinfusion port design created a high-velocity jet of blood (Figure 1C). Consequently, time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) was very high (>475 Pa) at the reinfusion port for both designs. Discussion: DLCs exhibit superior recirculation performance compared to SLCs under ideal conditions. This appears to be due to DLCs ability to drain flow from both the IVC and SVC, favoring greater IVC drainage at higher ECMO flow rates. Both designs produce a highly focused reinfusion jet which may increase risk of hemolysis and coagulation activation.