Population Of Cv Research Articles

The de‐domestication of Ornithopus sativus Brot. to develop cultivars with physical dormancy (hardseed)

AbstractOrnithopus sativus Brot. (French serradella) is a forage legume that is well adapted to acidic coarse textured soils (sands) which are characterized by poor nutrition and an inability to retain water. During the process of domestication of O. sativus, there was an unintentional loss of seed physical dormancy (PY) thus compromising its self‐regeneration after a cropping interval. Through mass screening of seed, we identified for the first time that heritable sources of PY exist in three populations of O. sativus. This rare genetic material was then incorporated into suitable genetic backgrounds of differing maturity through targeted hybridization. We demonstrated that the heritability of PY was dominant in the population of 97ZAF5sat but inconsistently recessive in the population of cv. Emena. Flowering time was variable in each source population, with a large variation in time to emergence of first flowers (95–175 days). Selection for early flowering maturity was heritable and stable. F6 generations selected for PY in different maturity classes were then evaluated in situ to establish whether PY would allow a proportion of seeds to survive in the soil through consecutive seasons exposed to a Mediterranean climate. The breeding lines FHS3, 7 and 23 remained dormant, thus viable, in the soil for up to 3 years, indicating the likelihood that O. sativus with PY could survive and persist in a ley farming system. The de‐domestication program in O. sativus has resulted in commercially successful cultivars (most recently cv. Fran2o) suited to sustainable dryland agriculture in a Mediterranean climate.

Evaluation and characterization of TILLING-based putative mutant populations of papaya cv. Arka Prabhath

Manifestation of virus resistance, shelf-life with dwarf stature are important pre-requisites for successful cultivation of papaya in India as it facilitates improved production, productivity and reduced post-harvest loss. One of the methods to create variability is to use mutagens in selected cultivar of papaya. Accordingly, the TILLING-based mutant populations of papaya cv. Arka Prabhath were generated through irradiation of gamma rays ranging from 50 to 500 Gy dosage. In this experiment, the putative mutant populations were evaluated and characterized based on morphological, fruit quality and physiological parameters. Desirable traits such as early flowering, reduced plant height and bearing height, papaya ring spot virus tolerant plants and fruits with extended shelf life were observed in the mutant population. Early flowering and reduced plant height with wide variation was found at 50 Gy wherein the first flowering was on 57 days with 43 cm of plant height in contrast to 80 days in control plants with 79 cm of plant height. Reduced bearing height (40 cm) was observed in 100 Gy with a mean bearing height of 70.65 cm in comparison to control plants (72.97 cm), range being 55 to 115 cm. Further, based on morphological traits twenty-one lines were selected for physiological and fruit quality trait evaluation. Reduction in physiological loss in weight, ethylene evolution rate and respiration rate were observed in the mutant lines treated with 150 Gy dosage. The results advocate the efficacy of gamma induced mutation for developing dwarf cultivar with improved quality and shelf-life of fruits.

The Influence of Service Quality Toward Customer Satisfaction at CV. Indako Trading Co, Medan

The increasing demand of servicing make CV. Indako Trading Co have problem in serve the servicing. The supply of seats isn’t enough for the customers who comes to get servicing. The service advisor is less knowledge, because when customer asked for advice about their motor problem, the service advisor only can reply “let’s the mechanic check the problem”. The next problem is their customer service, their customer service less responsive. The writer chooses the title : The Influence of Service Quality toward Customer Satisfaction at CV. Indako Trading Co, Medan. The writer will use the Parasuraman five service dimensions which are tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy and Surachandar customer satisfaction dimensions which are core service, human element of service delivery, systematyzation of service delivery, tangibles of service, and social responsibility.The total population in CV. Indako Trading Co is 300 customers. The writer uses the Slovin sampling techniques with 5 % of error tolerate. The sample size is 171 customers. In analyzing data, the writer used some methods such as such as data descriptive, the validity test, the reliability test, the correlation test, the determination test, the linier regression, and the hypothesis test.From the result of coefficient correlation between variable x and variable y, resulted 0.75 which means the service quality has a strong relation (influence) toward the customer satisfaction at CV. Indako Trading Co, Medan. The percentage of service quality toward customer satisfaction is 56.25% and the remaining percentage of 43.75% were affected by other factor of product quality which was not discussed in this skripsi. From the calculation of hypothesis test, The zcount > z table, this means the Null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative (Ha) is accepted. The Service quality influences customer satisfaction at CV. Indako Trading Co, Medan.

Assessment of genetic variability and association among yield traits in M2 population of menthol mint cv. Kosi

Assessment of genetic variability and association among yield traits in M2 population of menthol mint cv. Kosi

Screening of Sunflower Genotypes for Reaction to Alternaria Leaf Blight Disease across Multi-environments using Pooled Analysis

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an oilseed crop with potential health benefits as a source of oil and dietary fiber. The productivity of sunflower is hampered by both biotic and abiotic stresses caused due to climate changes. So far, the available gene pool is having moderately resistant lines. In the present study, we evaluated two screening methods by artificially challenging the plants with the causative agent A. helianthi. Significant changes in disease severity have been observed across 160 pre-breeding lines of sunflower, including the susceptible check, Morden in three different seasons. Among the160 pre-breeding lines derived from a mutant population of sunflower cv. Morden, 6.25 and 5.63 % of lines showed less leaf blight disease incidence under in vivo and in vitro environments respectively. Moreover, 44.38 % of the sunflower pre breeding lines demonstrated field tolerance with disease severity in the scale of 5. The promising accessions evaluated in our studies by whole plant assay method and detached leaf technique includes KSFI 19, KSFI 24, KSFI 147, KSFI 56, KSFI 120, KSFI 88, KSFI 152, KSFI 51 and KSFI 115. Therefore, these sunflower lines, could be employed for introgression of resistance genes against leaf blight disease in sunflower cultivars through marker assisted breeding strategies.

The Influence of Democratic Leadership Style, Work Productivity and Career Development on Work Motivation on Employees

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of democratic leadership style, work productivity and career development partially and simultaneously and to determine the most influential variables on work motivation in CV employees. Himpunan Abadi Surabaya. The research method used a quantitative approach with questionnaire data collection techniques distributed to 100 respondents. Respondents were taken based on one of the Non Probability Sampling by using the Saturation Sampling technique (Sample Saturated) this technique is used when the entire population is used as a sample. Because the existing population in the company CV. As many as 100 of the Surabaya Abadi Association, the population will be used fully as a sample, namely 100 respondents who were tested for validity, reliability, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression, partial tests, simultaneous tests, multiple correlation coefficient tests and multiple determination tests. The results showed that the partial test showed Democratic Leadership Style, Work Productivity and Career Development partially on work motivation at CV. Himpinan Abadi Surabaya, Simultaneous test shows that Democratic Leadership Style, Work Productivity and Career Development have a simultaneous influence on work motivation and Democratic Leadership Style is the variable that has the most significant influence on work motivation.

Assessment of Survivability and Genetic Variability in Mutated Population of Hybrid cut Chrysanthemum cv. Lexy Red

An experiment was conducted at experimental plot at college of Horticulture, Mudigere. Rooted terminal stem cuttings were irradiated with gamma rays (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 Gy) and the maximum survival percentage (100.00) was observed in control (0 Gy) and the minimum (0.00 %) was observed in 30 Gy and based on the survivability the LD50 was determined to be 25 Gy. High PCV and GCV was observed for plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, chlorophyll a and b and number of flowers per plant.

Efficacy of ertugliflozin on hospitalisation for heart failure across the distribution of pre-trial ejection fraction: post hoc analyses of the VERTIS CV trial

Abstract Introduction There is controversy over whether SGLT2 inhibitors have efficacy in high-risk patients with heart failure (HF) and ejection fraction (EF) >60% with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). The VERTIS CV trial studied a population of patients with T2D and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), 23% of whom had a history of HF. In VERTIS CV, ertugliflozin (ERTU) significantly reduced the risk of first and total hospitalisation for heart failure (HHF) vs placebo (PBO). Whether efficacy in the VERTIS CV population is consistent across the spectrum of pre-trial EF, particularly among those with EF >60%, is unknown. Purpose These post hoc analyses explored the effects of ERTU (5 mg; 15 mg) vs PBO on time to first and total HHF among patients in VERTIS CV across the spectrum of pre-trial EF. Methods As prospectively planned, the 2 ERTU dose groups were combined for all analyses vs PBO. Treatment effects of ERTU vs PBO on the risk of first and total HHF were analysed using adjusted Cox models for first and Andersen-Gill models for total (i.e., first + recurrent) events. Data on pre-trial EF were abstracted from the medical record at trial entry. Multiplicative interaction terms (EF × treatment arm) were used to determine if the efficacy of ERTU was modified by pre-trial EF. Results In VERTIS CV, 8246 patients were randomised to ERTU 5 or 15 mg or PBO (mean follow up 3.5 years). Overall, 5006 patients had pre-trial EF data available; 959 had EF ≤45%, 2860 had EF >45–60%, and 1187 had EF >60%. In the overall population, the event rate for first HHF was lower with ERTU vs PBO (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70; 95% CI 0.54–0.90). The findings were generally consistent across pre-trial EF (P-interaction = 0.26; Figure), including patients with pre-trial EF >60% (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.34–1.55). In the overall population, event rate for total HHF was lower with ERTU vs PBO (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.56–0.87). A significant interaction was observed between pre-trial EF and treatment arm for the risk of total HHF events (P-interaction = 0.02), with a greater magnitude of risk reduction in patients with a low pre-trial EF (≤45%; HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.26–0.57). However, the 95% CIs for the HR for total HHF for those with EF >45–60% and >60% nearly entirely or entirely contained the 95% CI of the overall population, respectively (Figure). Conclusion In the VERTIS CV trial of patients with T2D and ASCVD, the efficacy of ERTU in preventing first HHF was generally comparable across the spectrum of pre-trial EF. The trend for greater benefit at lower EF was statistically significant for total HHF events. Findings for patients with EF >45–60% and >60% appeared quantitively consistent with the overall findings for both first and total HHF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): This study was sponsored by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA, and Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA.

Assessment of genetic variability and association among yield traits in M1 population of menthol mint cv. Kosi

For plant genetic improvement, it is of paramount significance to determine genetic components for selecting desirable traits and their interrelationship for enhanced selection efficiency. Menthol mint, a perennial herbaceous aromatic plant cultivated as an annual herb for its commercial valued essential oil. Mint is highly heterozygous in its genetic constitution and vegetatively propagated by stolons, making it a promising material for inducing mutation and creation of desired variability.Mint cultivar Kosi was subjected to gamma irradiation (20 Gy and 40 Gy) and each M1plant was analysed for variability and desired characteristics. 42 promising putative mutants selected from M1 generation based on growth and yield parameters were forwarded to M2. Study revealed that the exposure of stolons to gamma rays created significant variability in the plant height, plant spread, number of branches, leaf area, fresh and shade dried herb yield per plant.Further, fresh herb yield was found to have significantly and positively correlated with leaf area, number of branches, plant spread and plant height. Path co-efficient analysis revealed that leaf area and plant spread exhibited positive direct effect on yield. Hence, selection for this character could bring improvement in yield and yield components in menthol mint.

PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

Human resources are a very important factor in the current era of globalization. Because the success of a company is determined by the quality of its human resources. Therefore, to be able to develop, companies must implement good and efficient management. This study aims to determine the partial effect of work motivation on employee performance at CV. Artline Globalindo, the partial effect of the work environment on the performance of employees of CV. Artline Globalindo, and to determine the simultaneous effect of work motivation and work environment on employee performance at CV. Artline Globalindo. In this study using quantitative methods, with a population of all employees CV. Artline Globalindo, totaling 81 respondents. The sampling technique in this study is a probability sampling technique and a sampling method using simple random sampling. Sources of data used in this study are primary and secondary data. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study based on the t-test of work motivation (X1) had a partial effect on employee performance with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05. The work environment (X2) has a partial effect on employee performance (Y) with a significant value of 0.000 <0.05. Based on the F test with a significant value of 0.000 <0.05, which means that the work motivation variable (X1) and the work environment (X2) have a simultaneous effect on the employee performance variable (Y).
 

Swift/XRT Deep Galactic Plane Survey Discovery of a New Intermediate Polar Cataclysmic Variable, Swift J183920.1-045350

Abstract We report on the Swift/XRT Deep Galactic Plane Survey discovery and multiwavelength follow-up observations of a new intermediate polar (IP) cataclysmic variable, Swift J183920.1-045350. A 449.7 s spin period is found in XMM-Newton and NuSTAR data, accompanied by a 459.9 s optical period that is most likely the synodic, or beat period, produced from a 5.6 hr orbital period. The orbital period is seen with moderate significance in independent long-baseline optical photometry observations taken with the ZTF and SAAO telescopes. We find that the X-ray pulse fraction of the source decreases with increasing energy. The X-ray spectra are consistent with the presence of an Fe emission line complex with both local and interstellar absorption. In the optical spectra, strong Hα, H i, He i, and He ii emission lines are observed, all common features in magnetic CVs. The source properties are thus typical of known IPs, with the exception of its estimated distance of 2.26 − 0.83 + 1.93 kpc, which is larger than typical, extending the reach of the CV population in our Galaxy.

A single base change at exon of Wx-A1 caused gene inactivation and starch properties modified in a wheat EMS mutant line.

Wheat is an essential source of starch. The GBSS or waxy genes are responsible for synthesizing amylose in cereals. The present study identified a novel Wx-A1 null mutant line from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized population of common wheat cv. SM126 using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and agarose gel analyses. The alignment of the Wx-A1 gene sequences from the mutant and parental SM126 lines showed only one single nucleotide polymorphism causing the appearance of a premature stop codon and Wx-A1 inactivation. The lack of Wx-A1 protein resulted in decreased amylose, total starch and resistant starch. The starch morphology assessment revealed that starch from mutant seeds was more wrinkled, increasing its susceptibility to digestion. Regarding the starch thermodynamic properties, the gelatinization temperature was remarkably reduced in the mutant compared to parental line SM126. The digestibility of native, gelatinized, and retrograded starches was analyzed for mutant M4-627 and the parental SM126 line. In the M4-627 line, rapidly digestible starch contents were increased, whereas resistant starch was decreased in the three types of starch. Waxy protein is essential for starch synthesis. The thermodynamic characteristics were decreased in the Wx-A1 mutant line. The digestibility properties of starch were also affected. Therefore, the partial waxy mutant M3-627 might play a significant role in food improvement. Furthermore, it might also be used to produce high-quality noodles. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Penerapan Budaya Organisasi terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Karyawan pada CV. Desain & Bangunan Sukabumi

In an industrial world, organizational culture is an important element that must be highlighted in an industry because it can affect the performance of its employees. A company will have more advantages if its employees are able to work well in accordance with their main duties and functions, it can be dealt with by growing a good culture in order to provide examples of good ways of working for fellow employees. The purpose of this study is to determine how much influence the organizational culture of improving employee performance on the CV. Design & Building Sukabumi, with a population of CV employees. Sukabumi Design & Building. The population in CV. Sukabumi design & Building totaling 50 respondents, proving the results of this hypothesis using simple linear analysis, the results obtained from this study are, the results of the t test in this study amounted to 13,587 with a significant value of 0,000 significant value of 0,000 smaller than 0.05 (0,000 <0.05). From this it can be interpreted that there is a positive influence of organizational culture on employee performance in the CV. Sukabumi Design & Building.

Spectroscopic Studies of 30 Short-period Cataclysmic Variable Stars and Remarks on the Evolution and Population of Similar Objects

Abstract We present spectroscopy and orbital periods P orb for 30 apparently nonmagnetic cataclysmic binaries with periods below ∼3 hr, nearly all of which are dwarf novae, mostly of the SU Ursae Majoris subclass. We then turn to the evidence supporting the prediction that short-period dwarf novae evolve toward longer periods after passing through a minimum period—the “period bounce” phenomenon. Plotting data from the literature reveals that for superhump period excess ϵ = (P sh − P orb)/P orb below ∼0.015, the period appears to increase with decreasing ϵ, agreeing at least qualitatively with the predicted behavior. Next, motivated by the long (decadal) outburst intervals of the WZ Sagittae subclass of short-period dwarf novae, we ask whether there could be a sizable population of “lurkers”—systems that resemble dwarf novae at minimum light, but which do not outburst over accessible timescales (or at all) and therefore do not draw attention to themselves. By examining the outburst history of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey sample of CVs, which were selected by color and not by outburst, we find that a large majority of the color-selected dwarf-nova-like objects have been observed to outburst, and we conclude that “lurkers,” if they exist, are a relatively minor part of the CV population.

PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KINERJA CV. RANDU SARI SATU TAHUN 2016-2018

In evaluating what has been achieved by CV. Randu Sari Satu then for an estimate of the changes in the financial condition of the business CV. Randu Sari Satu requires financial calculations with ratio analysis. Based on the background of the research above, the problem raised in this study is whether the financial ratios in 2016-2018 affect changes in performance on the CV. Randu Sari Satu? Based on the above problem formulation, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of financial ratios on changes in performance on the CV. Randu Sari Satu. This research is focused on problem solving aimed at explaining the relationship between one variable with another variable in a qualitative and quantitative analysis. Based on the results of research and discussion, conclusions can be drawn namely current ratio, quick ratio, working capital to total assets, total debt to equity ratio, total debt to total capital assets, long term debt to equity ratio, total asset turnover, inventory turnover, average days inventory, working capital turnover, gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on investment and return on equity have no effect on changes in company performance. Based on the conclusions above, the following suggestions can be given To CV. Randu Sari Satu to further review the performance of CV. Randu Sari Satu which is run, it is intended to increase the benefits gained by CV. Randu Sari Satu. So the performance of CV. Randu Sari Satu can run according to the goals set. In this study, researchers measured the effect of financial ratios on changes in CV performance. Randu Sari One year 2016-2018. This research was carried out in a limited manner with the determination of population and sample in CV. Randu Sari Satu. The next researcher is expected to be able to develop other aspects and be able to use this research as a source of research material in subsequent studies. Keywords:Financial Ratios, Performance, CV. Randu Sari Satu

Evaluation and characterization of EMS derived mutant populations in mango

Mango is one of the most important fruit crops having long juvenile phase which is often resulting into poor land use efficiency and economic returns. In order to improve the production and productivity, there is an urgent need to develop less vigorous or dwarf cultivars for high-density planting (HDP). In mango, the regular bearing, precocity and dwarfness are controlled by recessive genes. It is pertinent to use mutagens to induce variability including the dwarfness in selected mango hybrid. Accordingly, the mutant populations of mango hybrid cv. Arka Puneet were generated from various doses of EMS in order to create variability. This study was carried out to characterize the putative mutant populations of mango cv. Arka Puneet based on morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. Morphological changes such as reduced plant height, thicker stem, more branching, longer (leaf length, leaf width) shorter (internodal length, shoot length and petiole length) were observed in the dwarf mutant populations. Reduction in stomatal number with increased stomatal size as well as increase in the total phenol content in leaf were observed in 0.8 per cent EMS treated mutants, where more number of dwarf plants were observed. Biochemical traits like total chlorophyll content and hormones GA got reduced with high doses of mutagen and the increase in activity of enzyme like peroxidase and hormones ABA were also noticed.

EFEITO DE LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E DOSES DE PBZ NA MICROFAUNA DO SOLO CULTIVADO COM MANGUEIRA CV. HADEN NO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS.

This study aims to evaluate different irrigation depth and doses of a growth regulator on soil microbial population in mango crop cv. Haden in northern Minas Gerais. The experiment was carried out in a randomized design consisting of 16 treatments with three replications, with four irrigation depth and four doses of paclobutrazol (PBZ). The irrigation system used was microsprinkler, consisting of a lateral line for each row of plants and two microsprinklers by plant. With respect to nematodes analyzes, each soil

Transfer of a starch phenotype from wild wheat to bread wheat by deletion of a locus controlling B-type starch granule content.

Our previous genetic analysis of a tetraploid wild wheat species, Aegilops peregrina, predicted that a single gene per haploid genome, Bgc-1, controls B-type starch granule content in the grain. To test whether bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has orthologous Bgc-1 loci, we screened a population of γ-irradiated bread wheat cv. Paragon for deletions of the group 4 chromosomes spanning Bgc-1. Suitable deletions, each encompassing ~600-700 genes, were discovered for chromosomes 4A and 4D. These two deletions are predicted to have 240 homoeologous genes in common. In contrast to single deletion mutant plants, double deletion mutants were found to lack B-type starch granules. The B-less grains had normal A-type starch granule morphology, normal overall starch content, and normal grain weight. In addition to variation in starch granule size distribution, the B-less wheat grains differed from controls in grain hardness, starch swelling power, and amylose content. We believe that these B-less wheat plants are the only Triticeae cereals available that combine substantial alterations in starch granule size distribution with minimal impact on starch content.

Identifikasi Perubahan Karakter Agronomis Padi Transgenik Penanda Aktivasi cv. Asemandi Generasi T1

<p>The activation-tagged populations of transgenic rice cv.<br />Asemandi have been developed by introducing construct of<br />activation taq Ac/Ds into rice genom of cv. Asemandi. The T1<br />transgenic rice populations cv. Asemandi containing<br />construct of activation taq have been obtained and needed<br />to be characterized. This study aimed to identify the Basta<br />herbicide resistant plants, transgenic plants containing hpt<br />and bar genes, and changes in agronomic traits. Basta<br />resistant plant was identified by treating leaf with basta<br />solution. Hpt and bar genes were detected by PCR using<br />specific primers. Phenotype characters were identified by<br />observing and measuring their agronomic parameters. The<br />study results showed that out of 315 rice transgenic cv.<br />Asemandi T1 treated with Basta solution, 176 (55.87%) plants<br />were indicated to be resistant to Basta. The results of PCR<br />analysis revealed that eight rice transgenic cv. Asemandi<br />tested contained both hpt and bar genes. In general,<br />compared to the nontransgenic plants, there were changes<br />in several agronomic parameters of T1 transgenic plants cv.<br />Asemandi, including plant height, days to flowering, days to<br />harvesting, periods of grain filling, and weight of 100 grains.<br />Correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation<br />between days of harvesting to weight of 100 grains in<br />transgenic rice, but there was correlation in nontransgenic<br />rice. Transgenic rice plants cv. Asemandi with changes in<br />the agronomic characters will be useful for further study,<br />such as to analyze the function of the genes.</p>

EVIDENCE FOR INTERMEDIATE POLARS AS THE ORIGIN OF THE GALACTIC CENTER HARD X-RAY EMISSION

ABSTRACT Recently, unresolved hard (20–40 keV) X-ray emission has been discovered within the central 10 pc of the Galaxy, possibly indicating a large population of intermediate polars (IPs). Chandra and XMM-Newton measurements in the surrounding ∼50 pc imply a much lighter population of IPs with . Here we use broadband NuSTAR observations of two IPs: TV Columbae, which has a fairly typical but widely varying reported mass of – , and IGR J17303–0601, with a heavy reported mass of – . We investigate how varying spectral models and observed energy ranges influences estimated white dwarf mass. Observations of the inner 10 pc can be accounted for by IPs with , consistent with that of the CV population in general and the X-ray observed field IPs in particular. The lower mass derived by Chandra and XMM-Newton appears to be an artifact of narrow energy-band fitting. To explain the (unresolved) central hard X-ray emission (CHXE) by IPs requires an X-ray (2–8 keV) luminosity function (XLF) extending down to at least 5 × 1031 erg s−1. The CHXE XLF, if extended to the surrounding ∼50 pc observed by Chandra and XMM-Newton, requires that at least ∼20%–40% of the ∼9000 point sources are IPs. If the XLF extends just a factor of a few lower in luminosity, then the vast majority of these sources are IPs. This is in contrast to recent observations of the Galactic ridge, where the bulk of the 2–8 keV emission is ascribed to non-magnetic CVs.