Population Of Socioeconomic Level Research Articles

Phenotypic Characterization of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in a Population from the Ecuadorian Andes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Diagnosis is based on the evidence-based international guideline 2018 and the Rotterdam Consensus to classify PCOS phenotypes. This study aims to characterize the biodemographic, clinical, metabolic, and reproductive variables and their relationship with PCOS phenotypes in a population from the Ecuadorian Andes. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-random consecutive sample of 92 women who attended the outpatient gynecology and endocrinology clinic at the Hospital of the Technical University of Loja (UTPL)-Santa Inés, Loja, Ecuador, between January 2022 and July 2023. Descriptive statistics, mean calculations, standard deviation, parametric and nonparametric tests, odds ratios (OR), confidence intervals (CI), and p-values were employed. Results: The average age was 22 ± 3.4 years, with a predominantly mestizo, urban, single, highly educated, and medium-high socioeconomic level population. It was identified that phenotypes A + B are at a higher risk of developing oligomenorrhea and hypertriglyceridemia compared to phenotypes C + D, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in terms of reproductive variables, phenotypes A + B exhibit a significantly higher frequency of elevated anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) compared to phenotypes C + D, also with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The classical phenotypes A and B of PCOS are the most common in Ecuadorian Andean women and carry a higher risk of insulin resistance, anovulation, metabolic disorders, and elevated triglyceride levels compared to phenotypes C and D. Ethnic diversity and sociocultural habits influence the prevalence and clinical manifestations of these phenotypes.

Periodontal health of a low socioeconomic level population in Yucatan (Mexico): A cross-sectional study.

With the objective of assessing the periodontal health status, treatment needs, and oral hygiene habits of the population of Mérida, in Mexico, a descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Four hundred forty individuals individually completed a questionnaire on oral health, oral hygiene habits, and quality of life. Additionally, a complete clinical dental examination was performed for each. For the statistical analysis, continuous variables (means and standard deviation) and categorical variables (frequencies) were studied. The associations were made using the analysis of variance test for continuous variables and the Chi-square test for categorical variables. The critical value to identify statistically significant differences was P < .05. The main concern of the population was the possible untreated caries they thought they had, with 36.21% followed by pain with 14.62%. Possible periodontal issues were the main discomfort for only 9%. The percentage of the sample that required periodontal intervention by a specialist was 21.14%. Statistically significant differences were found between age, place of residence, socioeconomic level, and schooling. There are great deficiencies in oral health in the studied group, which is accompanied by a great need for periodontal treatment. Periodontal health is closely related to oral hygiene, so the related sociocultural level should also be taken into account for the study of oral health in the most vulnerable populations. It is crucial to establish strategies to promote oral health.

Hematological Characteristics During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in a Population of Low and High Socio-Economic Levels in Lubumbashi

Background: During pregnancy, many hematologic changes occur to meet the demands of the developing fetus. The objective of this study was to describe the hematological characteristics in the third trimester in a population of low and high socioeconomic levels in Lubumbashi, in relation to the WHO and China reference values. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out in Lubumbashi, among pregnant women received during the third trimester antenatal consultations in apparent good health. A total of 128 pregnant women with a monofetal pregnancy of at least 27 weeks of amenorrhea in apparent good health were selected and divided into two groups of low and high socioeconomic levels. Blood was drawn and analyzed on the CYANHEMATO machine. Results: Hemoglobin (HB) averages were 9.63 ± 1.52 and 11.19 ± 1.07 g / dl respectively in the low and high socioeconomic levels population. The majority of patients in the two populations were in the reference range for red blood cell (RBC) count from 2.75 to 4.64 1012 / l. The average values of hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in Lubumbashi were lower than in the China population : 28.39 ± 4.21 versus 32.47 ± 3.46% ; 67.34 ± 9.50 versus 74.38 ± 8.15 fl and 22.96 ± 3.56 versus 25.71 ± 3.23 pg for reference values of 36% ; 90.8 fl and 30.5 pg, respectively. As for the red blood cell distribution width (RDW), it was higher in the low socio-economic level population (16.86 ± 3.40%) than in the high socio-economic level population (14.90 ± 2.25%) with a difference highly significant (p &lt;0.0001). Conclusion: The RBC and RDW were significantly increased in Lubumbashi, while HB. HCT, MCV and MCH were decreased. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) did not present any particularity

Inadecuación de micronutrientes en adolescentes y adultos argentinos de población urbana. Resultados del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud (ELANS)

Introduction: knowing the deficiency of micronutrients intake is essential to develop intervention strategies and to evaluate programs aimed at improving nutritional status. Objectives: to determine the consumption and inadequacy of the intake of iron, calcium, zinc, folic acid and vitamins A, B12, C, D and E, in the diet of the Argentine population. Materials and methods: the sample consisted of 1,266 individuals (urban population 15-65 years old), stratified by region, age, sex and socioeconomic level (SEL). Intake data was collected with two 24-hour reminders (R24). Results: the relative risk (RR) of inadequate intake of calcium, folic acid, and vitamin B12 was higher for women. Iron consumption and inadequacy showed significant differences by sex (0.3% men, 11% women). Vitamin D inadequacy was almost 100% for the entire sample. All age groups presented high prevalence of inadequacy in calcium and vitamins C, A and D. Adolescents, adults over 50 years and the low SEL population presented a higher RR of calcium inadequacy (1.18, 1.21 and 1.17, respectively). A significant decrease in the average consumption of calcium (mg) (856.4, 770.5, 745.3), vitamins A (mcg) (643.6, 601.8, 536.2), C (mg) (54.2, 52.3, 44.8) and D (mcg) (3.7, 3.7, 3.2) was observed as the SEL decreased. Calcium inadequacy increased significantly with the body mass index. Conclusions: improving the intake of deficient micronutrients through public policies based on food education and scientific development is a public health priority.

Pain assessment through the brief pain inventory in a low socio-economic level population

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic pain affects thousands of people, changing their functionality and emotional status. The Brief Pain Inventory has not been used in populational studies and may be a relevant tool. This study aimed at characterizing chronic pain sensory aspects and their influence on daily life activities. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional populational study carried out in a Family Health Unit (Salvador/BA/Brazil). Participated in the study 191 individuals aged 20 years or above, with pain for six months or longer. Brief Pain Inventory was used as evaluation tool because it has sensory aspects as predicting variables and reactive aspects as outcome variables. Chi-square test was used for proportional analysis and Spearman correlation test was used for intergroup comparisons. RESULTS: Sample was made up of 86.4% females, single (48.7%), non white (49.7%), low education (46.6%) and low socio-economic level (100.0%). Most participants (46.8%) have reported pain for at least five years, with predominance of knees (46.1%) and lumbar spine (42.4%), being that 77.5% of the population made systematic use of some painkiller. There has been negative correlation between sensory and reactive variables: general activities (p<0.001; r=0.482), mood (p<0.001; r=0.396), walking ability (p<0.001; r=0.318) and working ability (p<0.001; r=0.389). There has been no correlation for the ability of enjoying life (p=0.403; r=0.061). CONCLUSION: In a low socio-economic level population, chronic pain primarily affects knees and lumbar spine with negative interference on general activities, mood, walking and working ability.

ERRATUM - Pain assessment through the brief pain inventory in a low socioeconomic level population

ERRATUM - Pain assessment through the brief pain inventory in a low socioeconomic level population

Influencia del clima familiar y estrés del padre de familia en la salud mental de los niños

Investigaciones realizadas en nuestro país señalan la importancia que tiene la familia como factor de riesgo de la aparición de problemas de desarrollo, sociales, interpersonales, educativos) y emocionales en los niños (Benites 1998). En la actual crisis económica del país, en la población de nivel socioeconómico bajo, el padre de familia (o quien haga las veces del mismo), al cumplir la función de ser el proveedor de los recursos económicos necesarios para la supervivencia familiar, es quien experimenta las condiciones estresantes provenientes de la situación de pobreza, desempleo y marginación social en que se encuentran y en consecuencia quien expresa las reacciones emocionales asociadas frente a esta amenaza: ansiedad y cólera. Así, en estas familias surgirían y se reforzarían diversas formas de mensajes violentos vistos y aceptados como hechos normales, Lamas, 1998). Estas difíciles condiciones de vida afectarían la formación de la personalidad de los niños y adolescentes mermando su desarrollo emocional y social. Pero aún en la población de más escasos recursos se encuentran niños con un desarrollo psicológico adecuado, por ello se rectificó el presente estudio que busca conocer: ¿Que influencia tienen, en la población de extrema pobreza de Lima, el Clima familiar y los acontecimientos estresantes experimentados por el padre de familia en la salud mental de los niños?. Concluyendo que no existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el Tipo de Clima familiar y la salud mental de los niños, sin embargo existe una relación significativa entre los acontecimientos estresantes experimentados por el padre de familia y los problemas de salud mental que presentan sus niños.

Dilemma in Management of Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma, although rare, is the most common intraocular malignancy in children. Early detection plays an important role in the management of retinoblastoma because it greatly affects the prognosis. But unfortunately, this was difficult to done in a developing country with a low socioeconomic level population. This study aims to describe the profile of retinoblastoma in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang, Indonesia from 2003 until 2012 and to shows the relationship between socioeconomic factors with the management of retinoblastoma. Data were obtained from medical records of patients during the period of January 2003 until December 2012 include of age, sex, diagnose, management, ocular presentations, subjected eye, socioeconomic circumstances and patients parent knowledge about retinoblastoma. There were 99 retinoblastoma patients in this period, 56 (56.56%) male patients and 43 (43.44%) female patients. The most common range of age was 3-4 years as many as 40 patients (40.40%). Unilateral involvement present in 76 patients (76.76%) and 23 patients with bilateral involvement (23.24%). Protusio is the most common ocular presentation as much as 65.66% (65 patients). Combination of exenteration and chemotherapy was the most common management which performed on 32 patients (32.32%). The most common reason which caused delayed to seek treatment due to financial problem (42.42%) followed by lack of information about the complication of the disease (35.35%). Both of these factors had become a dilemma and a problem for us because on one hand we are trying to detect the disease as soon as possible while in terms of financial and socioeconomic factors do not support the patient's family.

Unplanned pregnancy and use of contraceptive methods in two different socioeconomic level population

Unplanned pregnancy and use of contraceptive methods in two different socioeconomic level population

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Occurrence in two socioeconomically distinct populations of a developing country.

In São Paulo, Brazil, between November 1980 and July 1982, 1614 newborns of middle socioeconomic background and 1156 newborns of low socioeconomic background were examined for the occurrence of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection by isolation of virus from urine samples or detection of specific anti-CMV IgM in umbilical cord serum tested by immunofluorescence. In the low socioeconomic population prevalence of CMV complement-fixing antibodies in mothers was 84.4%(151/179) and the incidence of congenital infection assessed by virus isolation 0.98% (5/508), as compared with 0.46% (3/648) in the group of newborns tested by detection of specific anti-CMV IgM in umbilical cord-serum. In middle socioeconomic level population prevalence of CMV complement-fixing antibodies in mothers was 66.5% (284/427) and the incidence of CMV congenital infection was 0.39% (2/518) in the group of newborns screened by virus isolation and 0.18% (2/1096) in the group tested by detection of specific anti-CMV IgM. In the present study none of the 12 congenitally infected newborns presented clinical apparent disease at birth.

Epidemiology and socioeconomic aspects of urolithiasis.

This epidemiologic study reveals that the occurrence of urolithiasis in the nineteenth century population in Europe is quite similar to that of the twentieth century in Asia. The analogy is demonstrated for age distribution, stone localization, male/female ratio, and stone composition. The distribution of urolithiasis in a low socioeconomic level population is defined by: highest frequency in childhood, more than 40% bladder stones, less than 20% female patients, less than 40% calcium-oxalate stones, and more than 30% uric acid/urate stones. Typical for a population with a high level these characteristics of urolithiasis are: highest frequency among adults, less than 10% bladder stones, more than 25% female patients, more than 60% calcium oxalate stones, and less than 20% uric acid/urate stones. In partially developed countries those values fall in between.