Popular Bar Research Articles

How Not to Be an Expert

How <i>Not</i> to Be an Expert

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl in indoor environment ofpublic bars and its health implications.

This study determined theindoor air levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in some selectedpublic bars in Southern part of Nigeria. The result obtained was used to carry out healthrisk assessment of exposure to PCBs inthese indoor environment.s. Air samples were obtained from the selected popular bars using polyurethane (PUF) passive samplers. PCB quantification was done using GC-MS operated in selected ionization mode (SIM). Healthrisk assessment from exposure of these pollutants was determining using toxicity equivalence quotient (TEQ), inhalation risk assessment (IRA), incremental life cancer risk (ILCR), and hazard quotient (HQ). The results showed the average concentration range of 0.15-0.17µg/m3. The mean TEQ at various locations was 0.00050ng WHO-TEQ/m3, while the calculated daily inhalation exposure values were 0.0004ng TEQ kg-1day-1 for adults and 0.0002ng TEQ kg-1day-1 for children. The values of IRA, ILCR for the children, and HQs for both adults and children were higher than the WHO permissible limits. The study revealed that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with longtime exposure to PCBs in theindoor environment public bars.

Political-Pedagogical Character of the Collective Actions of the Popular Bars

Barrismo is a complex phenomenon and cannot be defined universally. Social representation is based on deficient conceptions that relate it to the use of psychoactive substances and violence. This article presents qualitative research evidence based on the epistemological assumptions of social constructionism, a hermeneutical phenomenological design and the use of qualitative interview and documentary and audiovisual review, to understand the political-pedagogical character of the collective actions of the popular bars of the city of Medellín, Colombia, as practices that contribute to the transformation of the territories. Categories found: i. Bars as popular movements: transition from the brave bar to the popular bar, and ii. Collective actions: Barrismo Social. The bars have gone from rough bars to popular bars, from political and critical reflexivity, with collective actions for the transformation of the territories, which transcends the experience of stigma and social prejudice.

Corrigendum - What popular bars post on social media platforms: a case for improved alcohol advertising regulation.

This corrigendum is being published to add a missing author to the following article: Paradis C, Zhao J, Stockwell T. What popular bars post on social media platforms: a case for improved alcohol advertising regulation. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2020;40(5/6):143-52. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.40.5/6.03.

What popular bars post on social media platforms: a case for improved alcohol advertising regulation.

The aim of this study was to document the scope of violations of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) "Code for Broadcast Advertising of Alcoholic Beverages" (CRTC Code) by drinking venues posting alcohol-related content on social media platforms, and to assess whether CRTC Code violations by drinking venues relate to their popularity among university students and to students' drinking behaviours. In phase 1 of the study, a probability sample of 477 students from four Canadian university responded to a questionnaire about their drinking and preferred drinking venues. In phase 2, a probability sample of 78 students assessed the compliance of drinking venues' social media posts with the 17 CRTC Code guidelines. We pooled both datasets and linked them by drinking venues. Popular drinking venues were overwhelming posting alcohol-related content that contravenes the CRTC Code. Adjusted effect estimates show that a decrease in the mean level of compliance with the CRTC Code was significantly associated with a 1% increase in popularity score of drinking venues (t-test, p < .001). With regard to drinking behaviours, a 1% increase in the overall mean level of compliance with the CRTC Code was associated with 0.458 fewer drinking days per week during a semester (t-test, p = .01), 0.294 fewer drinks per occasion (t-test, p = .048) and a lesser likelihood of consuming alcohol when attending a drinking venue (t-test, p = .001). The results of this study serve as a reminder to territorial and provincial regulatory agencies to review their practices to ensure that alcohol advertising guidelines are applied and enforced consistently. More importantly, these results call for the adoption of federal legislation with a public health mandate that would apply to all media, including print, television and radio, digital and social.

Exploring the Use of Smartphone Geofencing to Study Characteristics of Alcohol Drinking Locations in High-Risk Gay and Bisexual Men.

Geofencing offers new opportunities to study how specific environments affect alcohol use and related behavior. In this study, we examined the feasibility of using geofencing to examine social/environmental factors related to alcohol use and sexual perceptions in a sample of gay and bisexual men (GBM) who engage in heavy drinking and high-risk sex. HIV-negative GBM (N=76) completed ecological momentary assessments for 30days via a smartphone application and were prompted to complete surveys when inside general geofences set around popular bars and clubs. A subset (N=45) were also asked to complete surveys when inside personal geofences, which participants set themselves by identifying locations where they typically drank heavily. Approximately 49% of participants received a survey prompted by a general geofence. Among those who identified at least 1 personal drinking location, 62.2% received a personal geofence-prompted survey. Of the 175 total location-based surveys, 40.2% occurred when participants were not at the location that was intended to be captured. Participants reported being most able to openly express themselves at gay bars/clubs and private residences, but these locations were also more "sexualized" than general bars/clubs. Participants did not drink more heavily at gay bars/clubs, but did when in locations with more intoxicated patrons or guests. Geofencing has the potential to improve the validity of studies exploring environmental influences on drinking. However, the high number of "false-positive" prompts we observed suggests that geofences should be used carefully until improvements in precision are more widely available.

Design of transverse reinforcement to avoid premature buckling of main bars

SummaryThis paper proposes an enhancement to the current strength and confinement‐based design of transverse reinforcement in rectangular and circular reinforced concrete members to ensure that the flexural strength of reinforced concrete sections does not degrade excessively due to buckling of longitudinal bars until the desired level of plastic deformation is achieved. Antibuckling design criteria are developed based on a popular bar buckling model that uses a bar buckling parameter (combining the bar diameter, yield strength, and buckling length) to solely describe the bar buckling behavior. The value of buckling parameter that limits the buckling‐induced stress loss to 15% in compression bars at the strain corresponding to the design ductility is determined. For a bar of known diameter and yield strength, the maximum allowable buckling length can then be determined, which serves as the maximum limit for the tie/stirrup/hoop spacing. Lateral stiffness required to restrain the buckling tendency of main bars at the locations of the ties/stirrups/hoops depends on the flexural rigidity of the main bars and the buckling length (equal to or multiple of tie/hoop/stirrup spacing), whereas the antibuckling stiffness (ie, resistance) provided by the ties/stirrups/hoops depends on their size, number, and arrangement. Using the above concept, design recommendations for the amount, arrangement, and spacing of rectangular and circular ties/stirrups/hoops are then established to ensure that the antibuckling stiffness of the provided transverse reinforcement is greater than the stiffness required to restrain the buckling‐prone main bars. Key aspects of the developed method are verified using experimental tests from literature.

Editorial

Last November, Brisbane hosted a meeting of G20 leaders in the midst of a spring heatwave. The CBD and the high-density residential area around the venue — largely occupied by professionals and students, with a sprinkling of bohemians — was in ‘lockdown’. Residents accustomed to walking and cycling on the riverside were denied access, and movement in and out of the zone was restricted. Security arrangements for Barack Obama were the subject of fascination for the media and locals, while pictures of Chancellor Angela Merkel mingling with drinkers at a popular bar in Caxton Street on the city fringe went viral. In their account of the way government enacted legislation to meet anticipated security threats and of the strategies police used on the ground, Tim Legrand and Simon Bronitt recall an earlier Queensland history. Although the G20 Safety and Security Act 2013 conjured the spectre of the Bjelke-Petersen regime's ban on public assembly, and set aside the Goss legacy of the Peaceful Assembly Act 1991, this time the story was different. Despite the massive police presence, officers’ interactions with protesters were civil and the protests peaceful, as our cover image shows.

Physics of beer tapping.

The popular bar prank known in colloquial English as beer tapping consists in hitting the top of a beer bottle with a solid object, usually another bottle, to trigger the foaming over of the former within a few seconds. Despite the trick being known for a long time, to the best of our knowledge, the phenomenon still lacks scientific explanation. Although it seems natural to think that shock-induced cavitation enhances the diffusion of CO2 from the supersaturated bulk liquid into the bubbles by breaking them up, the subtle mechanism by which this happens remains unknown. Here, we show that the overall foaming-over process can be divided into three stages where different physical phenomena take place in different time scales: namely, the bubble-collapse (or cavitation) stage, the diffusion-driven stage, and the buoyancy-driven stage. In the bubble-collapse stage, the impact generates a train of expansion-compression waves in the liquid that leads to the fragmentation of preexisting gas cavities. Upon bubble fragmentation, the sudden increase of the interface-area-to-volume ratio enhances mass transfer significantly, which makes the bubble volume grow by a large factor until CO2 is locally depleted. At that point buoyancy takes over, making the bubble clouds rise and eventually form buoyant vortex rings whose volume grows fast due to the feedback between the buoyancy-induced rising speed and the advection-enhanced CO2 transport from the bulk liquid to the bubble. The physics behind this explosive process sheds insight into the dynamics of geological phenomena such as limnic eruptions.

Composition Principles of Zemgale National Costume Bronze Sheet Metal Crowns

The study looked at 48 Zemgale’ s bronze sheet metal crowns from museums and literature sources analyzing the article bar composition and signs. The characteristically crown bar composition is situated horizontally or vertically on the edge of the crown. The central bar and border combinations can be classified in 12 types; the most popular bar layout is a single-band composition, followed by the central sign bar with identical borders, located at the top and the bottom of the crown. Depending on the number of lanes 6 types of crown composition can be classified. The central article bar is found to have 7 types of zig-zag lines. It was recognized that according to the simmetry classes 33 signs correspond to the Cn class and 57 to the Dm class. It was possible to detect a bar ornament class only in 56% of crowns. The research obtained 100 different signs that were classified in 6 groups, based on the number and type of the key element, geometric forms and the degree of complexity. Groups were organized by a corresponding index. Zemgale bronze sheet crowns have simple, compound and combined signs. After semantic matter signs can be classified in 12 groups.

Personal Account of Psychiatric Hospitalization

Personal Account of Psychiatric Hospitalization Michael Kerins When I was a young boy and teenager there was no indication that I would live with a mental health condition the remainder of my adult life. I had several friends and I was the goalie on the varsity hockey team that ranked fourth in the state of Massachusetts. My competiveness fostered through athletics would later bode me well as I would face seemingly insurmountable odds against the symptoms of my mental illness. Alcoholism and mental illness were both present in my childhood home. Upon graduating from high school I travelled around Europe on a Eurail Pass. My brother was in the Air Force and stationed in Germany. I used his house as a base to travel off to different countries every week. It was the most exciting time of my life. I loved everything about Europe, the food, the cleanliness, the history. I even fell in love with a woman who was going to the American College in Paris. My life seemed perfect. One day the woman I was in love with told me that she had feelings for me but we could never have a life together because I was not “ambitious” enough. I could see her point. She saw a young man travelling around Europe with a backpack. After we broke up, I tried different ways to live in Europe. I got a job washing dishes on an Air Force base and even got an apartment. This proved too much for me so I returned home to my parent’s house. [End Page 15] The States seemed so depressing compared to Europe. All the junk food, crime and dirt started to get to me. At home I felt like I was going backwards in my confidence. I was slipping into something that I could not identify at the time. I found a solution, which was to move out of my parent’s house. I got a job as a bartender at a famous bar in a large city. It was the most popular bar in the city. Working there was prestigious. I could have had as many girlfriends as I wanted to but chose not to. I did date but I dated a quiet and reserved woman. Things were going along great but I started to gradually feel myself slipping again. I met a hairdresser who managed to convince me that all the people I was working with at the bar were evil and that I should leave. She introduced me to the Bible. I quit working at the bar and it was perhaps one of the biggest mistakes I have ever made. Everybody there treated me like I was special. Nobody ever treated me so nicely before or after that experience. Now I had no job and no anchor inside to hold onto. I felt myself drifting further and further away inside myself. I would read philosophy and religious books constantly. Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Saint Thomas Aquinas, Plato, Socrates. I found comfort in their writings. I would hang out at the library reading their works all day. I tried several attempts at other work but I was distracted by my thoughts. When I was working at the bar I exhibited high-level interpersonal skills. Now I couldn’t relate to anybody or anything. It was very scary and I had no idea what was going on. I was reading Freud one day and many of the things he was writing I could relate to in terms of my struggles. For some reason I got all that Freud-speak and loved it. I made the decision to see a Psychiatrist and Therapist for the first time. My first experience with the mental health system was at a clinic in my city. My intake consisted of being in a room with several people. It felt odd because I knew I was struggling but it couldn’t be this serious. The Chief Psychiatrist asked me a series of questions as everybody else listened. I guess the others were in their Residency. I started to explain my current experience. I had a lot of existential stuff going on, wondering why I am here, and...

The Pig in Irish Cuisine and Culture

The Pig in Irish Cuisine and Culture

Why is the “KGB Bar” possible? Binary morality and its consequences

This article asks why a popular bar named after a criminal Soviet secret police organization has not provoked the outrage of the developed world's intellectual and artistic elites, who would surely condemn an SS Bar. It attributes this moral blindness to the Holocaust's centrality in Israeli, German, and American national discourse and the resultant binary morality that ascribes collective innocence to all Jews at all times and in all places and collective guilt to all Germans – and potentially to all non-Jews – at all times and in all places. The moral logic of the Holocaust thus transforms Jews into victims and non-Jews into victimizers; the moral logic and reality of the Gulag transform everybody into both victim and victimizer. The binary morality of the Holocaust insists that all human beings be heroes; the fuzzy morality of the Gulag recognizes that all humans are just humans constantly confronted by moral ambiguity. But because the Gulag's moral ambiguity concerns non-JewsandJews, the Gulag undercuts binary morality. The Holocaust and the Gulag are not just incompatible moral tales; they are incompatibleandintersecting moral tales. As a result, they cannot co-exist. We therefore fail to respond to the KGB Bar because to recognize the Gulag as a mass murder worthy of categorical moral condemnation would be to challenge the sacred status of the Holocaust. Ironically, the KGB Bar is possibleprecisely becausean SS Bar is impossible.

“Go Ugly Early”: Fragmented Narrative and Bricolage as Interpretive Method

This article presents findings from an ethnographic research project as well as a study of method that explores the meaning of the popular phrase “Go Ugly Early” as it is claimed and lived out by a group of males in a popular bar. Acknowledging that similar methods can accomplish some of the same results and effects, this piece is an example of writing as inquiry, layered account, impressionist/mixed genre tale, or hypertext. Through form and content, the author illustrates the political value of fragmented narrative as it disrupts the linear flow of argument, reveals disparate and disjunctive influences on the researcher’s process of sense making through the course of a study, and opens more spaces for multiplicity. Through fragmented segments of scholarly, fictional, research journal, and participant narratives, the article explores how these sources of information play and interweave in the interpretive sense-making process and the construction of a research report.

Special technique for attachment incorporation with an implant overdenture

The Hader bar system is a popular bar and clip concept because of its 20-degree clip rotation, simplicity, and versatility. Two procedures may be used to incorporate the Hader nylon clip into a denture base. The direct technique consists of attaching the clip to the denture base as a clinical procedure. With the indirect technique, the clip is attached during laboratory processing. An alternative method of attaching the clip with a metal superstructure is presented. This procedure combines the advantages of the direct and indirect techniques for incorporation of the nylon clip of the Hader bar into the denture base. (J Prosthet Dent 2003;89:93-6.)

Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault (‘Date Rape’)

In the past few years, drug-facilitated sexual assaults have received widespread media coverage. In addition to alcohol, the most frequently used date-rape drug, flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), a fast-acting benzodiazepine, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its congeners are among the most popular drugs used for this purpose. The latter drug is easily procured at some gymnasiums, popular bars, discos, and rave clubs, as well as over the Internet. Perpetrators choose these drugs because they act rapidly, produce disinhibition and relaxation of voluntary muscles, and cause the victim to have lasting anterograde amnesia for events that occur under the influence of the drug. Alcoholic beverages potentiate the drug effects. We review several date-rape drugs, provide information on laboratory testing for them, and offer guidelines for preventing drug-facilitated sexual assault.

Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault (‘Date Rape’)

In the past few years, drug-facilitated sexual assaults have received widespread media coverage. In addition to alcohol, the most frequently used date-rape drug, flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), a fast-acting benzodiazepine, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its congeners are among the most popular drugs used for this purpose. The latter drug is easily procured at some gymnasiums, popular bars, discos, and rave clubs, as well as over the Internet. Perpetrators choose these drugs because they act rapidly, produce disinhibition and relaxation of voluntary muscles, and cause the victim to have lasting anterograde amnesia for events that occur under the influence of the drug. Alcoholic beverages potentiate the drug effects. We review several date-rape drugs, provide information on laboratory testing for them, and offer guidelines for preventing drug-facilitated sexual assault.

Nonoccupational noise exposures and their estimated daily L (eqs.) for general commercial air travel and local bars, restaurants, discos, and socialization establishments

Over a period of several years the authors have collected noise exposure data (N≳150 samples) during normal commercial air travel. The data were collected utilizing noise dosimeters, and an octave-band analyzer. The resulting noise exposures for air passengers will be presented, including the distribution of the measured A-weighted sound pressure levels. In addition, as part of regular class assignments, the students of the first author’s Effects Of Noise And Vibration graduate class have collected sound exposure data over several years at popular bars, restaurants, discos, and socialization establishments in the Raleigh, NC area. The noise exposures and sound level distributions from these surveys will also be presented.

Press Pass: Second City: Playing to the Top A conversation with Nick lohne

I chose to interview Nick Johne to get the lowdown on what it’s like to be a young comic working the grind in Toronto. I have known Nick for almost ten years. The first night I met Nick was at a (then) popular bar called the Bullring on campus at the University of Guelph. He and a friend did a comedy routine on the dance floor after the music stopped – I suppose as an interesting way to meet women. He claims that he was an outsider but that since he was funny he got invited to the cool parties. I went to the cool parties because he invited me. I guess that makes me an outsider’s outsider?