Population Dwelling Research Articles

Automated simulation for household road traffic noise exposure: Application and field evaluation in a high-density city

Road traffic noise is a major nuisance and a risk factor of poor health for urban dwellers. A household's exposure to road traffic noise, especially in a high-density city, can be easily modified by the surrounding built environment, i.e., roads, traffic, buildings, and the topography. This leads to high variation in noise exposure between neighboring households. Existing simulation-based studies were limited in accounting for the variation of noise exposure at the household level, which restricted their applications in public health research involving large numbers of participants. This paper describes a novel simulation-based workflow to assess household traffic noise exposure, which consists of 1) a source model to assess road traffic noise levels, 2) a propagation model to simulate noise propagation in complex three-dimensional urban areas, 3) an automation algorithm to process large quantity of simulation runs and data. The workflow has been evaluated using field studies conducted in Sham Shui Po District, Hong Kong, with reasonably good agreements between simulated and measured data. It was then used to assess road traffic noise exposure for a sample of 6158 households enrolled in the FAMILY Cohort, representing Hong Kong's population dwelling in the dense urban areas. Results showed that 83% of sampled households have been exposed to excessive road traffic noise above the World Health Organization (WHO) standard, or 30% above the local standard. The estimated burden of disease is over 45,000 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from both high annoyance and sleep disturbance for households in Hong Kong. The study has contributed to the methodologies and datasets in evaluating noise exposure in high-density cities, which can further support urban noise mitigation policies and planning and population-based health studies in the next steps.

Assessment of sanitation and drinking water facilities among slum households in Bhubaneswar, Odisha - A cross-sectional study.

The study aims to assess the practice of using unsafe drinking water and sanitary practices among the population dwelling in slum settings of Bhubaneswar city, Odisha, India. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 288 households in the Bhubaneswar slums of Chandrasekharpur, Neeladri Vihar, and Trinatha basti. A questionnaire was administered face to face. Descriptive statistics were used to define the participants' sociodemographic characteristics, household information, drinking water, latrine characteristics, and waste disposal. The majority (59.7%) resided in kutcha households in notified slum areas, and 89.6% were reportedly illiterate. About 92.7% resided in a deplorable condition, relying on piped water (79.5%) from the community sources and 20.5% used it for drinking and household purposes. Around 83% of the respondents stated they did not treat water before consumption. Bathroom facilities were found to be inadequate, and 74.3% used pit latrines. The majority of household wastes (83%) were managed by directly letting them to the drainage system untreated. As a consequence, 91% reported breeding of flies and mosquitoes near their household premises and 70.5% stated having fever in the past 6 months. Despite the government's initiatives to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) strategies, an extensive gap in practice was observed. As a result, Bhubaneswar municipality must strictly enforce policy and regulatory guidelines concerning WASH to improve the sanitation practices, particularly in the areas of drinking water and household waste management.

IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON ECONOMY IN UTTAR PRADESH IN INDIA

This evaluation paper affords information concerning the impact of digitalization on the economic system. By gathering and compiling studies articles related to the impact of digitalization and statistics and communiqué technology on the financial system in Uttar Pradesh in India. The digital economy is not in reality about transferring business transactions from head-to-head to online, but its approximately remodeling the various facets of enterprise interactions and transactions and enabling innovations too. From the reviews, the variables are Pricing, Speed, Unemployment, GDP, FDI, Money, Governance, Infrastructure, and many others., have found essential on this. Problem: Uttar Pradesh is a developing nation and dealing with many financial troubles with more or less 70% of the population dwelling in the rural elements of India it is barely difficult to educate them about the Digitalization and its influences of it. India is developing in many aspects like usage of the net and many others however making them use inside the right direction, which could assist them in increasing their productiveness and adds a fee to the money the front and making them financially literate is the main demanding situations in advance.

POLITICAL MOBILIZATION, CONSCIOUSNESS OF SUBALTERNITY: A POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIVE IN CONTEMPORARY PAKISTANI FICTION

This paper examines the incredible portrayal of underestimated organizations and the way they lease their awareness to destroy treacheries by breaking down the four books from the Pakistani female essayists Shamsie and Javeri. The subaltern warfare in the society inside the quest in their self-sufficient self and it is performed with the assist of continuous resistance on their element. Colonized and subalterns display their resistance to counter not only the British Raj but the upper strata of the society. Inside the like way, transgender, women resist the conventional norms of the mainstream by way of growing anti-normative frame and by adopting new roles within the society. Shamsie uses an imaginary climate to enlighten potential strategies for overcoming any issues among advantaged and inferior networks. Inferior Examinations target finding lost spirits of the overall population dwelling in smothered circumstances, communicating their quietness to check their existence known and giving them their due credit and spot in the historiography. The point of convergence of the research was to convey the ignored experiences of subalterns to lime light while similarly highlighting the elective stories which emerged during the time spent giving them a nice ear and keep their deterrent regardless of force structures. Subalterns are the discouraged and the browbeaten masses enslaved and minimized based on standing, religion, culture, orientation and so on. They are deserted and ignored during the history composing too. The discoveries of the review showed that all the texts re-established and got the failed to remember narratives, resistance and opposition of the subalterns with aptitude and at incredible length. They additionally projected the different accounts fighting, testing and destroying the prevailing renditions of history coming from the power structures.

POLITICAL MOBILIZATION, CONSCIOUSNESS OF SUBALTERNITY: A POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIVE IN CONTEMPORARY PAKISTANI FICTION

This paper examines the incredible portrayal of underestimated organizations and the way they lease their awareness to destroy treacheries by breaking down the four books from the Pakistani female essayists Shamsie and Javeri. The subaltern warfare in the society inside the quest in their self-sufficient self and it is performed with the assist of continuous resistance on their element. Colonized and subalterns display their resistance to counter not only the British Raj but the upper strata of the society. Inside the like way, transgender, women resist the conventional norms of the mainstream by way of growing anti-normative frame and by adopting new roles within the society. Shamsie uses an imaginary climate to enlighten potential strategies for overcoming any issues among advantaged and inferior networks. Inferior Examinations target finding lost spirits of the overall population dwelling in smothered circumstances, communicating their quietness to check their existence known and giving them their due credit and spot in the historiography. The point of convergence of the research was to convey the ignored experiences of subalterns to lime light while similarly highlighting the elective stories which emerged during the time spent giving them a nice ear and keep their deterrent regardless of force structures. Subalterns are the discouraged and the browbeaten masses enslaved and minimized based on standing, religion, culture, orientation and so on. They are deserted and ignored during the history composing too. The discoveries of the review showed that all the texts re-established and got the failed to remember narratives, resistance and opposition of the subalterns with aptitude and at incredible length. They additionally projected the different accounts fighting, testing and destroying the prevailing renditions of history coming from the power structures.

General Health, Dental Status & Perceived Dental Treatment Needs of An Elderly Population in India

Objectives: This pilot study determined the general and dental health status; perceived medical and dental treatment needs of an elderly population dwelling in residential homes in Himachal Pradesh (India).Method: Subjects were chosen from OPD of Department of Prosthodontics & Implantology, Himachal institute of dental sciences, Paonta sahib, (H.P) between April 2020 – April 2021. (N=133, female: 71 and male: 62) were involved in this study. A detailed questionnaire was prepared and dental examinations were conducted. Information was collected related to age, education levels, financial status, current physical functional status, general health, mental health, previous dental history, current dental status, oral hygiene practices and denture hygiene of these elderly people. The prevalence of edentulism, the presence and type of dental prostheses, dental and denture status and denture cleanliness were further evaluated.Results: The three most prevalent reported general health problems were associated with Genito-urinary problems (24%) followed by cardiovascular (18%) and respiratory problems (14%) varying significantly between genders, with males suffering more from cardiovascular problems than females (p < 0.05). Females showed significantly higher gastrointestinal and orthopaedic problems than males (p < 0.05). Females were more frequently edentulous than males but denture hygiene was significantly better in females than in males (p < 0.05). Brushing frequency did not significantly increase denture hygiene (p = 0.6). More than one-third of the subjects had not been to the dentist within the previous 5–10 years, mainly due to lack of demand, followed by the cost of the dental care and fear. More than two-thirds of denture-wearing subjects wore their dentures only during eating.

Spatio-temporal change delineation and forecasting of snow/ice-covered areas of Sikkim Himalaya using multispectral and thermal band combinations of landsat imagery

The widespread retreat of snow/ice-covered areas from the past century has given rise to the sea level. The snow/ice-covered area of Sikkim Himalaya is not an exception. Snow-covered areas are disappearing at an alarming rate, which would give rise to water scarcity especially to the population dwelling in the mountainous regions. Changes in the snow/ice-covered areas indicate a huge threat to the changing climate. Therefore, snow cover area monitoring is currently an important aspect of climate change studies. Landsat data are widely accepted and immensely valued for snow cover mapping. An assessment through change delineation has been performed for the images acquired during the accumulation period of snow for the years 1998, 2008, and 2018 and another three acquired during the ablation period for the years 2000, 2009, and 2017. Snow Cover Index (S3) and Normalized Difference Snow Thermal Index (NDSTI) techniques have been applied to the images. A newly proposed snow index called Perennial Snow Index (PSI) has been applied to delineate the perennial snow-covered regions using the difference of reflectance observed in a visible band (RED) and the Thermal infrared (TIR) band divided by the sum of the two reflectances of Landsat 8 after resampling to 15meter resolution through merging with panchromatic data. The acquired results demarcated the thick or perennial snow accumulated areal boundaries from the surrounding lesser snow deposited regions. The temporal change analysis of two decades shows a difference of 10% in the extent of the snow cover region in Sikkim Himalayas. S3 index values were taken into consideration while performing a Time series analysis. The observed values show a declining trend line along with forecasts till the year 2030. Global Land Ice Measurement from Space (GLIMS) program and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Map (GDEM) data have been used for reference.

ELDERLY WOMAN IN KARELIAN TRADITIONAL CULTURE: AGE BOUNDARIES AND SOCIOCULTURAL STATUS

To a larger extend than in case of a man the transition of a woman from one socio-age status to another in traditional culture was connected with her physiological changes. Stages of growing-up and ageing which were similar in many societies were regulated by the means of local tradition. It included complex of rights and obligations, restrictions and opportunities, which were determined by a combination of climatic, socioeconomic, cultural, religious, ethnic and other factors. The focus of the paper is to identify the universal and the ethnically specific traits in the scenarios of women aging in Karelian culture. Research purposes included consideration of issues about the old age limits, the field of female socio- age stratification terminology, the matter of sociocultural status, limitations and opportunities for Karelian women within and outside the family. The study observes the period of the late XIX - early XX century. The territorial framework is outlined by the boundaries of the Karelian population dwelling in the Olonets and Arkhangelsk provinces (the part of the Republic of Karelia in present). The authors conclude that late maturity was an important milestone in the life of Karelian woman. Normative role was growing, hierarchical relations in the family were redefined. However, the life of an elderly woman was not limited to family affairs. Participation in life cycle ceremonies, religious and missionary activities was a symbolic resource of the Karelian women in rural society and could be converted into revenue.

Microclimate drives intraspecific thermal specialization: conservation perspectives in freshwater habitats.

Endemic and relict species are often confined to ecological refugia or over fragmented distributions, representing priority conservation subjects. Within these sites, the individual population may realize distinct niches to a varying degree of specialization. An emblematic example is provided by freshwater species segregated in thermal-mineral springs, where individuals may face highly diverse microclimates in limited geographic areas. Downscaling the characterization of physiological traits to microclimatic niches becomes pivotal to adopt effective conservation measures in these heterogeneous habitats. Melanopsis etrusca (Brot, 1862) is an endangered relict snail endemic to a small number of thermal-mineral streams in central Italy. Here we describe the thermal tolerance of two populations of M. etrusca inhabiting streams with distinctly different thermal regimes, investigating the extent of physiological and behavioural specialization to such diverse microclimatic niches. The comparison of oxygen consumption rates of a population dwelling in temperate streams, characterized by seasonal temperature fluctuations (12-27°C), with a population experiencing constantly hot water (35-38°C) revealed the absence of any seasonal or geographic effect on metabolic compensation. Conversely, mobility performances were maximized in the population inhabiting the hot stream. Interestingly, here, the snails exhibited emersion behaviour outside the water, triggered by temperatures above 37°C. In the field, individuals of this population are observed inactive on stream banks, conceivably to minimize the metabolic cost that otherwise would be induced by remaining in the hot water. Only a few individuals from the temperate stream exhibited the same behaviour when exposed to elevated temperatures, suggesting the exaptation of a pre-existing trait during the evolutionary process of adaptation to hot waters. The present results provide elements for the best practice in future programmes aimed at reintroducing stocks of threatened species across heterogeneous habitats. Our study further underlines the relevance of downscaling data collection for endangered species conservation in order to recognize microclimatic specializations.

Rates and Patterns of First-Time Admissions for Acute Coronary Syndromes across Western Australia Using Linked Administrative Health Data 2007-2015.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is globally recognised as a significant health burden, for which the reduction in total ischemic times by way of the most suitable reperfusion strategy has been the focus of national and international initiatives. In a setting such as Western Australia, characterised by 79% of the population dwelling in the greater capital region, transfers to hospitals capable of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is often a necessary but time-consuming reality for outer-metropolitan and rural patients. Methods: Hospital separations, emergency department admissions and death registration data between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2015 were linked by the Western Australian Data Linkage Unit, identifying patients with a confirmed first-time diagnosis of ACS, who were either a direct admission or experienced an inter-hospital transfer. Results: Although the presentation rates of ACS remained stable over the nine years evaluated, the rates of first-time admissions for ACS were more than double in the rural residential cohort, including higher rates of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, the most time-critical manifestation of ACS. Consequently, rural patients were more likely to undergo an inter-hospital transfer. However, 42% of metropolitan admissions for a first-time ACS also experienced a transfer. Conclusion: While the time burden of inter-hospital transfers for rural patients is a reality in health care systems where it is not feasible to have advanced facilities and workforce skills outside of large population centres, there is a concerning trend of inter-hospital transfers within the metropolitan region highlighting the need for further initiatives to streamline pre-hospital triage to ensure patients with symptoms indicative of ACS present to PCI-equipped hospitals.

Elevated Water Tank

Water tanks are the capacity booths for putting away water. Raised water tanks are built to be able to deliver required head with the purpose that the water will movement affected by gravity the development exercise of water tanks is as antique as enlightened guy. The water tanks project has an firstrate want as it serves ingesting water for amazing populace from exceptional metropolitan urban groups to the little population dwelling in cities and towns. The smaller than ordinary project is led for a time of 15 days to have total all the way right down to earth information on unique tactics and issues appeared within the field. An change issue like construction factors, layout Parameters, information of Formwork, information of aid, process of Water treatment Plant and Execution had been controlled over the span of our smaller than regular undertaking."improved water tanks" via raising water tank, the enlargement upward push makes a conveyance strain at the tank outlet. The profile of water tanks begins offevolved with the utility parameters, consequently the type of materials applied and the form of water tank become directed by way of approach of those factors: 1. Vicinity of the water tank (inner, out of doors, over the floor or underground). 2. Volume of water tank need to preserve. 3. What the water may be utilized for? Four. Temperature of territory wherein might be located away, fear for solidifying. Five. Weight required conveying water. 6. How the water to be conveys to the water tank. 7. Wind and quake plan contemplations allow water tanks to endure seismic and excessive wind occasions

Resting-state prefrontal EEG biomarkers in correlation with MMSE scores in elderly individuals

We investigated whether cognitive decline could be explained by resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers measured in prefrontal regions that reflect the slowing of intrinsic EEG oscillations. In an aged population dwelling in a rural community (total = 496, males = 165, females = 331), we estimated the global cognitive decline using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and measured resting-state EEG parameters at the prefrontal regions of Fp1 and Fp2 in an eyes-closed state. Using a tertile split method, the subjects were classified as T3 (MMSE 28–30, N = 162), T2 (MMSE 25–27, N = 179), or T1 (MMSE ≤ 24, N = 155). The EEG slowing biomarkers of the median frequency, peak frequency and alpha-to-theta ratio decreased as the MMSE scores decreased from T2 to T1 for both sexes (−5.19 ≤ t-value ≤ −3.41 for males and −7.24 ≤ t-value ≤ −4.43 for females) after adjusting for age and education level. Using a double cross-validation procedure, we developed a prediction model for the MMSE scores using the EEG slowing biomarkers and demographic covariates of sex, age and education level. The maximum intraclass correlation coefficient between the MMSE scores and model-predicted values was 0.757 with RMSE = 2.685. The resting-state EEG biomarkers showed significant changes in people with early cognitive decline and correlated well with the MMSE scores. Resting-state EEG slowing measured in the prefrontal regions may be useful for the screening and follow-up of global cognitive decline in elderly individuals.

Telemedicine – Meaning, Challenges and Opportunities

Medical service is one of the crucial policies and decent medical service is required by the population in every country. There are three main obstacles which prevent people from obtaining proper medical cares and treatments. First, the deficiency of medical staffs especially physicians which occur even in the developed countries. Second, regarding an important demographic issue, an increase in the number of the elderly makes the medical services more demanding. Finally, geographical aspect also plays a major role in healthcare inequality. The population dwelling in rural or remote areas struggle from accessing proper medical services. Information and communication technologies have become an important infrastructure upon which several domains can build in order to achieve more effective solutions. Integrating such technologies into the medical discipline results in telemedicine which is currently available across the globe. This article describes telemedicine in three key aspects including current state, challenges and opportunities based upon existing studies and implementations.

A descriptive study of disability in patients presenting with medically unexplained physical symptoms in a medical OPD setting.

Introduction:Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are quite common in the primary care setting. These unexplained symptoms lead to physical, psychological, and functional disability increasing patient and caregiver distress.Methodology:Cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 100 patients attending medicine outpatient department. The data on sociodemographic profile and detailed clinical history were collected. Disability was assessed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 instrument. Association between qualitative measures was measured by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and for qualitative measure t-test or Wilcoxon test was used.Results:Most of the patients were young, from urban settings and belonging to lower socioeconomic strata. A mean of 6.54 symptoms per patient was presented with headache as the most common symptom. Average gross disability score in each domain was 1.6 with a major impact on the social and lifestyle-related domain.Conclusion:Patients with MUPS have significant disability especially in the domain of mobility and lifestyle-related activities. The disability is more in females, population dwelling in urban settlements, and population belonging to lower socioeconomic status.

Urban Dreams of Migrants: A Case Study of Migrant Integration in Shanghai

Unprecedented human mobility has driven the rapid urbanization around the world. In China, the fraction of population dwelling in cities increased from 17.9% to 52.6% between 1978 and 2012. Such large-scale migration poses challenges for policymakers and important questions for researchers. To investigate the process of migrant integration, we employ a one-month complete dataset of telecommunication metadata in Shanghai with 54 million users and 698 million call logs. We find systematic differences between locals and migrants in their mobile communication networks and geographical locations. For instance, migrants have more diverse contacts and move around the city with a larger radius than locals after they settle down. By distinguishing new migrants (who recently moved to Shanghai) from settled migrants (who have been in Shanghai for a while), we demonstrate the integration process of new migrants in their first three weeks. Moreover, we formulate classification problems to predict whether a person is a migrant. Our classifier is able to achieve an F1-score of 0.82 when distinguishing settled migrants from locals, but it remains challenging to identify new migrants because of class imbalance. This classification setup holds promise for identifying new migrants who will successfully integrate into locals (new migrants that misclassified as locals).

People's Perception to Climate Change in Remote Himalayan Mountains and Rainfall Variability in the Kailash Sacred Landscape-India

Climate change is a gradual on-going phenomenon which has been hastened by anthropogenic activities. With the rise in temperature it is observed that the usual rainfall pattern changes. Absolute analysis of climate variables (in the present case rainfall) for developing an understanding of climatic patterns is required to strengthen the link between the rural livelihood and vulnerability reduction. The study analyzed the historical rainfall data for hundred years and survey based perception of people. The findings are a clear indication of change in rainfall pattern for the districts of Kumaun region and for district Pithoragarh of Uttarakhand and its impacts associated with the sectors of agriculture and various services that will affect the rural population dwelling in the fragile mountains.

Trends in the prevalence of periodontitis in Taiwan from 1997 to 2013: A nationwide population-based retrospective study.

Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases. In this study, we probed the nationwide registered database to assess the time trends of prevalence of periodontitis in Taiwan.A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the registered database compiled by the National Health Insurance provided by the Department of Health, Taiwan, from 1997 to December 2013.We found that the prevalence of periodontitis significantly increased from 11.5% in 1997 to 19.59% in 2013 (P for trend < .0001). The mean age ± standard deviation with periodontitis from 1997 to 2013 was 54.46 ± 14.47 and 45.51 ± 16.58 years old, respectively. The proportion of individuals with periodontitis in age group >65 years old decreased markedly. The proportion of individuals with periodontitis in age groups <25 and 26 to 35 years old demonstrated an increased pattern. Compared to the reference cohort of 1953 to 1957, the recent birth cohort of 1993 to 1997 revealed the highest relative risk (RR) of periodontitis (male: RR, 67.42, 95% confidence interval [CI], 17.04–266.76; female: RR, 65.85, 95% CI, 16.70–259.70). Both male and female groups showed the similar age-effect pattern in the cross-sectional age curve from age–period–cohort model. There was an upturn with advancing age up to 40 to 50 years old and then a downward trend in both genders. Population dwelling in suburban area (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94–0.97) and rural area (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–0.99) had the lower risk of periodontitis than those who lived in urban area. The higher income group revealed the higher risk of periodontitis compared with lower income group (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.18–1.23).The prevalence of periodontitis significantly increased in Taiwan over past 17 years. The mean age with periodontitis was shown in a decreased pattern. The use of a nationwide population-based database could provide sufficient sample size, generalizability, and statistical power to assess the periodontal status in Taiwan.

Dose assessments from the measured radioactivity in soil, rock, clay, sediment and food crop samples of an elevated radiation area in south-western Nigeria

Activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th were measured in five different environmental matrices and food crops collected from some elevated radiation areas of Sikiti south-west Nigeria to estimate the radiation dose incur by the population. In situ gamma dose rates were also measured at every collection point for comparison. The activity concentrations of the various radionuclides obtained for rock samples collected from mining sites were generally higher than those of other matrices except 226Ra that is relatively low in rocks of the study area. Radiological hazard indices were estimated to assess the harmful effects of gamma radiation to the population dwelling in the area. The activity concentrations and the estimated radiological parameters were comparable to values obtained in elevated radiation areas around the world. The mean in situ measured absorbed dose rate is 232.8 ± 49.8 nGy h−1, which is far greater than the worldwide mean outdoor value of 60 nGy h−1. The total annual effective ingestion dose obtained in this study is 339.4 µSv year−1, which is higher than the 290 µSv year−1 reported as the world average value. Also, the total annual effective dose due to external and internal gamma radiation exposures in the study area is 1.83 mSv year−1, which is greater than the 1 mSv year−1 recommended by ICRP for members of the public. It can therefore be concluded that the radiological risks to the general population from gamma radiation due to natural radionuclides in the area are significant.

GW26-e2451 Correlation Between the BDNF Val66Met Polymorphisms and Metabolic Risks in Long-Lived Zhuang Population

We aim to evaluate the possible association between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and common metabolic risks including BMI, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid levels in a longevous population dwelling in Guangxi Hongshui River basin. BDNF Val66Met was genotyped by ARMS-PCR technique for 487 Zhuang

Unimodal activity pattern in forest-dwelling chamois: typical behaviour or interspecific avoidance?

Daily activity rhythms in mammals are influenced by a range of biotic and abiotic factors. During warm periods, mountain ungulates living in open areas typically show a bimodal pattern of activity rhythms, with peaks at dawn and dusk. To date, however, little is known about the activity patterns of mountain ungulates living in forested habitats and in areas where large predators are present. Using camera traps over a 6-month period between May and October of 2012, we investigated the activity pattern of a chamois population dwelling in the forests of the northern Mount Velebit region (Croatia) and its overlap with the activity patterns of potential predators (brown bear, grey wolf) and competitors (wild boar). Chamois showed a peak of activity between 5:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m., when 65 % of individuals were photographed. Contrary to previous literature on chamois, we found evidence for a unimodal pattern of activity with a peak in the early morning hours: At a seasonal level, this pattern remained fairly consistent, though the activity at dusk increased in the warmest months. The main peak of activity occurred during periods of decreased activity of potential predators and competitors, and chamois exhibited the least tolerance for overlap with grey wolf. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this pattern is typical of forest-dwelling populations or if it reflects a temporal niche shift, possibly as a strategy to avoid predators.