Population Need Research Articles

Digital Health Innovations for Screening and Mitigating Mental Health Impacts of Adverse Childhood Experiences: Narrative Review.

Exposures to both negative and positive experiences in childhood have proven to influence cardiovascular, immune, metabolic, and neurologic function throughout an individual's life. As such, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) could have severe consequences on health and well-being into adulthood. This study presents a narrative review of the use of digital health technologies (DHTs) and artificial intelligence to screen and mitigate risks and mental health consequences associated with ACEs among children and youth. Several databases were searched for studies published from August 2017 to August 2022. Selected studies (1) explored the relationship between digital health interventions and mitigation of negative health outcomes associated with mental health in childhood and adolescence and (2) examined prevention of ACE occurrence associated with mental illness in childhood and adolescence. A total of 18 search papers were selected, according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, to evaluate and identify means by which existing digital solutions may be useful in mitigating the mental health consequences associated with the occurrence of ACEs in childhood and adolescence and preventing ACE occurrence due to mental health consequences. We also highlighted a few knowledge gaps or barriers to DHT implementation and usability. Findings from the search suggest that the incorporation of DHTs, if implemented successfully, has the potential to improve the quality of related care provisions for the management of mental health consequences of adverse or traumatic events in childhood, including posttraumatic stress disorder, suicidal behavior or ideation, anxiety or depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The use of DHTs, machine learning tools, natural learning processing, and artificial intelligence can positively help in mitigating ACEs and associated risk factors. Under proper legal regulations, security, privacy, and confidentiality assurances, digital technologies could also assist in promoting positive childhood experiences in children and young adults, bolstering resilience, and providing reliable public health resources to serve populations in need.

Making room for everyone

Over the past decade, Waterloo Region has experienced significant population growth and a resulting wave of housing construction, but house prices and rents have continued to rise. To tackle the broader housing crisis affecting Ontario and Canada, calls for increased housing construction have grown, but advocates often emphasize quantities of homes needed without considering housing type or household composition of populations in need. We analyze publicly available data to compare temporal and spatial trends in housing construction and population growth across Waterloo Region. We also assess housing indicators across household types and various socio-economic indicators to highlight groups deserving greater attention in community planning efforts. Based on our findings, we advocate including equity-based analysis in future housing and land needs assessments. We further discuss the potential for “missing middle” housing to address a wider variety of household needs and propose options for municipalities looking to support greater housing diversity.

Students’ Perception of Their Self-Efficacy by Being a “Hey Peer Educator” in Drug Abuse Prevention

Background: Peer education programs provided in schools are one method to help prevent drug abuse; however, the effectiveness of these programs relies, in part, on their delivery to the population in need. Therefore, the effectiveness of the program relies on the self-efficacy of peer educators. The peer education program helps students to practice their skills as peer educators in avoiding drug abuse. Aims: This study aimed to explore the students’ self-efficacy as peer educators after being a peer educator in the peer education program. Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 45 student peer educators in Middle schools located in Surabaya, Indonesia. Results: Adolescents who acted as student peers perceived and experienced an improvement in their knowledge and ability to help their peers avoid drug abuse. Conclusion: The peer education program is perceived to improve students’ self-efficacy in counseling tasks, to learn analytical skills, and to maintain positive behavior.

Managing Change in Healthcare Systems Policy and Healthcare Service Delivery System in India

Health is not just the absence of disease; it is a state of total physical, mental, and social well-being." The purposeful arrangement of individuals, organizations, and resources that provides healthcare services to the target population in need is known as the healthcare system. Around the world, there are as many different types of healthcare systems as there are civilizations, cultures, societies, and histories. This implies that a country must create its own healthcare system based on its requirements and available resources. An examination of the Indian health sector reveals the labour, difficulties, supply, demand, and necessary future research. In addition to the excellent work that is readily apparent, there are other areas that require development and attention. It is imperative that research of this kind be conducted to address the uncharted territory. The goal of this study is to examine potential workable remedies for the health-related problems. Additionally, the study attempts to solve the issues and create some framework for the health care system.

Defining and quantifying population-level need for children’s palliative care: findings from a rapid scoping review

BackgroundThe number of children who require palliative care has been estimated to be as high as 21 million globally. Delivering effective children’s palliative care (CPC) services requires accurate population-level information on current and future CPC need, but quantifying need is hampered by challenges in defining the population in need, and by limited available data. The objective of this paper is to summarise how population-level CPC need is defined, and quantified, in the literature.MethodsScoping review performed in line with Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Six online databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science), and grey literature, were searched. Inclusion criteria: literature published in English; 2008–2023 (Oct); including children aged 0–19 years; focused on defining and/or quantifying population-level need for palliative care.ResultsThree thousand five hundred seventy-eight titles and abstracts initially reviewed, of which, 176 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility. Overall, 51 met the inclusion criteria for this scoping review. No universal agreement identified on how CPC need was defined in population-level policy and planning discussions. In practice, four key definitions of CPC need were found to be commonly applied in quantifying population-level need: (1) ACT/RCPCH (Association for Children with Life-Threatening or Terminal Conditions and their Families, and the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health) groups; (2) The ‘Directory’ of Life-Limiting Conditions; (3) ‘List of Life-Limiting Conditions’; and (4) ‘Complex Chronic Conditions’. In most cases, variations in data availability drove the methods used to quantify population-level CPC need and only a small proportion of articles incorporated measures of complexity of CPC need.ConclusionOverall, greater consistency in how CPC need is defined for policy and planning at a population-level is important, but with sufficient flexibility to allow for regional variations in epidemiology, demographics, and service availability. Improvements in routine data collection of a wide range of care complexity factors could facilitate estimation of population-level CPC need and ensure greater alignment with how need for CPC is defined at the individual-level in the clinical setting.

Durable ventricular assist devices for patients with advanced heart failure: the New Zealand experience.

The prevalence of heart failure in New Zealand is increasing. A small number of select patients with predicted poor short-term survival are candidates for advanced heart failure therapies such as transplantation and durable mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The aim of our study was to introduce left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) to the wider clinicians and highlight their role in managing patients with advanced heart failure in New Zealand. A retrospective audit of all ventricular assist device (VAD) recipients from January 2005 to December 2022 was conducted. Data were collated using electronic medical and paper records. The primary outcome was survival to transplantation or successful explant of VAD. Thirty-nine patients received VADs; 32 were male and seven female. Mean age was 45 years (range 10-64 years). Most recipients were NZ European (25), six were Māori, four were Pacific peoples and four were of other ethnicities. The majority of LVADs were implanted for those with dilated cardiomyopathy (67%). At the time of data collection, 24 (62%) had survived to heart transplantation, seven (18%) died while on VAD support, five from right ventricular failure and two from strokes, one patient had their VAD explanted due to recovery and seven (18%) VAD recipients continue on support awaiting transplant. This audit has provided an opportunity to inform New Zealand clinicians of our durable MCS programme and the expanding role of VAD support in patients with advanced heart failure. The programme will need to continue to audit and report its practice in order to provide equitable allocation of this very limited resource to a growing population in need.

Population-Level Surveillance of Domestic Assaults in the Home Using the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS)

Violence in the home, including partner violence, child abuse, and elder abuse, is pervasive in the United States. An informatics approach allowing automated analysis of administrative data to identify domestic assaults and release timely and localized data would assist preventionists to identify geographic and demographic populations of need and design tailored interventions. This study examines the use of an established national dataset, the NEMSIS 2019, as a potential annual automated data source for domestic assault surveillance. An algorithm was used to identify individuals who utilized emergency medical services (EMS) for a physical assault in a private residence (N = 176,931). Descriptive analyses were conducted to define the identified population and disposition of patients. A logistic regression was performed to predict which characteristics were associated with consistent domestic assault identification by the on-scene EMS clinician and dispatcher. The sample was majority female (52.2%), White (44.7%), urban (85.5%), and 21–29 years old (24.4%). A disproportionate number of those found dead on scene were men (74.5%), and female patients more often refused treatment (57.8%) or were treated and then released against medical advice (58.4%). Domestic assaults against children and seniors had higher odds of being consistently identified by both the dispatcher and EMS clinician than those 21–49, and women had lower odds of consistent identification than men. While a more specific field to identify the type of domestic assault (e.g., intimate partner) would help inform specialized intervention planning, these data indicate an opportunity to systematically track domestic assaults in communities and describe population-specific needs.

Engineered Nanoporous Frameworks for Adsorption Cooling Applications.

The energy demand for traditional vapor-compressed technology for space cooling continues to soar year after year due to global warming and the increasing human population's need to improve living and working conditions. Thus, there is a growing demand for eco-friendly technologies that use sustainable or waste energy resources. This review discusses the properties of various refrigerants used for adsorption cooling applications followed by a brief discussion on the thermodynamic cycle. Next, sorbents traditionally used for cooling are reviewed to emphasize the need for advanced capture materials with superior properties to improve refrigerant sorption. The remainder of the review focus on studies using engineered nanoporous frameworks (ENFs) with various refrigerants for adsorption cooling applications. The effects of the various factors that play a role in ENF-refrigerant pair selection, including pore structure/dimension/shape, morphology, open-metal sites, pore chemistry and possible presence of defects, are reviewed. Next, in-depth insights into the sorbent-refrigerant interaction, and pore filling mechanism gained through a combination of characterization techniques and computational modeling are discussed. Finally, we outline the challenges and opportunities related to using ENFs for adsorption cooling applications and provide our views on the future of this technology.

A Systematic Review of Technology Innovations in Housing Management in Scotland

The global housing management sector is being transformed by digital innovations, especially those introduced by property technology start-ups, or PropTech. These entities are reshaping the dynamics between property owners, tenants, and housing management processes. As scholarly literature expands on this subject, our study focuses on assessing the impact of such digital interventions on housing management in Scotland. This systematic review of 10 scholarly articles (2018–2022) on this subject revealed three dominant themes: automation, digitization management, and brokerage-based functions. These findings indicate a shift from conventional housing management practices, significantly influenced by PropTech advancements. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and IT designers, guiding them to identify populations in need and create user-centric applications, hence contributing to the evolving landscape of Scotland’s housing market.

Pengaruh Penyaluran Zakat Oleh Baznas Terhadap Jumlah Mustahik Miskin Di Kota Jambi Periode 2014-2018

The purpose of this study was to determine how the development of zakat distribution in BAZNAS and the number of poor mustahik in Jambi city during 2014-2018 and how the influence of zakat distribution by BAZNAS on the number of poor mustahik in Jambi City during 2014-2018. The method used in this research is In this study the authors conducted research with qualitative methods. Qualitative method is a research approach used to understand social phenomena or human behavior from an in-depth and complex perspective. In contrast to quantitative methods that focus more on measuring numbers and statistics, qualitative methods emphasize the collection and analysis of data that is descriptive, contextual, and interpretative. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the receipt and distribution of zakat funds by BAZNAS Jambi City from 2014 to 2018. This shows the efforts of the Jambi City government in increasing the distribution of zakat funds as a way to overcome poverty. The number of poor mustahik who receive zakat from BAZNAS Jambi City has also increased significantly every year. This shows that the increase in the distribution of zakat funds has succeeded in reaching the target population in need.

Efficiency of the Sprinkling Irrigation Method for Irrigation Of Soybean And Cauliflower

In order to reduce the population's need for food and rational use of water resources in the conditions of typical irrigated gray soils Tashkent region, the sprinkling irrigation method was used for soybean crops "Nafis" and cauliflower "Raskot", while taking into account the volumetric mass of the soil, soil porosity, soil permeability. This is explained by the fact that the timing of irrigation, given to crops, irrigation rates, seasonal irrigation rates, the impact on growth, the development and productivity of plants are described

Spring Water Catchment Building and Water Distribution System for Domestic Needs

The population growth implies that the population's need for clean water tend to increase. Clean water availability is not optimal due to geographical factors and discharge reductions during dry season. This research was conducted to design spring water catchment building and water distribution system at Kalikajar Village, Wonosobo. The population data, water demand, and spring discharge were utilized in this research. The population growth was calculated with arithmetic, geometric, exponential, and logistic method. Then water demand was calculated based on SNI 19-6728.1-2002. The population growth which predictably reaches 5328 people in 2050 will result in increasing clean water demand by 9.68% with domestic water demand of 4.63 L/s. The spring discharge measured at the research location showed an average of 10.80 L/s. Therefore, the spring discharge is able to meet the population needs in the projected year. The spring catchment building was designed with Type B, while three reservoir were designed with the capacity of 7 m3 each. The water distribution is designed with gravity system because the elevation difference between the spring and the village is more than 10 m. The PVC pipeline used diameter of 100 – 150 mm, with total length of 11843 m. The design meets the calculated requirement and could be implemented. Keywords: Distribution system, Reservoir, Spring water, Hilly areas, Water consumption

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of self-medication among the geriatric population of the Wardha district in central India: A cross-sectional study

Background The incidence of self-medication varies greatly for each country. It is a widely used method across advanced and developing nations worldwide. Self-medication is taking pharmaceuticals without seeking physician advice for a diagnosis or treatment. This study will evaluate geriatrics’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding self-medication. The objectives of the current study are to examine the practice of self-medication and assess the knowledge and attitude toward the same in the senior population, as well as the socio-demographic aspects influencing its usage and the reasons for its use. We also aim to test the correlation between demographic issues and self-medication. Methods A cross-sectional study will be conducted in the rural community area of the Wardha district. A survey will be used to evaluate the entire sample of geriatric age groups to determine the socio-demographic characteristics and associated risk factors for practicing self-medication. A semi-structured, pre-validated questionnaire Self-Medication Scale (SMS) will be used to understand the participants’ practice and attitudes regarding self-medication. The frequency and percentages of descriptive statistics will be determined. The correlation among variables will be discovered using the Chi-Square Test. Tables, graphs, and charts will present the data analysed. Study implications The present study will help formulate guidelines on medicine access and reinforce them with strong policy implementation mechanisms. The study will also help provide medical insurance or free consultations for populations in need.

Configurations and features of demand responsive transports

The concept of Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) has been around for more than 40 years and is a promising mobility alternative when traditional public transport proves inadequate in terms of its effectiveness or efficiency, as is the case of low-density areas. DRT systems have a wide range of operational configurations, being highly adaptable to different contexts and environments. Therefore, the design of a DRT mobility solution can become a quite complex and challenging problem. To assist in the design of DRTs, this paper aims to present a comprehensive classification of DRT features and to identify some common design choices in different operational scenarios. The proposed classification is based on a review of reports from available literature and previous European DRT projects. In addition, an analysis of the most usual configurations for different purposes and scenarios is presented. In this research, the operational, demand, and administrative characteristics of DRTs are addressed. Demand aspects encompass features that directly influence trip demand, such as service areas, target passengers, and hours of operation. Operational features include characteristics that will affect daily operations as the type of stops, frequency of the operation, booking methodology, vehicle route, pick-up and drop-off locations, and the vehicle type used. Administrative characteristics address the relationship between consumers and the system, such as the purpose of the system, fares, visual identification of stops, and booking methods. Regarding the usual design choices, our survey shows that rural DRTs are primarily oriented to serve populations in need in low-density areas and to complement existing PT gaps, while urban DRTs are mainly viewed as a mobility alternative to fill existing PT gaps. Defining design patterns for peri-urban and multi-area DRTs presents challenges due to their transitional nature, thus combining attributes of both rural and urban systems.

Generating Political Priority for the Health Needs of the 21st Century: A Qualitative Policy Analysis on the Prioritization of Rehabilitation Services in Uganda.

Few low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) have prioritized the expansion of rehabilitation services. Existing scholarship has identified that problem definition, governance, and structural factors are influential in the prioritization of rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to identify the factors influencing the prioritization and implementation of rehabilitation services in Uganda. A case study design was utilized. The Prioritization of Rehabilitation in National Health Systems framework guided the study. Data sources included 33 key informant interviews (KIIs) with governmental and non-governmental stakeholders and peer-reviewed and grey literature on rehabilitation in Uganda. A thematic content analysis and concept map were conducted to analyze the data. Rehabilitation is an unfunded priority in Uganda, garnering political attention but failing to receive adequate financial or human resource allocation. The national legacy of rehabilitation as a social program, instead of a health program, has influenced its present-day prioritization trajectory. These include a fragmented governance system, a weak advocacy coalition without a unified objective or champion, and a lack of integration into existing health systems structures that makes it challenging to scale-up service provision. Our findings highlight the interactive influences of structural, governance, and framing factors on prioritization and the importance of historical context in understanding both prioritization and implementation. Our findings demonstrate challenges in prioritizing emerging, multi-sectoral health areas like rehabilitation. Strategic considerations for elevating rehabilitation on Uganda's policy agenda include generating credible indicators to quantify the nature and extent of the population's need and uniting governmental and non-governmental actors around a common vision for rehabilitation's expansion. We present opportunities for strengthening rehabilitation, both in Uganda and in similar contexts grappling with many health sector priorities and limited resources.

Urban identity and planning: a conceptual study on identity of urban, identity in urban, and identity for urban

Urban identity is gaining increasing attention across different research disciplines. However, there is no consensus as to how this concept can be integrated into planning theory, because every discipline has diverse concepts of urban identity, which are often included in planning theory without clarity. For example, environmental psychology literature and the social sciences have defined urban identity as human or social identity, while architecture and urban design characterize it as the urban/city or architectural identity. Therefore, this paper provides a conceptual framework for applying urban identity in planning theory and practice. This paper used the literature review method by synthesizing several relevant and reliable sources, particularly in planning, architecture, environmental psychology, social science, and geography. The result is an explanation of three concepts of urban identity, which are the ?identity of urban,? ?identity in urban,? and ?identity for urban?. The identity of urban helps planners to design functional and characteristic cities. Meanwhile, identity in urban helps planners to achieve the humanist aspect of a city and social justice; and identity for urban helps planners to advance a city?s economy and attract investors and tourists. These concepts are interrelated and can be integrated to support the sustainability of cities and their citizens, by achieving harmony between the population's need for orientation and identification, the function and aesthetics of the city, and the city?s attractiveness to visitors.

Розвиток кредитно-банківської мережі у містах Харківської губернії в другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст.

This article examines the reasons for the establishment and development of credit and banking institutions in the cities of Kharkiv province as part of the economy of the Ukrainian city during the 19th – early 20th centuries. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of credit and banking institutions on the economic and social development of the cities in the Kharkiv province during the 19th – early 20th centuries, as well as on the development of urban infrastructure. The research methods in the article were selected in accordance with the purpose and based on the principle of historicism. They are represented by a general scientific method of analysis and special scientific historical-comparative and historical-genetic methods. The application of these methods allowed us to consistently trace the process of formation and development of historical knowledge on the issues under study. Scientific novelty. The network of banks and small credit institutions of the cities of the Kharkiv province in this period was reconstructed. Conclusions. The formation of the credit and banking network was associated primarily with the development of cities. It was not until the last third of the nineteenth century that credit and banking institutions were beginning to play a significant role in urban life. The emergence of banks and small credit institutions took place primarily in cities, where reliable lending was needed by merchants and industrialists, as well as a certain part of the traders and craftsmen. However, the population's need for affordable small loans was not addressed. A number of tasks that require further research of scientists from different countries have been identified.

Carrying Capacity of Education Facilities in Banawa Sub-District, Central Sulawesi Province

Education is a basic human need with the aim of achieving high productivity. The results of field surveys in Banawa Regency show that the availability of educational facilities to meet educational needs, based on population projections in 2044, has not yet reached the optimal level. Therefore, careful planning is needed in improving and placing educational facilities. This research aims to evaluate the availability of educational facilities according to the needs of the population, by applying an analysis of the carrying capacity of facilities based on public service standards regulated in SNI 03-1733-2004 concerning urban area planning. The methodology used involves analysis of the carrying capacity of facilities to determine the population's need for educational facilities, population projections using geometric formulas to calculate the expected number of residents in the projected year, as well as spatial analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS) software to assess the distribution of facilities. education in Banawa District. The findings from this research indicate that currently there are 82 units of educational facilities in Banawa District, consisting of 39 PAUD units, 31 elementary school units, 8 junior high school units, and 4 high school units. However, additional educational facilities are needed by 7 PAUD units, 5 elementary school units, 4 junior high school units and 8 high school units in Banawa District.Keywords: Education, Facilities, Carrying Capacity, Banawa

The problems of financing of palliative care and long-term care in the Russian Federation

The article considers problems of financing of palliative care and long-term care in the Russian Federation. The pattern of growth in population's need in care and provision of out-patient and medical services related with demographic changes was revealed. The main problems of accessibility of long-term care associated with reduction of the number of in-patient facilities and unresolved issue of sustainable source of financing for this type of services are demonstrated. The problem of accessibility of palliative care was elaborated. The common problem for two types of medical social services is lacking of integrated management center at the Federal level. The regulation of long-term care is assigned to the Mintrud of Russia and provision of palliative care is assigned to the Minzdrav of Russia that affects effectiveness of management and is expressed in duplication of functions, development of different approaches to determine funding channels.

Light and equity: The projections of bringing light to populations in need across Brazil

Light and equity: The projections of bringing light to populations in need across Brazil