Population Size Of Settlements Research Articles

The Network of Rural Settlements of the Tomsk District in the 1920s: Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics

The paper presents the characteristics of the rural settlement network of the Tomsk District of the Siberian Territory, which existed in 1925–1930 as an independent administrative-territorial unit formed from the territories of the former Tomsk and part of the Mariinsky uezds, as well as five districts of the Narym Region of the Tomsk province. For the first time, data on the number, typology, and size of rural settlements of the district by the number of yards and the number of inhabitants in the 1920s are presented. The dvornost’ and population size of settlements of different statuses are analyzed, the average size of a peasant yard is determined depending on the type of settlement by the number of persons living in it. The obtained statistical data on the state of the network of rural settlements of the Tomsk district are compared with similar indicators of the pre-revolutionary period. The conclusion is made about quantitative and qualitative changes in the development of the rural settlements network of the district in the first years of Soviet power, expressed in the appearance in the typical structure of settlements with a new status — communes, state farms, agricultural artels, experimental fields, as well as in an increase in the share of hutor, vyselki, zaimka in the total number of rural settlements. The influence of socio-economic modernization on the network of settlements, an increase in the number of new types of settlements along the Trans-Siberian railway (stations, booths, barracks, sidings) is traced. There was a reduction in the size of farmsteads in rural areas, an increase in the density of the settlement network due to the spread of individual land management in the form of farms.

Regional Information Flows: Existing and New Approaches to Geographical Study

The global experience of geographical study of information flows is reviewed for the first time based on journal papers and monographs published in 1988–2017. It is established that the issue is understudied, subject to a shift from understanding the relevance of such studies to attempts to measure and structure information flows. The key areas of geographic study are identified: flows without channels and traffic, channels without traffic, traffic without channels, and flows with channels and traffic. No publication has been retrieved for the fourth area, which is most important for regional studies. Three new approaches are proposed in the framework of next-generation communication network studies and in line with the fourth area: uplink–downlink traffic distribution, redistribution of traffic inside a region proportionally to the population size of settlements, and the definition of potential of mobile communication field. The new approaches are tested with a case study of Russia’s Irkutsk oblast.

Commuting in the settlement system of Serbia

Territorial organization of settlement system is the framework for internal migration flows. The purpose of this paper is to consider the relation between commuting and the settlement structure. Commuting patterns and characteristics of commuters in Serbia are relatively unknown and insufficiently researched, and as such, can not be adequately used in creation of development strategies and public policies which would include commuters' issues. It has been emphasized the importance of research of commuting ties between different settlements and also pointed out in which way commuting flows could be researched and analyzed by using existing sources, due to better understanding of connections between migrations and settlements. Commuting patterns of workers in Serbia and interrelations between the scope and the structure of commuting flows, as well as the type and population size of settlements in Serbia have been examined. Apart from territorial dimension of commuting phenomenon, socio-economic component of commuting population has also been considered. The use of costumised tabulations from 2002 Census have enabled us to examine all types of commuting and emphasise dominant directions of commuting flows of economically active population according to gender, level of education and sector of economic activity, within the settlement hierarchy. Workers have been classified into seven groups according to place of residence and place of work. The findings reveal there is a clear connection between the hierarchy structure and commuting patterns in Serbia. Further, we find some evidence that only 9,5% of workers - commuters have been working in the settlement of the same population size and type such as their residing settlement. Commuting flows within Serbia?s settlement system point out to certain variations when looking at individual categories of population, but it can be concluded that there is general trend of commuting "upwards" within the hierarchy of settlements.

The relationship between settlement population size and sustainable development measured by two sustainability metrics

This paper reports on a study of the relative sustainability of 79 Irish villages, towns and a small city (collectively called ‘settlements’) classified by population size. Quantitative data on more than 300 economic, social and environmental attributes of each settlement were assembled into a database. Two aggregated metrics were selected to model the relative sustainability of settlements: Ecological Footprint (EF) and Sustainable Development Index (SDI). Subsequently these were aggregated to create a single Combined Sustainable Development Index. Creation of this database meant that metric calculations did not rely on proxies, and were therefore considered to be robust. Methods employed provided values for indicators at various stages of the aggregation process. This allowed both the first reported empirical analysis of the relationship between settlement sustainability and population size, and the elucidation of information provided at different stages of aggregation. At the highest level of aggregation, settlement sustainability increased with population size, but important differences amongst individual settlements were masked by aggregation. EF and SDI metrics ranked settlements in differing orders of relative sustainability. Aggregation of indicators to provide Ecological Footprint values was found to be especially problematic, and this metric was inadequately sensitive to distinguish amongst the relative sustainability achieved by all settlements. Many authors have argued that, for policy makers to be able to inform planning decisions using sustainability indicators, it is necessary that they adopt a toolkit of aggregated indicators. Here it is argued that to interpret correctly each aggregated metric value, policy makers also require a hierarchy of disaggregated component indicator values, each explained fully. Possible implications for urban planning are briefly reviewed.

Population, deforestation and biodiversity erosion in the context of rural agricultural expansion in South Eastern Nigeria

This study attempts to model the relationship between macro demographic factors at the aggregate village level data and the various indices of deforestation arising from rural agricultural expansion. In a multiple regression analysis of five (5) macro demographic (Causative) variables modelled against eleven (11) indices of deforestation (explanatory variables); the demographic factors critical to explaining variations in the various indices of deforestation were delineated. The population size of settlements, farm space density, and the size of households were identified to influence to various degrees, variations in deforestation indictors. The magnitudes of these effects were however, low, evident by low elasticities between population and deforestation variables. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences Vol. 2(2) 2004: 91-107

The Relationship between Urban-Rural Water Vapor Pressure Differences and the Population Sizes of Settlements in Saku, Nagano, Japan

This paper presents the relationship between urban-rural vapor pressure differences and population size for six settlements in Saku, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, from April 1998 to March 1999. Data were collected using a circuit-type, automobile-based travel method. The water vapor pressure in urban areas was less than that in rural areas almost year-round. The mean value of urban-rural vapor pressure differences was -1.4 hPa on fine days, which was twice larger than values for cloudy and fine nights. The regression line of mean urban-rural vapor pressure differences to settlement population size for cloudy nights was similar to that for fine nights. The mean value of the urban-rural water vapor pressure difference in summer was -1.7 hPa, a value nearly twice that in winter. Mean urban-rural water vapor pressure differences for fine days, fine nights, and cloudy nights related to the logarithm of the settlement population size. Regression line slopes for cloudy and fine nights showed no differences. However, the slope for fine days was twice that of fine and cloudy nights. Finally, the relationship between the annual maximum urban-rural water vapor pressure difference and the logarithm of population size was remarkably steady with R2 > 0.77.

From mess to matrix and beyond: estimating the size of settlements in the Ptolemaic Fayum/Egypt

This article seeks to introduce a new methodological approach to estimate population size of settlements in the Graeco-Roman Fayum/Egypt (330 BC–400 AD). The aim is to represent and analyse the relationship of settlements and the facilities they provide. We suggest turning the information commonly contained in traditional site gazetteers into presence–absence matrices of selected facilities. We then use these facility matrices to estimate the size of ancient settlements through linear regression. The equation is initially tested on medieval settlements in Norwich and East Anglia (England) and later applied to a settlement-facility matrix for the Ptolemaic period (330–30 BC). The results from the medieval data show the validity of the approach with a complete data set. The circumstance that the Ptolemaic data is fragmented and incomplete naturally adds a small, but acceptable error to the estimates.

A kulturális innováció területi terjedése

The paper contains the results of a study on the spatial diffusion of a Hungarian popular professional magazine the Heti Vilaggazdasag or HVG (World Economical Weekly) which is published in Budapest from 1978. The findings can be summarized in the light of relevant literature as follows: The spatial expansion of subscriptions is influenced, though not definitely determined, by the distance of subscribers' homes from the capital. The so-called regional intellectual centres may counterbalance, or at least lessen, the effect of remoteness from Budapest but their absence virtually multiplies it. The 19 counties of Hungary were grouped — on the basis of their initial subscription rates and subscription dynamics — into four classes: the first class demonstrated a slow development from a low level of subscription rate; the second moved from a low level upwards at a rapid pace; the third class of counties shifted from a high level with little dynamics; and finally the fourth group displayed high levels of both subscription rate and dynamics. The initial subscription rate was found to be influenced significantly by the population size of settlements (and other, yet undisclosed, social factors) while its dynamics could be related t the 'irradiation' effect of intellectual centres: either the vicinity of the capital or the accessibility of a regional centre. Certain extreme cases like the high initial subscription rates in Csongrad county leven without the regional centre Szeged) or the rapid diffusion of subscriptions in the villages of Tolna county need further thorough investigations. It was apparently possible to identify some 'innovation centres' within Hungary on the basis of the spatial extent and the diffusion dynamics of subscriptions. Areas which were left out of this innovation process could also be identified. Such areas were found in the regions of small villages within South-Transdanubia, firstly in Baranya county as well as in North-Transdanubia, around Papa. In North-Hungary, the settlements of Abauj and Zemplen while in the eastern end the villages of Szatmar seem to be in a similar situation. Further in-depth research is therefore thought to be required into the backwardness in North-Transdanubia and into the 'innovation centres' in South-Alfold. Similarly, it is necessary to call the attention to certain 'secondary' regions which are important in the transmission of innovation e.g. Tab and its environs in Somogy county or Tolna county which was already mentioned for the rapid innovation diffusion there.