Population Of Immigrant Origin Research Articles

Implementation of the first respiratory syncytial (RSV) immunization campaign with nirsevimab in an autonomous community in Spain

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of low respiratory tract infections in infants under one year of age. In the 2023/2024 season, the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab was available to protect children from RSV, and Spain has become one of the first countries worldwide to implement this strategy. It is essential to evaluate the results of this first campaign and different characteristics of the immunized population in order to plan next campaigns, especially for countries that are going to include this immunization. Our coverage was high (91.5% for those born during the season and 88.3% globally). For those born during the season, only 4.9% preferred not to immunize at the maternity hospital, which meant an average delay of 27.45 days. We observed a lower coverage in the population of immigrant origin. There was a rapid pace of immunization, since for those born before the beginning of the campaign the mean to be immunized was 15.63 days, without differences between healthy and at-risk children. This allows immunization before the RSV season (90% of the catch-up children had been immunized on November 3). The average age at which all the immunized children have received nirsevimab was lower in healthy children compared to those with risk conditions (49.65 versus 232.85 days). For those born during the campaign, the average age was also lower in healthy children (3.14 versus 14.58 days). In conclusion, we consider that the implementation of the immunization strategy with nirsevimab in the Region of Murcia, Spain, has been a success.

Migratory flows and pandemic: An analysis of impacts on immigrants of foreign origin in Spain

AbstractRestrictions on mobility as a measure to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic meant, in the case of Spain, an abrupt ending to what could be called the second international migratory boom. At the same time, internal migrations underwent considerable change, with cities becoming less attractive as a destination for migrants, and increased flows into rural areas. In this context, our aim is twofold. First, it is to describe and analyse the decline in international migration according to origin and, second, to analyse internal migration among the population of immigrant origin. The results point to a temporary steep downturn in international flows, which does not affect all origins equally. In the case of internal migrations, there is a slight reduction in the intensity of movements with patterns similar to those of the autochthonous population. However, this drop in numbers is very significant among Asians and barely noticeable among immigrants from Latin America.

Sociocultural differences in the development of obesity in adolescents in Murcia

BackgroundChildhood obesity presents alarming numbers in our country, being even higher in the population of immigrant origin. The main objective was to analyse the excess weight numbers both in native adolescents and in those children of immigrants and to determine the ethnic influence on lifestyle habits that could condition these differences in weight overload. MethodsAdolescents from 1st year of Obligatory Secondary Education (E.S.O.) participated; somatometry was determined and classified according to BMI (with WHO references) and parental origin. Parents completed the survey on healthy habits (ENHASA). An analysis of variance was performed for each of the 4 dimensions of the questionnaire. ResultsA total of 416 adolescents participated (12.8±0.62 years). Excess weight was detected in 41.2% of the participants, with significant differences between groups (p 0.018): 36.7% in Spanish, 42.9% in North Africa and 58.2% in South America. The ANOVA analysis showed differences in the section “physical activity” (p 0.003), highlighting the maximum disparity in the performance of extracurricular sports activities, with a lower score in both non-native groups. ConclusionWe found significant differences according to ethnic origin in the number of overweight children and the amount of physical activity they do; South American adolescents are the most sedentary. We must design interventions that guarantee the access of all adolescents to sports activities to prevent the development of obesity.

Diferencias socioculturales en el desarrollo de la obesidad en adolescentes en Murcia

BackgroundChildhood obesity presents alarming numbers in our country, being even higher in the population of immigrant origin. The main objective was to analyse the excess weight numbers both in native adolescents and in those children of immigrants and to determine the ethnic influence on lifestyle habits that could condition these differences in weight overload. MethodsAdolescents from 1st year of Obligatory Secondary Education (ESO) participated; somatometry was determined and classified according to BMI (with WHO references) and parental origin. Parents completed the survey on healthy habits (ENHASA). An analysis of variance was performed for each of the 4 dimensions of the questionnaire. ResultsA total of 416 adolescents participated (12.8 ± 0.62 years). Excess weight was detected in 41.2% of the participants, with significant differences between groups (p 0.018): 36.7% in Spanish, 42.9% in North Africa and 58.2% in South America. The ANOVA analysis showed differences in the section “physical activity” (p 0.003), highlighting the maximum disparity in the performance of extracurricular sports activities, with a lower score in both non-native groups. ConclusionsWe found significant differences according to ethnic origin in the number of overweight children and the amount of physical activity they do; South American adolescents are the most sedentary. We must design interventions that guarantee the access of all adolescents to sports activities to prevent the development of obesity.

Наслідки сучасної міграційної політики Європейського Союзу

The article analyzes the state of state regulation of migration processes, as well as the consequences resulting from the implementation of modern migration policy. In the course of the research it is proved that the world events taking place today have actualized a number of main migration problems in the EU. COVID-19, for example, contributes to a historic halt in global mobility, increases inequalities among populations of immigrant origin and, due to existing circumstances, weakens state support for them. At the same time, persistent refugee crises have attracted less attention, due to both the socio-political and financial situation within the EU. On top of this, migrants stranded by the COVID-19 pandemic have begun to put pressure on host and transit countries. Because of the fall of the government in Afghanistan, there is now a mass migration of Afghans, the diversification of migration flows, and the «weaponization» of migration for geopolitical purposes. Important in migration policy today is the establishment of dialogue and partnership with countries of origin and transit on the basis of solidarity and shared responsibility, with a global approach to migration and mobility to be seen as an essential basis for EU migration policy processes, its complementary foreign policy and development cooperation. A number of decisive measures have been taken in recent years in response to migration pressures, but a concerted effort to create an effective, humane and safe European migration policy must be intensified. Governments, the private sector, civil society, as well as local authorities and regional organizations must commit themselves to maximizing the positive aspects of migration and reducing the negative consequences of ill-conceived migration policy implementation decisions.

Foreign Language Curricula and the Influence of Immigrant-Origin Groups

Despite theoretical claims that assimilation is a multidirectional process, most studies assess the behaviors of immigrants and their children. The author departs from this tradition to ask whether immigrant-origin populations influence the availability of Advanced Placement Spanish and Chinese/Japanese language courses. Building on past work, the author treats foreign language programs as a marker of institutional change and a greater acceptance of immigrant culture. County-level data are pooled from the American Community Survey, the Common Core of Data, the Voting and Elections Collection (CQ Press), and the College Board between 2000 and 2017. The results indicate that Hispanic and Chinese/Japanese populations exert an influence on school curricula, but this relation varies depending on historical patterns of immigrant settlement. The author also finds that Spanish and Asian foreign language programs are most likely to be demanded in locations with highly educated populations. This article provides evidence that mainstream institutions can move toward immigrant and minority culture.

Diferencias en el consumo de tiempo sanitario entre población infantil autóctona e inmigrante en 2 comarcas del País Vasco

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to analyse the frequency and time of consultation in Primary Care and in paediatric hospital emergencies, between the native (Spanish-Born) paediatric population and children of immigrant origin, as well as its relationship with socioeconomic variables. Patients and methodsThe retrospective observational cohort study was conducted on 301 children in two regions of the Basque Country (Gipuzkoa). The immigrant population was represented following the proportion of nationalities distribution in 2011. The native population had the same age distribution as the immigrant origin population. The sample was selected by simple randomisation. Frequency and consultation time data were obtained through the administrative databases. An ad hoc face-to-face survey, addressed to the guardians of the study subjects, was carried out in order to obtain socio-economic data. ResultsNo differences were observed in frequency or mean duration of the consultation visits. The profile of the significantly more frequent child in Primary Care responded to children from 0 to 6 years old, with maximum one sibling. This profile was repeated when attending hospital emergencies. On the other hand, as regards outpatient consultation time, the relationship between mothers with a high education level or university degree and longer duration of Primary Care visits was highlighted. ConclusionsAge, the number of siblings, and mother's education level were the variables that have best explained the variability in terms of frequency and time of consultation, affecting both groups of children equally and in the same direction.

Landscapes of appropriation and assimilation: the impact of immigrant-origin populations on U.S. cuisine

ABSTRACT Although assimilation theories acknowledge that the host society adopts aspects of migrant culture, empirical work continues to focus on the assimilation trajectories of immigrants. This study represents the first effort to investigate, on a national level, whether Asians and Hispanics exert a cultural influence on local populations. We assess this possibility by using ethnic restaurants – both national chain and local establishments – as a test case. County-level data is pooled from the decennial U.S. Census, the American Community Survey, the Economic Research Service, the Voting and Elections Collection from CQ Press, and Reference U.S.A. to investigate the association of interest; Nielsen Marketing data is used to further supplement analyses. Results indicate that Asians and Hispanics may indeed influence local community expressions of culture – both in terms of restaurant availability and the extent to which those outside of the co-ethnic community engage in restaurant ownership. Moreover, we find compelling evidence that assimilation may be stronger in locations with advantaged majority populations. In combination, this manuscript offers innovative theoretical perspectives as well as preliminary evidence to suggest assimilation is indeed a multidirectional process.

Workforce diversity policies in practice: drivers and barriers in local administrations

ABSTRACT Employment in the municipal workforce is a key area in which cities shape the inclusion of their population of immigrant origin. While many European cities have developed policies aiming to foster the employment of staff of immigrant origin, little is known about the drivers and barriers of their implementation. Based on a comparative case study of local administrations in one German regional state and drawing on organizational theory, this article explores the role of organizational factors. It shows how the interplay of mainly two factors matters: support from the administrative leadership and the pragmatic recruitment rationalities of the human resources practitioners. Additionally, the findings suggest that the local identity as municipality more or less shaped by immigration also informs practices. The article argues that to understand the implementation of policies promoting workforce diversity organizational structures and rationalities must be considered.

Social Mobility across Immigrant Generations: Recent Evidence and Future Data Requirements

This article assesses second-generation socioeconomic mobility using the most recent data available for eighteen ethnic groups from the Current Population Survey. In contrast to prior predictions of second-generation declines in mobility, this analysis finds significant progress in the second generation, both when that generation is compared to first-generation proxy parents and when compared to native peers of the same age cohort descended from what I identify as “proximal host groups.” The analysis also underscores the significant data limitations that continue to plague assessments of intergenerational mobility in immigrant-origin populations, pointing to the urgent need to collect new and better data against which researchers can benchmark socioeconomic attainment for the post-1965 third generation, which will enter young adulthood in the next decade.

From “Different” to “Similar”

Assimilation is theorized as a multi-stage process where the structural mobility of immigrants and their descendants ultimately leads to established and immigrant-origin populations developing a subjective sense of social similarity with one another, an outcome I term symbolic belonging. Yet existing work offers little systematic evidence as to whether and how immigrants’ gains—in terms of language ability, socioeconomic status, neighborhood integration, or intermarriage—cause changes in the perceptions of the native-born U.S. population. I use a nationally representative conjoint survey experiment to explore whether and how immigrants’ mobility gains shape native-born white citizens’ perceptions of symbolic belonging. I find that white natives are generally open to structural relationships with immigrant-origin individuals (e.g., friends and neighbors), with the exception of black immigrants and natives, and undocumented immigrants. Yet, white Americans simultaneously view all non-white people, regardless of legal status, as dissimilar and far from achieving symbolic belonging in U.S. society. The results offer optimism about the potential structural mobility of legal immigrants and their descendants, yet simultaneously suggest that explicitly racialized lines of division remain just below the surface.

Incorporation beyond Cleavages? Parties, Candidates and Germany's Immigrant-Origin Electorate

This article is an attempt to shed more light on the relationship between parties and immigrants. The focus of the empirical analyses is on candidates and issues as linkage mechanisms between parties and voter groups. The results do not only point to some changes in this relationship, but also to a few elements that indicate a specific representational bond between the immigrant-origin electorate and immigrant-origin politicians. This finding corroborates the ‘politics of presence’ hypothesis by Anne Phillips, but rather as a complementary element of political representation than as a substitute. There are significant differences in some migration-related policy positions of native politicians and of those of immigrant origin – in all parties. Irrespective of the specific voter–candidate relationship among the immigrant-origin population, the analyses in this article strongly support the traditional, party-centred ‘politics of ideas’ approach. Consequently, the political integration of immigrants and their descendants can be characterised as a more general process across parties, and this process is expected to linger on.

Immigrant Context and Opportunity

Immigrant-origin populations, once overwhelmingly concentrated in a handful of receiving gateways, have dispersed in recent decades to scores of new destinations throughout the United States. This pattern and its implications for immigrant incorporation have received a great deal of attention, but the vast majority of research has focused on Hispanics. This article examines the relationship between settlement patterns and socioeconomic attainment (income, occupational status, and homeownership) among Asians. Drawing on individual- and metro-level information from the 2009 to 2011 American Community Survey, results suggest that Asians in new destinations face an important tradeoff between income and homeownership, and that differences across contexts are largely attributable to metropolitan labor and housing market conditions, rather than the ethnic context per se. However, there are important differences in outcomes among Asians by national origin and sex, and a comparison with whites suggests that inequality differs across new and more established Asian settlement areas.

SOS Racisme and the Legacies of Colonialism 2005–2009: An Ambivalent Relationship

The relationship of French anti-racist organisations with the country's colonial past forms a substantial division within the movement. Whilst some organisations—the Mouvement des Indigènes de la République, for example—place colonial commemoration at the heart of their ideology and draw parallels between the colonial past and post-colonial present, others are far more sceptical. One such group is SOS Racisme, which, despite the intense debate around the legacies of colonialism during the article's timeframe (typified by the law of 23 February 2005 on the ‘positive role’ of colonisation, and Nicolas Sarkozy's discourse on ‘repentance’), has been consistently reluctant to acknowledge the impact of such legacies on contemporary French society, to the extent of seeing too much emphasis on the colonial past as actively harmful to both the anti-racist movement and populations of immigrant origin. In this article, the author considers why this is, noting that although SOS sees France's colonial past as a legitimate area of historical study, it rejects the idea that it should affect the way in which post-colonial populations are seen and treated in contemporary France; the idea that it should form the backbone of these populations' identities; and the idea that immigrants and their descendants have the right to see themselves as victims solely because of their colonial heritage. This rejection, the author argues, can be linked with both SOS's emphasis on universalist republicanism and its prioritisation of practical action against racism over analysis of its causes.

When White Is Just Alright

Research on immigration, educational achievement, and ethnoraciality has followed the lead of racialization and assimilation theories by focusing empirical attention on the immigrant-origin population (immigrants and their children), while overlooking the effect of an immigrant presence on the third-plus generation (U.S.-born individuals of U.S.-born parents), especially its white members. We depart from this approach by placing third-plus-generation individuals at center stage to examine how they adjust to norms defined by the immigrant-origin population. We draw on fieldwork in Cupertino, California, a high-skilled immigrant gateway, where an Asian immigrant-origin population has established and enforces an amplified version of high-achievement norms. The resulting ethnoracial encoding of academic achievement constructs whiteness as having lesser-than status. Asianness stands for high-achievement, hard work, and success; whiteness, in contrast, represents low-achievement, laziness, and academic mediocrity. We argue that immigrants can serve as a foil against which the meaning and status of an ethnoracial category is recast, upending how the category is deployed in daily life. Our findings call into question the position that treats the third-plus generation, especially whites, as the benchmark population that sets achievement norms and to which all other populations adjust.

European Welfare States and Immigrant Incorporation Strategies

European policymakers have put a premium on immigrant incorporation since the mid-1970s, when oil shocks preceded rapid economic deterioration in countries that had been importing foreign labour. Governments in all of the receiving countries prohibited additional immigration and announced that their task would thereafter be to incorporate their immigrant-origin residents. Since then, the broader institutions and policies associated with national welfare states — including the subset of them more directly aimed at fitting immigrants into host-society economic, social, and political life — have helped determine immigrant-origin populations’ participation in host-society institutions. While commonly constructed typologies of national welfare states and incorporation regimes have serious shortcomings, the (non-)policies associated with those states and regimes have also moulded ethnic and other identities, influencing whether social control is loosened and conflict sparked. The ongoing restructuring of the welfare state and the transformation of migration into a contentious fixture of socioeconomic reality, therefore, are heavily intertwined developments in contemporary European politics.

Mexican Americans as a paradigm for contemporary intra-group heterogeneity

Racialization and assimilation offer alternative perspectives on the position of immigrant-origin populations in American society. We question the adequacy of either perspective alone in the early twenty-first century, taking Mexican Americans as our case in point. Re-analysing the child sample of the Mexican American Study Project, we uncover substantial heterogeneity marked by vulnerability to racialization at one end but proximity to the mainstream at the other. This heterogeneity reflects important variations in how education, intermarriage, mixed ancestry and geographic mobility have intersected for Mexican immigrants and their descendants over the twentieth century, and in turn shaped their ethnic identity. Finally, based on US census findings, we give reason to think that internal heterogeneity is increasing in the twenty-first century. Together, these findings suggest that future studies of immigrant adaptation in America must do a better job of accounting for heterogeneity, not just between but also within immigrant-origin populations.

Identity politics in the autobiographical novel: A comparative study of Mexican-Americans and Franco-Maghrebis

ABSTRACT Since the advent of globalization, international migration has increased dramatically, leading to the rise of substantial second-generation populations of immigrant origin around the globe. France and the United States are two major immigrant-receiving countries which, since the 1970s and 1980s, have experienced movements of ethnic resurgence, causing these populations to face the profound impact of identity politics. Autobiographical literature, along with cinema, art, and music, has arisen as a reflection of the struggles faced by these groups. This article examines the socio-historical context of identity construction in Mexican-Americans and Franco-Maghrebis through the lens of autobiographical literature, particularly the works of Jimmy Santiago Baca, Sandra Cisneros, Azouz Begag, and Farida Belghoul.

Religious diversity beyond the cosmopolis: Immigration and the religious field in the City of Turku, Finland

International migration has fundamentally changed local population demographics in many corners of the world. This article discusses the religious implications of an increase in the population of immigrant origin in the city of Turku, Finland, which serves as an example of a regional immigration centre. Migration started at the turn of the 1990s and by 2006, about 9% of the city's population were first and second generation migrants with backgrounds mainly in Europe and Asia. The main countries of origin are Russia, Iraq, former Yugoslavia and Estonia. The migrants have brought increasing religious diversity to the local religious fields, including internal diversification of membership in many Christian churches (Lutheran, Protestant free church, Orthodox and Catholic), and have founded new Muslim, Buddhist and Mandaean congregations. This article argues that the founding of religious organisations is a main form of structural adaptation to the local social context. In addition, there is a discussion of religious activities and transnational connections in relation to immigration, as well as, the local, national and transnational implications of increasing globality.

School and Diversity in a Weak State: The Portuguese Case

Portugal is now host to an increasing number of migrant individuals and families. However, the education system is finding it hard to build the capacity required to accommodate the diversity stemming from the mass attendance in school of the migrants’ children. This article begins with an analysis of selected indicators of school performance; this shows that the probability of having bad results is higher if individuals are of low socio-economic status and have an immigrant background. In this sense, the role of schools in promoting the integration of immigrant-origin populations can be called into question. Furthermore, the incapacity of the school system to reduce the educational disadvantages of immigrants’ children, notably those from post-colonial countries, can be viewed as the sign of a weak state. To understand how different family origins may relate to particular patterns of school performance, the article then analyses the results of a survey carried out in state schools in the municipality of Oeiras, in the Portuguese capital city of Lisbon. The ‘segmented assimilation’ hypothesis is a fruitful framework through which to understand and explain the diversity of school performance. However, a gendered dimension is also important and requires further investigation.