Poroid Hymenophore Research Articles

Morphology and multigene phylogeny revealed four new species of Xylodon (Schizoporaceae, Basidiomycota) from southern China.

Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms on Earth, amongst which wood-inhabiting fungi play a crucial role in ecosystem processes and functions. Four new wood-inhabiting fungi, Xylodoncremeoparinaceus, X.luteodontioides, X.poroides and X.wumengshanensis are proposed, based on morphological features and molecular evidence. Xylodoncremeoparinaceus is distinguished by a cream hymenial surface with a pruinose hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodonluteodontioides is characterised by flavescens hymenophore surface with odontioid hymenophore, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodonporoides bears coriaceous basidiomata with a poroid hymenophore surface, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodonwumengshanensis is a distinct taxon by its grandinoid hymenophore surface, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed using the Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, and Bayesian Inference methods. The phylogram, based on the ITS+nLSU rDNA gene regions, included three genera within the Schizoporaceae as Fasciodontia, Lyomyces and Xylodon. The four new species were grouped into the genus Xylodon. The topology, based on the ITS sequences, revealed that Xylodoncremeoparinaceus was grouped closely with X.pruinosus, X.detriticus and X.ussuriensis. The taxon X.luteodontioides was sister to X.nesporii. The species X.poroides separated from X.pseudotropicus, while X.wumengshanensis was grouped with four taxa: X.patagonicus, X.radula, X.subtropicus and X.taiwanianus.

Revisiting the phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) with particular emphasis on S.vulgaris.

The genus Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) comprises white-rot, mono- or dimitic fungi with poroid or hydnoid hymenophore. It has a worldwide distribution albeit with fewer species present in the Southern Hemisphere. Although recent studies revealed the existence of several new Sidera species, there are still taxonomic inconsistencies and obscure phylogenetic relationships amongst certain taxa of the genus. In this work, a large number of Sidera collections were used to obtain an updated phylogeny, based on ITS and 28S rDNA sequences by including new material from Mediterranean Europe. The monophyly of the genus was strongly supported and all species with poroid hymenophore formed a highly-supported lineage with two major subclades. In total, 23 putative species were recognised. Amongst those, five are considered to possibly represent entities new to science, but further work is required since they are represented by single specimens or environmental sequences. Examined collections originally named S.lenis from southern Europe were grouped within S.vulgaris. Similarly, several collections under various names were hereby identified as S.vulgaris, including those of the recently described species S.tibetica. Furthermore, a critical discussion (based on morphoanatomical findings) is made on the key features that could be used to distinguish S.lenis from S.vulgaris.

Three new species of Favolaschia (Mycenaceae, Agaricales) from South China.

The genus Favolaschia within the family Mycenaceae is characterised by the gelatinous basidiomata with poroid hymenophore and most species inhabit monocotyledonous plants. In this study, many samples covering a wide geographic range in China were examined morphologically and phylogenetically using concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nLSU sequence data. Three new species clustering in Favolaschiasect.Anechinus, namely Favolaschiaimbricata, F.miscanthi and F.sinarundinariae, are described. Favolaschiaimbricata is characterised by imbricate basidiomata with pale grey to greyish colour when fresh and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7-9 × 5-6.8 µm; F.miscanthi is characterised by satin white basidiomata when fresh, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7.5-10 × 5.5-7 µm and inhabit rotten Miscanthus; F.sinarundinariae is characterised by greyish-white basidiomata when fresh, dark grey near the base upon drying, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 7-9 × 5-7 µm and inhabit dead Sinarundinaria. The differences amongst the new species and their morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are discussed. In addition, an updated key to 19 species of Favolaschia found in China is provided.

Fulvifomes aurantiacus sp. nov. (Basidiomycota; Hymenochaetaceae) from Pakistan

The present study is the first report dealing with Pakistani Fulvifomes species. A new species, Fulvifomes aurantiacus, is identified on the basis of morpho-anatomical and phylogenetic analyses from Lahore, Pakistan. The species is characterized by pileate to sub-stipitate, basidiocarps having orange-brown pileal surface with yellow ocher wide zones and velutinous poroid hymenophore; 4–5 pores per millimeter, the presence of duplex context, dimitic hyphal system, absence of hymenial setae and the presence of contextual gleoplerous hyphae and highly pigmented ovoid to sub-globose basidiospores, 4.4–6.7 × 3.75–5.8 μm. Phylogenetically, our species formed a distinct clade with other Fulvifomes species, indicating its distinct position in the genus.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Rickenella clade) from China and North America revealing two new species.

Sidera, belonging to the Rickenella clade of Hymenochaetales, is a worldwide genus with mostly poroid hymenophore of wood-inhabiting fungi. Two new species in the genus, Sideraamericana and S.borealis, are described and illustrated from China and North America based on morphological and molecular evidence. They were mainly found growing on rotten wood of Abies, Picea and Pinus. S.americana is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiomata with silk sheen when dry, round pores (9-11 per mm), a dimitic hyphal system, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.5-4.2 × 1 μm. S.borealis is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiomata with cream to pinkish buff dry pore surface, angular pores (6-7 per mm), a dimitic hyphal system, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.9-4.1 × 1-1.1 μm. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined 2-locus dataset [ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) + nuclear large subunit RNA (nLSU)] shows that the two species are members of Sidera, and they are compared with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species, respectively. An identification key to 18 accepted species of Sidera in worldwide is provided.

Five new species of Schizoporaceae (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales) from East Asia.

Five new wood-inhabiting fungi, Lyomycesalbopulverulentus, L.yunnanensis, Xylodondaweishanensis, X.fissuratus, and X.puerensisspp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Lyomycesalbopulverulentus is characterized by brittle basidiomata, pruinose hymenophore with a white hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Lyomycesyunnanensis is characterized by a grandinioid hymenial surface, the presence of capitate cystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodondaweishanensis is characterized by an odontioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and broad ellipsoid-to-subglobose basidiospores. Xylodonfissuratus is characterized by a cracking basidiomata with a grandinioid hymenial surface, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodonpuerensis is characterized by a poroid hymenophore with an angular or slightly daedaleoid configuration, and ellipsoid-to-broad-ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogram based on the ITS+nLSU rDNA gene regions (Fig. 1) included six genera within the families Chaetoporellaceae, Hyphodontiaceae, Hymenochaetaceae, and Schizoporaceae (Hymenochaetales)-Fasciodontia, Hastodontia, Hyphodontia, Kneifiella, Lyomyces, and Xylodon-in which the five new species were grouped into genera Lyomyces and Xylodon. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the ITS sequences highlighted that Lyomycesalbopulverulentus formed a monophyletic lineage and was then grouped closely with L.bambusinus, L.orientalis, and L.sambuci; additionally, L.yunnanensis was sister to L.niveus with strong supports. The topology, based on the ITS sequences, revealed that Xylodondaweishanensis was retrieved as a sister to X.hyphodontinus; X.fissuratus was grouped with the four taxa X.montanus, X.subclavatus, X.wenshanensis, and X.xinpingensis; and X.puerensis was clustered with X.flaviporus, X.ovisporus, X.subflaviporus, X.subtropicus, and X.taiwanianus.

Collybiopsis bambusicola sp. nov. in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China

Collybiopsis bambusicola sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Yunnan Province, Southwestern China, based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses. It is characterized by its minute, cream to cinnamon basidiomata, short, eccentric stipe, forked lamellae, nearly poroid hymenophore which are radially arranged from the base of the stipe, 2–spored basidia, oblong ellipsoid basidiospores (6–8.3 × 3–4.3 μm), and gregarious on dead bamboo. In ITS + nLSU based phylogeny, the new species formed a distinct lineage nested within Collybiopsis ramealis complex clade.

Новые для Калужской области виды трутовых грибов (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota)

Eight species of aphyllophoroid fungi with poroid hymenophore were revealed for the first time for the Kaluga Region (European part of Russia) as a result of a mycological survey of forest ecosystems carried out by the author in August 2022 in the southern area of the Kaluzhskie Zaseki State Nature Reserve. The species Poriella subacida is listed for the first time in the Central Russian Upland. Detailed information on recorded wood substrates and habitats, geographical coordinates of findings, and numbers of herbarium specimens deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the RAS (LE) are given for each species. The features of ecology and distribution of new to the Kaluga Region fungal species in the adjacent regions and in Russia as a whole are briefly discussed.

Taxonomy and Multi-Gene Phylogeny of Poroid Panellus (Mycenaceae, Agaricales) With the Description of Five New Species From China.

Panellus is an Agaricales genus with both lamellate and poroid hymenophore. The poroid species are readily overlooked because of their tiny basidiocarps. The Chinese samples of poroid Panellus are studied, and five species, namely Panellus alpinus, Panellus crassiporus, Panellus longistipitatus, Panellus minutissimus, and Panellus palmicola are described as new species based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses inferred from an nrITS dataset and a multi-gene dataset (nrITS + nrLSU + mtSSU + nrSSU + tef1). Panellus alpinus is characterized by its round to ellipsoid pores measuring 4–6 per mm and oblong ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.8–6 μm × 2.8–3.6 μm; P. crassiporus differs from other poroid species in the genus by the irregular pores with thick dissepiments and globose basidiospores measuring 8–9.8 μm × 6.9–8 μm; P. longistipitatus is distinguished by its long stipes, pyriform cheilocystidia, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 7–9.8 μm × 5–7 μm; P. minutissimus is characterized by its tiny and gelatinous basidiocarps, 5–20 pores per basidiocarp, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 6–8 μm × 3.2–4.2 μm; P. palmicola is characterized by its round pores measuring 2–4 per mm, the presence of acerose basidioles, and globose basidiospores measuring 7–9.5 μm × 6.2–8.2 μm. An identification key to 20 poroid species of Panellus is provided.

Two new species of Sistotrema s.l. (Cantharellales) from Japan with descriptions of their ectomycorrhizae.

We describe two new species of resupinate Sistotrema sensu lato (Cantharellales) collected in Japan: S. flavorhizomorphae and S. chloroporum. Both species have urniform basidia with more than four sterigmata and monomitic hyphal system, oil-rich hyphae in subiculum, which is typical for this genus. Sistotrema chloroporum is characterized by poroid hymenophore partly yellowish-green, basidia 4-6-spored, medium-sized basidiospores (4.5-6.5 × 3.5-6 µm), and broadleaf forest habitat. Sistotrema flavorhizomorphae is characterized by hydnoid-irpicoid hymenophore, bright yellowish rhizomorphs, basidia 6-8-spored, small basidiospores (3-3.5 × 2.5-3 µm), and pine forest habitat. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the fungal nrDNA ITS and LSU and the rpb2 sequences supported that both species were distinct and grouped with other ectomycorrhizal Sistotrema and Hydnum species, but their generic boundary was unclear. Mycorrhizae underneath basidiomes of both species were identified and described via molecular techniques. Mycorrhizae of S. chloroporum have similar characteristics to those of other Sistotrema s.l. and Hydnum species, i.e., S. confluens and H. repandum, whereas S. flavorhizomorphae has a distinct morpho-anatomy, for example, a distinct pseudoparenchymatous mantle. Comprehensive characterizations of basidiomes and mycorrhizae improve the taxonomic analysis of mycorrhizal species of Sistotrema s.l.

Taxonomy and ecology of Physisporinus forming synnema-like structures in freshwater environments

ABSTRACT Since 2011, we have collected fungi that form synnema-like structures (SSs) bearing many acanthophyses at the apex on water-splashed wood in streams in various regions of Japan. A provisional phylogenetic analysis of strains isolated from SSs based on their nrDNA sequences implied affinity with Physisporinus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). However, it has not been reported that this genus forms SSs in freshwater habitats. We found a fungus forming not only SSs on the water-boundary part of wood but also resupinate basidiocarps with poroid hymenophores on nonsubmerged parts, and the morphological characteristics of the basidiocarps matched those of Physisporinus. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between SS-forming fungi and their sexual states by taxonomic approaches. Phylogenetic analyses based on nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) sequences indicated that SS-forming fungi diverged into five clades in Physisporinus. Each clade was discriminated by the color of SSs, morphology of acanthophyses, and cultural characteristics. Of the five clades, Clade 1, which consisted only of sequences of strains isolated from SSs and basidiocarps produced on rhizomorphs, was closely related to P. eminens and P. undatus, but the morphology of basidiocarps and the manner of basidiocarp development differed. Clade 5 was closely related to P. castanopsidis, P. crocatus, P. pouzarii, P. sanguinolentus, P. subcrocatus, P. tibeticus, and P. vitreus, but the basidiocarp morphology differed. Therefore, Clades 1 and 5 were described as two new species. Regarding Clades 2, 3, and 4, further taxonomic studies with additional specimens are required. SS and acanthophysis formation in wet habitats in streams and in culture could be recognized as new taxonomic and ecological characters of Physisporinus.

Global diversity and systematics of Hymenochaetaceae with poroid hymenophore

Taxonomy and phylogeny of poroid Hymenochaetaceae based on the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses are presented. A phylogeny based on a combined dataset of ITS and nLSU sequences for accepted genera of Hymenochaetaceae was analyzed and two or multigene phylogenies for most species of ten large genera including Coltricia, Fomitiporella, Fomitiporia, Fulvifomes, Fuscoporia, Inonotus, Phylloporia, Porodaedalea, Sanghuangporus and Tropicoporus, were carried out. Based on samples from 37 countries of five continents, seven new genera, Meganotus, Neophellinus, Nothonotus, Pachynotus, Perenninotus, Pseudophylloporia and Rigidonotus, are introduced, 37 new species, Coltricia tibetica, Fomitiporella crassa, F. queenslandica, Fomitiporia eucalypti, F. gatesii, F. ovoidospora, Fulvifomes azonatus, F. caligoporus, F. costaricense, F. floridanus, F. jouzaii, F. nakasoneae, F. subindicus, Fuscoporia sinuosa, F. submurina, Inonotus subradiatus, I. vietnamensis, Neomensularia castanopsidis, Pachynotus punctatus, Phellinus cuspidatus, P. subellipsoideus, Phylloporia minutissima, P. tabernaemontanae, Porodaedalea occidentiamericana, P. orientoamericana, P. qilianensis, P. schrenkianae, Pseudophylloporia australiana, Sanghuangporus australianus, S. lagerstroemiae, Tropicoporus angustisulcatus, T. hainanicus, T. lineatus, T. minus, T. ravidus, T. substratificans and T. tenuis, are described, and 108 new combinations are proposed. In addition, one illegitimate name and two invalid names are renamed, and Coltricia and Coltriciella were synonymized. The taxonomic relevance and limits of the new taxa are discussed. Photos and illustrations for 37 new species are presented, and a full description for each new species is given. Eventually, this study recognizes 672 species in 34 genera and provides a modern treatment of the poroid Hymenochaetaceae in the world. A key to the accepted poroid genera of Hymenochaetaceae is provided, and identification keys to the accepted species of 32 poroid genera worldwide are given. A synopsis description of each species is included in these keys.

Redelimitation of Heteroradulum (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) with H.australiense sp. nov.

Auriculariales accommodates species with diverse basidiomes and hymenophores. From morphological and phylogenetic perspectives, we perform a taxonomic study on Heteroradulum, a recently validated genus within the Auriculariales. The genus Grammatus is merged into Heteroradulum, and thus its generic type G.labyrinthinus is combined with Heteroradulum and G.semis is reaccepted as a member of Heteroradulum. Heteroradulumaustraliense is newly described on the basis of three Australian specimens. Heteroradulumyunnanense is excluded from this genus and its taxonomic position at the generic level is considered uncertain. Accordingly, the circumscription of Heteroradulum is re-delimited and the concept of this genus is adjusted by including irpicoid to poroid hymenophores and a hyphal system with clamp connections or simple septa. A key to all nine accepted species of Heteroradulum is presented.

Additions to the knowledge of hydnoid Steccherinaceae: Cabalodontia, Etheirodon, Metuloidea, and Steccherinum

ABSTRACT The family Steccherinaceae includes genera with smooth, hydnoid, and poroid hymenophores, monomitic to dimitic hyphal systems, and generative hyphae with clamps or simple septa. Steccherinum is the largest genus in the family, with a worldwide distribution, and is characterized mainly by a dimitic hyphal system and presence of thick-walled encrusted cystidia. Species traditionally included in Steccherinum, however, have been transferred to other genera based on results of molecular phylogenetic analyses. Even though knowledge of Steccherinaceae has increased in the past few years, very little is known about the hydnoid species of the family, especially from the Neotropics. In this study, we present morphological and phylogenetic analyses on hydnoid specimens of Steccherinaceae collected in the Neotropics. Molecular data of nuc internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS rDNA (ITS) and portions of nuc 28S rDNA (28S), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1), and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb1) were obtained from Brazilian collections. Types and original collections were studied for morphological comparison. Samples we studied grouped in four different genera of Steccherinaceae: Cabalodontia, Etheirodon, Metuloidea, and Steccherinum. Three new neotropical species, Cabalodontia delicata, Etheirodon purpureum, and Steccherinum larssonii, are described. In addition, the new combinations Cabalodontia albofibrillosa and Metuloidea reniformis are proposed. The four genera presented in this study are compared and discussed in detail.

Two new species of Panellus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from China

Based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence, two new species of Panellus, P. bambusicola and P. yunnanensis, are described and illustrated from Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Both species are characterized by white and gelatinous basidiocarps, poroid hymenophore which is concolorous with the pileal surface, a monomitic hyphal system with slightly thick-walled tramal hyphae. P. bambusicola has oblong ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 6–7.2 × 3–3.8 μm, whereas P. yunnanensis has ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 6.5–8.5 × 3.8–4.5 μm. In addition, samples of P. bambusicola and P. yunnanensis formed two distinct phylogenetic lineages based on the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene regions (nLSU) sequences.

<p><strong>A new species of <em>Resupinatus</em> (Agaricomycetes) with merulioid hymenophore from India</strong></p>

Resupinatus odoratus sp.nov. is described from Kerala State and is characterized by a merulioid to poroid hymenophore, inamyloid basidiospores, clavate to coralloid cheilocystidia, gelatinised tissues, coralloid pileipellis elements in the ixocutis, a fragrant spicy odor, and a distinct nrITS sequence. A comprehensive description, photographs, and comparison with similar species are provided.

New recorded species of polypore for Indonesia found in Universitas Indonesia Depok Campus

The polypore mushrooms or polypores are distinguished by their binding and skeletal hyphae and typical poroid hymenophore. Huge beneficial ecological and anthropocentric values can be obtained from them. The taxonomy information about of this group of mushrooms in Indonesia is very limited and very difficult to find. This study was aimed to collect, characterize, and identify the polypores in Universitas Indonesia Depok Campus which has forest area. Sampling was conducted using broad survey method. Characterization, identification, and species description were performed based on morphological data, both macroscopic and microscopic examination. Seventy specimens which were collected consisted of 34 species from 22 genera, 7 families (1 incertae sedis), and 4 orders. Polyporales Gäum is the largest order (82,35% from all species found) with Polyporaceae and Trametes as the largest family and genus, respectively. This study discovered 17 new recorded species polypores for Java and 11 new recorded species polypores for Indonesia.

Xylodon subflaviporus sp. nov. (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from East Asia

Xylodon subflaviporus (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) is described as a new species collected from tropical and subtropical regions of East Asia. This new species is characterized by resupinate basidiocarps, a poroid hymenophore, pseudodimitic hyphal system, nodose-septate hyphae, four types of cystidia (capitate, acicular to cylindrical, subulate to ventricose, and apically-encrusted), and thin-walled, colorless, smooth and ellipsoid basidiospores. Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony algorithms were used to construct phylogenies inferred from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. Morphological and molecular studies, along with intercompatibility tests, confirmed the independent status of this species. Also, based on morphological and molecular evidence, six new combinations of Xylodon are proposed to accommodate species originally classified under Hyphodontia s.l., i.e. X. bubalinus, X. chinensis, X. mollissimus, X. nongravis, X. reticulatus and X. subtropicus. A key to known species of Hyphodontia s.l. with poroid, irpicoid or raduloid hymenophores is provided for the convenience in identification.

Multiple genes phylogeny and morphological characters reveal Dextrinoporus aquaticus gen. et sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from southern China

Dextrinoporus aquaticus gen. et sp. nov. is proposed based on ITS, nLSU, RPB2, and mtSSU genes molecular phylogeny and morphological characteristics from southwestern China. The new species is characterized by an annual, pileate basidiocarp with a poroid hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system, thick-walled generative hyphae with dextrinoid and cyanophilous reactions, presence of dendrohyphidia and ellipsoid, thin-walled, and acyanophilous basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses based on four gene sequences indicate that D. aquaticus belongs to Polyporaceae in which it has an isolated position, and the new taxon is related to the clade of Lopharia cinerascens and Dentocorticium sulphurellum.

First record of Albatrellus (Russulales, Albatrellaceae) from Thailand

The genus Albatrellus, mostly known from temperate zones in North America, Europe and some Asian countries, is unusual among Russulales in having a poroid hymenophore, as other Albatrellaceae. Albatrellus is reported here for the first time from Thailand, with macro- and micromorphological descriptions and supporting illustrations. Molecular analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) confirmed that our collection is closely related to Albatrellus subrubescens, but genetic distances suggest that it could be a new species. More collections are needed from Thailand or neighboring countries to firmly establish its taxonomic identity. DNA sequencing of ectomycorrhized root tips, with both ITS (to identify the fungal partner) and psbA-trnH (to identify the plant partner) demonstrated that Pinus kesiya was the ectomycorrhizal host of the Thai collection of Albatrellus.