Poroid Species Research Articles

Taxonomy and Multi-Gene Phylogeny of Poroid Panellus (Mycenaceae, Agaricales) With the Description of Five New Species From China.

Panellus is an Agaricales genus with both lamellate and poroid hymenophore. The poroid species are readily overlooked because of their tiny basidiocarps. The Chinese samples of poroid Panellus are studied, and five species, namely Panellus alpinus, Panellus crassiporus, Panellus longistipitatus, Panellus minutissimus, and Panellus palmicola are described as new species based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses inferred from an nrITS dataset and a multi-gene dataset (nrITS + nrLSU + mtSSU + nrSSU + tef1). Panellus alpinus is characterized by its round to ellipsoid pores measuring 4–6 per mm and oblong ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.8–6 μm × 2.8–3.6 μm; P. crassiporus differs from other poroid species in the genus by the irregular pores with thick dissepiments and globose basidiospores measuring 8–9.8 μm × 6.9–8 μm; P. longistipitatus is distinguished by its long stipes, pyriform cheilocystidia, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 7–9.8 μm × 5–7 μm; P. minutissimus is characterized by its tiny and gelatinous basidiocarps, 5–20 pores per basidiocarp, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 6–8 μm × 3.2–4.2 μm; P. palmicola is characterized by its round pores measuring 2–4 per mm, the presence of acerose basidioles, and globose basidiospores measuring 7–9.5 μm × 6.2–8.2 μm. An identification key to 20 poroid species of Panellus is provided.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): four new species and keys to species of the genus.

Sidera is a polypore genus with white to cream or buff basidiomata, whose species in Hymenochaetales are poorly known. We study the phylogeny and diversity of Sidera based on our recent collections from tropic and subtropic Asian-Pacific regions. Phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large subunit (nLSU) ribosomal RNA gene regions indicate that ten terminal lineages are well supported within Sidera. Based on morphological examination and phylogeny, four new species, viz. Sidera minutissima, S. parallela, S. srilankensis and S. tenuis are described, and a new combination, Sidera minutipora, is proposed. All these species are illustrated. Sidera minutissima is characterized by tiny basidiomata with bluish pores when fresh, generative hyphae dominating at the dissepiment edges, the presence of cystidioles, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.4 × 0.9–1.3 μm. Sidera parallela differs from other poroid species in the genus by having parallel tramal hyphae in combination with lunate basidiospores measuring 2.8–3.3 × 0.9–1.2 μm. Sidera srilankensis have generative and skeletal hyphae co-dominating at the dissepiment edges, and lunate basidiospores measuring 3.5–4 × 1–1.3 μm. Sidera tenuis is distinguished by small pores (8–10 per mm) and relatively long allantoid basidiospores measuring 4.2–5 × 0.8–1 μm. Sidera minutipora is characterized by buff to olivaceous buff basidiomata when dry, 5–7 pores per mm, rosette-like crystals rare, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.7–4.3 × 1–1.3 μm. An identification key to all accepted species is provided.

Morphological plasticity in brown-rot fungi: Antrodia is redefined to encompass both poroid and corticioid species

ABSTRACTMost known brown rot–producing species of Polyporales belong to the so-called “Antrodia clade” that largely consists of poroid species. In this study, we use three genetic markers to revise Antrodia s. str., the core group of this clade. We show that a corticioid species with a smooth hymenophore, Phlebia griseoflavescens, belongs to Antrodia s. str. Accordingly, we revise the generic concept of Antrodia s. str. to accommodate this species and two recently described poroid taxa, A. tenerifensis and A. multiformis. In addition, we describe two new poroid species within Antrodia s. str., A. latebrosa from Africa and A. peregrina from East Asia, and provide new documentation for the Southeast Asian species A. parvula based on recent collections from the type location.

New Poroid Hymenochaetaceae (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales) from Chile

Fomitiporia chilensis and Phylloporia boldo are described as new poroid species in the Hymenochaetaceae based on morphological, cultural, ecological, and phylogenetic analyses. Fomitiporia chilensis pertains to the Fomitiporia punctata species complex, being related to its Neotropical taxa. It is distinguished by pulvinate to effuse basidiomes that develop an indurated margin, by contextual tissue between the tube strata and basidiospores larger than 6.0 μm, and by growth on dead tissues of Peumus boldus and Cryptocarya alba. Its closest phylogenetic relatives are Fomitiporia neotropica and Fomitiporia impercepta, which differ by flatter basidiomes and by microscopical features. Phylloporia boldo grows and sporulates exclusively on living Peumus boldus. It is distinguished by a pileate basidiome with sulcate, indurated pileal surface, a dimitic hyphal system and by relatively large basidiospores 5.4–6.0 × 4.4–5.0 μm with dull chestnut walls. It was found to be phylogenetically related to Phylloporia dependens, described from China; both species being distantly related to other species in Phylloporia.

Three interesting wood rotting macro-fungi from Jharkhand, India

<p>Routine surveys of mycologically unexplored forest areas of Jharkhand, followed by a thorough examination of macro-fungal collections reveal two hitherto unrecorded poroid species (Basidiomycete) for Indian mycobiota namely, <em>Ganoderma elegantum</em> and <em>Perenniporia bambusicola</em>,<em> </em>and a less known hydnoid wood-rotting species <em>Beenakia fuliginosa</em>. Detailed taxonomic descriptions coupled with illustrations are provided for all three taxa and compared with allied taxa.</p><div> </div>

Datronia ustulatiligna sp. nov. (Agaricomycetes) from India

A new poroid species, Datronia ustulatiligna, is described on partly burned gymnospermous wood from the state of Himachal Pradesh in India.

Notes on the taxonomic positions of some Hymenochaetaceae (Basidiomycota) species with colored basidiospores

Hymenochaetaceae, belonging to Hymenochaetales and accommodating around 500 species, is one of the largest families in Basidiomycota (Kirk et al. 2008). Traditionally, poroid species in Hymenochaetaceae are mainly placed in Inonotus P. Karst. sensu lato and Phellinus Quél. sensu lato. To make a more natural taxonomic system, some small genera were segregated from the two large genera, and support for most of them was confirmed by later phylogenetic evidence (Wagner & Fischer 2002). Of the currently accepted genera, Fomitiporella Murrill, Fulvifomes Murrill and Phylloporia Murrill have species bearing non-stipitate basidiomes, no setae and colored basidiospores (Zhou & Dai 2012, Zhou 2014a, b). Several species in Inonotus sensu stricto also have these features. Therefore, it is hard to decide in which genus certain species should belong, based solely on morphological features. For this work, I performed phylogenetic analyses from nLSU and ITS sequences to explore the phylogenetic relationships of some species as discussed above, including Inonotus tenuissimus H.Y. Yu, C.L. Zhao & Y.C. Dai, Fomitiporella caryophylli (Racib.) T. Wagner & M. Fisch., Fulvifomes chinensis (Pilát) Y.C. Dai, Fulvifomes inermis (Ellis & Everh.) Y.C. Dai and Phylloporia resupinata Douanla-Meli & Ryvarden. Their taxonomic positions at generic level were also discussed considering morphology.

Wood-inhabiting fungi in southern China. 6. Polypores from Guangxi Autonomous Region

Altogether 137 species of polypores were identified, based on specimens collected from the Guangxi Autonomous Region, southern China. A checklist of the polypores with collection data is supplied. Three new species, Junghuhnia flabellata H.S. Yuan & Y.C. Dai, Rigidoporus fibulatus H.S. Yuan & Y.C. Dai and Trechispora suberosa H.S. Yuan & Y.C. Dai, are described and illustrated. Junghuhnia flabellata is characterized by its fiabelliform basidiocarps, small pores and small basidiospores, and skeletoystidia mostly present in dissepiments. Rigidoporus fibulatus is characterized by ceraceous to cartilaginous basidiocarps, clamp connections on generative hyphae and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores. Trechispora suberosa is a poroid species with corky basidiocarps, ovoid to subglobose basidiospores with a finely echinulate ornamentation, and the absence of crystals on hyphae.

Biodeterioration of external wooden structures of the Latvian cultural heritage

Abstract The study was focused mainly on the biodeterioration of the external wood of the Latvian Ethnographic Open-Air Museum, Riga (1924), and the sacral wooden buildings in Eastern Latvia (Latgale). The inspected wooden structures included windows, stairs, walls, roofs, fences, benches etc. Roofs, walls and fences were the most commonly decayed outdoor structures, while roof constructions and ceilings were the most often deteriorated indoor structures. Fungi from the phyla Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and Protozoa (Myxomycota) were identified. Common fungal genera were Antrodia, Gloeophyllum, Athelia, Hyphoderma, Hyphodontia, Pharenochaete, Postia and Botryobasidium. Mainly corticoid and poroid species were recorded in the wooden structures. The protection measures against the fungal attack should include a proper maintenance of roofs as well as the decrease/elimination of the vegetation around the buildings. The historical value of biodeteriorated structures should be taken into consideration before applying the protection/renovation measures.

Comprehensive taxon sampling reveals unaccounted diversity and morphological plasticity in a group of dimitic polypores (Polyporales, Basidiomycota).

The phylogeny of the poroid and hydnoid genera Antrodiella, Junghuhnia, and Steccherinum (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) was studied utilizing sequences of the gene regions ITS, nLSU, mtSSU, atp6, rpb2, and tef1. Altogether 148 taxa, represented by 549 sequences, were included in analyses. Results show that most species of these genera form a well supported clade in the Polyporales, called Steccherinaceae, along with 12 other hydnoid and poroid genera. Within the Steccherinaceae, generic concepts need to be revised: no fewer than 15 new genera are needed to accommodate existing and new species. At least 16 transitions have taken place between poroid and hydnoid hymenophore types within the Steccherinaceae, and similar plasticity can be seen in microscopic characters. Nevertheless, natural genera revealed in the analysis can mostly be characterized morphologically and, with few exceptions, poroid and hydnoid species belong to separate genera. The genus Steccherinum is shown to contain both hydnoid and poroid species. Species of the former Antrodiella belong to at least 10 genera within the Steccherinaceae. © The Willi Hennig Society 2011.

A new poroid species of Resupinatus from Puerto Rico, with a reassessment of the cyphelloid genus Stigmatolemma

A fungus with gelatinous poroid fruiting bodies was found in Puerto Rico and determined by macro- and micromorphology to be most similar to members of the lamellate agaric genus Resupinatus. This species is described as a new species, Resupinatus porosus. Phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal DNA sequences support the inclusion of this fungus in the clade containing Resupinatus, and indicate that this monophyletic group also includes members of Asterotus and the cyphelloid genus Stigmatolemma. Resupinatus porosus is another example of tropical poroid representatives of lamellate agaric genera. Resupinatus is emended to include species with poroid (R. porosus) or merulioid (R. merulioides) hymenophore as well as those with laterally stipitate (Asterotus) or cyphelloid (Stigmatolemma) fruiting bodies. Seven new combinations in Resupinatus are proposed to accommodate well-known species of Stigmatolemma.

A new poroid species of Resupinatus from Puerto Rico, with a reassessment of the cyphelloid genus Stigmatolemma

A fungus with gelatinous poroid fruiting bodies was found in Puerto Rico and determined by macro- and micromorphology to be most similar to members of the lamellate agaric genus Resupinatus. This species is described as a new species, Resupinatus porosus. Phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal DNA sequences support the inclusion of this fungus in the clade containing Resupinatus, and indicate that this monophyletic group also includes members of Asterotus and the cyphelloid genus Stigmatolemma. Resupinatus porosus is another example of tropical poroid representatives of lamellate agaric genera. Resupinatus is emended to include species with poroid (R. porosus) or merulioid (R. merulioides) hymenophore as well as those with laterally stipitate (Asterotus) or cyphelloid (Stigmatolemma) fruiting bodies. Seven new combinations in Resupinatus are proposed to accommodate well-known species of Stigmatolemma.

Poroid Fungi from the Azores

The collections reported in this paper were largely obtained as part of a general mycological investigation of the Azores archipelago undertaken by BMS and G. B. Butterfill (Kew) during two visits to the Islands, in April May 1995 and OctoberNovember 1996. They form part of a larger collection of fungi the study of which is still ongoing. Previous papers based on these collections have treated the Uredinales and Ustilaginales (Spooner & Butterfill 1999c), Myxomycetes (Ing et al. 1999), coprophilous discomycetes (Spooner & Butterfill 1999b), a new genus of coelomycetes (Punithalingam & Spooner 1999), and the heterobasidiomycetes (Roberts & Spooner 2004). In addition to these collections, a small number of fungi collected by P. J. Wanstall from Pico in September 1952 has recently been received at Kew. Several poroid species were included amongst these and are also reported here. The Azores archipelago, situated in the midAtlantic some 1250 km west of the nearest part of Europe, is of tertiary age and comprises nine main islands. These are volcanic in origin and were never connected to any land mass. Since colonisation by European settlers during the 15th century, the wildlife of the Azores has, inevitably, been greatly influenced by human activity. The native flora, especially, has been and continues to be adversely affected in many areas, sometimes severely so, by the naturalisation and spread of exotic species from many parts of the world able to thrive in the mild, humid climate. This has also had an influence on the

Poroid species in Trechispora and the use of calcium oxalate crystals for species identification

Species in Trechispora with a poroid hymenophore are described. The monotypic genus Echinotrema is regarded as a synonym and the new combination Trechispora clancularis is proposed. Collections determined as Trechispora mollusca can be divided in three groups supported by macromorphology of basidiomata, micromorphology of hyphae and crystals, and ultrastructure of spores. The groups correspond to species and should be named T. candidissima, T. hymenocystis and T. mollusca. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis shows that crystals on hyphae in these three species contain calcium, presumably as calcium oxalate. In each species, crystals show a different and constant morphology which seems to be under genetical control. Crystal morphology is the most reliable separating character. A key to some poroid species with ornamented spores in Corticiaceae is provided.

British poroid species formerly placed in the genus Tyromyces (Coriolaceae)

British poroid species formerly placed in the genus Tyromyces (Coriolaceae)

Illustrations of Fungi—XVI

The accompanying figures represent some of the tough and woody fungi known as polypores. Most of the species of this group grow on dead wood in brackets of various sizes and shapes, the fruiting surface being composed of tubes or furrows. Sometimes the walls of these tubes split with age and the hymenium appears spiny, resembling the hydnums; sometimes the furrows change-with age to appear like gills. When the fruit-body is perennial, the tubes are often arranged in layers. The family may be divided into four groups, the resupinates, the annual poroid species, the perennial poroid species, and the agaric-like species. The resupinate species are difficult for the beginner; some of the larger species of the other groups are comparatively easy. Polypores as a class are very destructive to trees and timber. On the other hand, one species possesses medicinal properties, some of the encrusted species supply tinder, and several of the more juicy ones are excellent for food if collected when young. The only species recognized as poisonous is the medicinal one, Fomes Laricis, and it is so tough and bitter that no one would think of eating it.