Poor Self-efficacy Research Articles

The Making of Confident Surgeons: Why and How?

Low self-confidence in surgical residents can be associated with poor self-efficacy and perceptions of sub-optimal preparedness for practice at graduation. The influence of social and biologic determinants of confidence deserves further study. Through a randomized controlled trial of procedure-specific didactic and low fidelity simulation training for vaginal surgery, we showed positive correlations between self-confidence and objective performance in the real operating room for three different surgical procedures and through validated scales. This demonstrates an accurate ability of novice surgeons to self-monitor in a high-stakes environment. Our trial results (described in full elsewhere), combined with our multiple one-on-one teaching interactions with surgical trainees through the trial, incentivized us to evaluate self-confidence in view of optimizing it through directed training and feedback. The current opinion piece summarizes our main findings for surgical educators and emphasizes their role engaging with trainees at extremes of confidence.

Relation between parenting style and confident decision-making in a student population.

Parenting styles differ in their expression of care and (over)protection behaviors and are associated with markedly different outcomes in children. While research has examined the effects of parenting styles on global self-esteem and self-efficacy, little is known about how they might relate to decision-confidence (metacognitive bias) in a task. This study examined the possible relation between students' decision-confidence and the perceived parenting style of their primary caregiver. Participants (N = 246) played a trust game and rated their confidence in task choices. The perceived parenting style of their caregiver was determined using participants' responses to the Parental Bonding Instrument. Participants' decision-confidence was not significantly associated with their caregiver's parenting style. However, decision-confidence was positively related with self-efficacy to a small degree. Exploratory analyses indicated that participants with overprotective caregivers were more likely to report poor self-efficacy and self-esteem; increased depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms; childhood adversity; and anxious and avoidant attachment; while participants with caring caregivers showed the opposite pattern. Our results are a step towards understanding the potential effects of parenting on adult children's decision-confidence and contribute to growing evidence that perceived parental behaviors have strong associations with young adults' mental health, self-worth, and relationship attachment.

Glaucoma medication non-adherence rate and associated barriers among glaucoma patients in Hawassa, Ethiopia

BackgroundThe estimated number peoples aged 40 to 80 years affected with glaucoma were 76.0 million in 2020 and 111.8 in 2040 globally. The estimated number peoples aged 40 to 80 years affected with glaucoma were 76.0 million in 2020 and 111.8 in 2040. This study identified glaucoma medication non-adherence rates and associated barriers among patients with glaucoma attending Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 340 patients diagnosed with glaucoma who were administered ocular hypotensive medication at least for one week before current visit and those who were diagnosed and prescribed the medication, currently presented to the hospital as new attendant. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire by interviewing patients and reviewing their medical charts from May 01 to November 30, 2022. The collected data checked for completeness, entered to SPSS 22. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analysis were done using the software. The findings were presented using tables and Pie-charts. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance.ResultsAbout 340 patients participated in this study with response rate of 90%. More than half of them (59.4%) were male. Mean age of the study participants was 60.2 ± 3.17SD years. The majority came from rural areas (186 (54.71%). Approximately 62.4% of them were with bilateral glaucoma while 47.10% were at advanced stage at least in one eye. The glaucoma non-adherence rate was 54.71% (95% CI; 50.90–58.50). Forgetfulness (AOR 28.32 (95% CI;14.80–54.16), difficulty with schedule AOR 2.52 (95% CI;1.009–6.29), believing eye drops were not effective AOR 6.35 (95% CI;1.17–34.49) and poor self-efficacy AOR 10.96 (95% CI;1.26–95.57) were barriers significantly associated with non-adherence.Conclusion and recommendationThe nonadherence rate to glaucoma medication among patients with glaucoma attending Hawassa University comprehensive hospital was high (54.71%). Forgetfulness, difficulty with schedule, belief that the drug was not effective and poor self-efficacy were barriers associated with glaucoma medication non-adherence. Health workers better to properly council and inform the patients about the disease nature, goal of treatment, danger of nonadherence to administered medication and mechanism to increase their adherence such as setting reminder.

Topography of Cholinergic Nerve Terminal Vulnerability and Balance Self-Efficacy in Parkinson's Disease.

Postural instability and gait disturbances (PIGD) represent a significant cause of disability in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cholinergic system dysfunction has been implicated in falls in PD. The occurrence of falls typically results in fear of falling (FoF) that in turn may lead to poorer balance self-efficacy. Balance self-efficacy refers to one's level of confidence in their ability to balance while completing activities of daily living like getting dressed, bathing, and walking. Lower self-efficacy, or greater FoF during these activities is a function of motor, cognitive, and emotional impairments and may impact quality of life in PD. Unlike known cholinergic reduction, especially in the right lateral geniculate and caudate nuclei, little is known about the role of cholinergic transporters in FoF or mobility self-efficacy in PD. [18F]fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol ([18F]FEOBV) positron emission tomography (PET) studies were conducted to assess vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) expression in 126 patients with PD (male (m) = 95, female (f) = 31). Participants had a mean age of 67.3 years (standard deviation (SD) = 7.1) and median Hoehn Yahr stage of 2.5. Patients also completed the Short Falls Efficacy Scale (sFES-I) as a survey measure of concerns about falling. [18F]FEOBV data were processed in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) using a voxel-wise regression model with sFES-I scores as the outcome measure. Reduced [18F]FEOBV binding in tectum, metathalamic (lateral more than medial geniculate nuclei), thalamus proper, bilateral mesiotemporal (hippocampal, parahippocampal, fusiform gyri and fimbriae), and right cerebellar lobule VI significantly associated with higher sFES-I scores (p < 0.05, family-wise error (FWE) correction after Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement (TFCE)). Unlike the more limited involvement of the brainstem-thalamic complex and caudate nuclei cholinergic topography associated with falls in PD, cholinergic reductions in the extended connectivity between the thalamic complex and the temporal limbic system via the fimbriae associates with FoF. Additional cholinergic changes were seen in the cerebellum. The temporal limbic system plays a role not only in episodic memory but also in spatial navigation, scene and contextual (e.g., emotional) processing. Findings may augur novel therapeutic approaches to treat poor mobility self-efficacy in PD. No: NCT02458430. Registered 18 March, 2015, https://www. gov/study/NCT02458430; No: NCT05459753. Registered 01 July, 2022, https://www. gov/study/NCT05459753.

Physicians' Perceptions and Experiences Regarding Leadership: A Link Between Beliefs and Identity Formation.

Despite the development of national recommendations and training programs for effective leadership, junior and senior medical leaders often find themselves ill-prepared to take on these new responsibilities. This study aimed to explore physicians' perceptions, feelings, and beliefs regarding leadership and to provide recommendations regarding appropriate training and institutional post-training support. We conducted a qualitative study at the Geneva University Hospitals. A purposeful sample of residents (R), fellows (F), attending physicians (A), and chairpersons (CP) were invited to participate in focus groups (or semi-structured interviews) between April and June 2021. We investigated their understanding of leadership, self-perception as leaders, difficulties, and paths to improvement in their leadership skills. Focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analyzed both inductively and deductively using Fishbein's model of behavior prediction and Irby's professional identity formation framework. We conducted ten focus groups (R=3; F=4, A=2, and CP=1) and one interview (CP). Physicians expressed poor self-efficacy at all hierarchical levels: feelings of insecurity and confusion (R and F), frustration (A), and feeling stuck between divisional and institutional governance (CP). Such negative feelings were nurtured by personal beliefs with an intuitive and idealized representation of leadership. Beliefs focused more on personal characteristics rather than on skills, processes, or perceived institutional norms. Unclear expectations regarding physicians' role as leaders, overemphasis on academic achievement, and silo professional organizations fueled their feelings. Participants reported developing their leadership through trial and error, observing role models, and turning to personal resources rather than formal training. Our results show that physicians' leadership skills are still mainly acquired intuitively and that institutional norms do not encourage clarification of leadership roles and processes. Physician training in leadership skills, together with more explicit and clear institutional processes, may help to improve physicians' self-efficacy and develop their identity as leaders.

Parenting under pressure: a cross-sectional questionnaire study of psychological distress, parenting concerns, self-efficacy, and emotion regulation in parents with cancer.

As many as one in four adults with cancer have children under 18 years. Balancing parenting and cancer is challenging and can be a source of psychological distress. This study aimed to examine psychological distress in parents with cancer and its associations with parenting concerns, self-efficacy, and emotion regulation. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire study of 406 parents (aged 25-60 years) diagnosed with cancer within the last 5 years, with at least one dependent child (≤ 18 years). Parents completed questionnaires on psychological distress (DASS-21), parenting concerns (PCQ), self-efficacy (GSE), emotion regulation (ERQ), mental and physical health, and sociodemographics. Data were analysed using multiple logistic regressions on depression (yes/no), anxiety (yes/no), and stress (yes/no). Higher parenting concerns were associated with greater odds of depression (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.64-3.31), anxiety (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.64-3.20), and stress (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 2.20-4.69) when adjusting for health and sociodemographic factors. Poorer self-efficacy was associated with increased odds of anxiety (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99, p < 0.05), whereas lower use of cognitive reappraisal and higher use of expressive suppression increased the odds of depression (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.98 | OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.18-1.80). The findings highlight the complexity of parental well-being in relation to parenthood and cancer, stressing the need for interventions that address relevant psychological factors to improve overall mental health in this population.

Facilitators and barriers to self-management in Iranian men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study

IntroductionSelf-management, as the most common method of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management, is not an isolated behaviour, but a set of physical, social, cultural, psychological and existential factors affecting...

Precariat women’s experiences to undertake an entrepreneurial training program

Women aged over 50 in Australia are becoming increasingly reliant on long-term welfare. Individual characteristics, societal norms, industry practices, and government policy create a multi-factorial, precariat population who have difficulties finding consistent, meaningful employment, live in financial distress, and have poor self-efficacy and mental health. Globally, entrepreneurial intervention programs are touted as an active labor market policy solution, helping people out of welfare into self-employment, and contributing to economic growth. While women and the long-term unemployed tend to struggle in such programs, in comparison, older participants thrive. The study aimed to identify the main factors that shape precariat women’s experiences in undertaking entrepreneurial intervention programs. Interview data collected longitudinally from 39 precariat women revealed four salient themes: the need for achievement as a motivator; self-efficacy and confidence; the negative impact of losing welfare assistance; and the beneficial impact of education and upskilling training. We discuss implications for research and policy.

Determinants Of Knowledge, Attitude and Self-efficacy of Khat Chewing Among School Students in Mogadishu Somalia

Introduction: Khat chewing has been a common habit throughout the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula for thousands of years. It is estimated that more than 20 million people in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula are adolescents. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy of khat chewing among adolescents in Mogadishu, Somalia. Method: A cross-sectional study with a sample of 284 adolescents was used. A self-administered pretested questionnaire was used after obtaining an ethical approval from Universiti Putr Malaysia. Data were coded, entered, and statistically analyzed. Results: The prevalence of khat chewing among respondents was 10.2%. Almost more than half of the participants had poor knowledge (184, 64.8%) and self-efficacy (154, 54.2%), while 140 (49.3%) respondents had positive attitudes. Significant predictors of the students’ knowledge of khat chewing included monthly income of more than 500$ (AOR: 2.145), family history such as cousin (AOR=0.347), fathers with a high school (AOR=1.75) and a college degree (AOR=2.21). Significant predictors of the students’ attitude towards khat chewing included family income of 100-299 USD (AOR=0.5), fathers’ with a high school (AOR=2.5) and college (AOR=2.4). Significant predictors of the students’ self-efficacy to resist khat chewing included family income of 100- 300$ (AOR=2.25), fathers with a high school (AOR=2.6), and khat accessibility that is fairly difficult (AOR=0.63) and fairly easy (AOR=0.55). Conclusion: The study highlights the need for increased awareness and education about the adverse effects of khat chewing and the importance of addressing social norms and peer pressure in shaping adolescent attitudes toward Khat.

Social learning-based health literacy promotion on the self efficacy and social anxiety of adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Background and objectiveType 1 diabetes mellitus one of the biggest health concerns around the world, is difficult to manage during adolescence. Among the non-medical methods of controlling this disease is empowerment through self-efficacy. Poor self-efficacy leads to social anxiety and ultimately deficiencies in diabetes. There is also a correlation among health literacy, self-efficacy, and social anxiety. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a literacy promotion training program based on social learning theory on the self-efficacy and social anxiety of adolescents with T1DM.MethodsThe current research is a semi-experimental type that was carried out with the cooperation of 66 adolescents aged 15–18 years with type 1 diabetes in Iran (Tehran, 2022). It has control and intervention groups. The endocrinology and diabetes clinics of the intervention and control groups were randomly selected in a multi-stage manner (endocrine and diabetes clinic of children’s medical center hospital for the control group and endocrine and diabetes clinic of Mofid hospital for the intervention group) and the participants were selected by Simple Random Sampling method (draw). The training program designed based on Bandura’s social learning theory was used to teach adolescents during seven consecutive sessions of 30–45 min during one week. Questionnaires were completed before and one month after the intervention. Data were analysed in SPSS-25 software.FindingsThe intervention for adolescents with T1DM in intervention group compared to the control group had a significant effect on improve health literacy (P<0.001), self-efficacy (P<0.001), and social anxiety (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe results can also be used to improve the capabilities of adolescents with T1DM, reduce and prevent disease complications, and develop operational-educational programs in the centers from which these adolescents receive various services.Trial registrationIRCT20210422051045N1.

تاثير معرفة الممرض والكفائة الذاتية على فعالية الحياة واضطرابات الاعراض على مرضى سرطان المعدة في دور الرعاية التلطيفية في الاردن

Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent and fatal cancers that has been reported around the world. Numerous studies reported poor and limited nurses' knowledge of palliative care services. Despite the numerous measures Jordan has taken to improve the palliative care concept, Jordan still confronts numerous difficulties and issues. This review of the literature on nurses' self-efficacy and knowledge while providing palliative care to patients with gastric cancer and nurses' perceptions of the barriers and needs towards palliative care services. The literature suggests that nurses have poor self-efficacy and knowledge concerning managing cancer symptoms, enhancement of quality of life, and therapy management plans (like opioids) for patients in palliative care units. Unfortunately, few studies have focused on palliative care in Jordan. This suggests a significant gap in literature studies on palliative care in Jordan.

Analysis of the Causes of Fear of Success Through Literature Review

Fear of success is a common psychological phenomenon, explicitly referring to the fear of winning in a competitive environment. Success generally brings joy to people, but at specific times, it generates joy. Success also comes with a psychological state of fear. This article uses a literature review method to study the causes of fear of success. It mainly collects literature through reading, communicating with people with fear of success, and summarizing the reasons for this phenomenon. It mainly includes two parts: internal and external factors. Internal factors include negative experiences, poor self-efficacy, shyness or social anxiety, and insufficient personal conditions; external factors include the influence of national culture, conformity psychology, and the surrounding environment and finding corresponding reasonable solutions from them, such as boldly acknowledging the existence of the "Jonah complex," achieving self-acceptance, being brave in "volunteering," and taking the initiative to face challenges. The results of this study will help us understand the reasons for fear of success, and based on this, objectively analyze facts, treat problems rationally, actively solve problems, and better achieve self-acceptance to promote human psychological development and create a better life.

Self-Management and Its Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Self-management (SM) is the gold standard of care and is the direct active participation of patients in their disease management. Condition-specific factors, physical and social environment, individual and family, and the process of SM are factors that influence SM in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Poor SM leads to high retroviral infection transmission, mortality, and morbidity. Objective: This study was aimed at assessing SM and its associated factors among PLHIV at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UOGCSH), Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a systematic random sampling technique at the UOGCSH from May 20 to July 30, 2022. The data were collected using a previously validated tool and were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with poor SM. The statistical significance was considered at a p value < 0.05. Result: Of 419 PLHIV, the median (IQR) SM score was 39 (9), and above half (52.6%, 95% CI: 48%-57%) of them had poor SM. Being unemployed (AOR = 2.49, 95%CI = 1.19, 5.19), living alone (AOR = 2.16, 95%CI = 1.12, 4.17), unfamiliar with the management of HIV-related symptoms (AOR = 3.59, 95%CI = 2.08, 6.20), poor social support (AOR = 3.02, 95%CI = 1.54, 5.93), poor self-efficacy (AOR = 3.04, 95%CI = 1.83, 5.06), and unsupported by the adherence support group (AOR = 17.17, 95%CI = 8.37, 35.22) were significantly associated with poor SM. Conclusion: The majority of PLHIV had poor SM. This study supports the findings of individual family SM theory and previously published studies regarding factors affecting SM. The government, hospital, adherence support groups, and PLHIV should work on modifiable sociodemographic, condition-specific, and process of SM to improve SM of PLHIV.

Electronic Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Monitors and Associated Interventions Improve Adolescent-Caregiver Relationships and Self-Efficacy Among Adolescents and Young Adults with HIV in Uganda.

Many adolescents and young adults with HIV (AYWH) struggle with antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and experience poorer outcomes than adults. Relevant factors include forgetfulness and poor self-efficacy related to their evolving neurobiology. We qualitatively explored experiences of AYWH-caregivers dyads using real-time ART adherence monitors and associated reminder functions in the home setting. As part of an implementation science-oriented study, AYWH used the Wisepill adherence monitor for 3 months. AYWH could also opt for short message service (SMS) self-reminders, a self-selected social supporter for delayed or missed doses, or an alarm reminder. We conducted in-depth interviews with randomly selected AYWH-caregiver dyads regarding their experience using the monitor. Qualitative data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. We completed 15 AYWH-caregiver dyad interviews. Of the AYWH, 67% were female, mean age was 16 years, 56% lived with their biological mother, and 86% were virologically suppressed. AYWH and their caregivers generally found the adherence monitors acceptable, though some had privacy concerns. AYWH felt the monitors helped them take charge of their medication, largely through the real-time alarm and SMS reminders; this took the burden of adherence reminders away from the caregivers, improving strained AYWH-caregiver relationships. Two adolescents reported rebound poor adherence after monitor withdrawal. ART adherence monitors and associated tools were largely acceptable to AYWH and their caregivers in home settings. The intervention helped improve AYWH self-efficacy and alleviated burden from some AYWH-caregiver relationships. Rebound poor adherence suggests the need for on-going support and/or other means to achieve intrinsic mechanisms for sustained adherence. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03825952.

KEEFEKTIFAN KONSELING KELOMPOK SFBC MENINGKATKAN SELF EFFICACY SISWA SMP NEGERI 19 PONTIANAK

The primary objective of this study is to examine the efficiency of Solution Focused Brief therapy (SFBC) group therapy as a means of enhancing the self-efficacy levels among seventh-grade students at SMP N 19 Pontianak. The chosen research methodology was experimentation, specifically employing a pre-experimental design research approach with a pre-test-post-test one group design. The participants in this study were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Specifically, a sample of 10 individuals with poor self-efficacy was drawn from a population of 31 individuals. Based on the computed data, the mean score of the pre-test (before to receiving any intervention) was 96 within the low category, while the post-test (after the administration of treatment) had an average score of 136 within the high group. The T statistic was derived using the Paired sample T-test, yielding a result of -3.928, accompanied by a significance level (Sig value). The p-value of 0.03, calculated using a two-tailed test, is less than the significance level of 0.05. This indicates that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, while the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. Therefore, there is a significant difference in student self-efficacy before and after receiving SFBC group counseling treatment. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that SFBC group counseling demonstrates efficacy in enhancing the self-efficacy levels of seventh-grade students enrolled at SMP N 19 Pontianak.

Physical Activity and Its Associated Factors among Patients with Hypertension at Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialised Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundAccurate evaluation of physical activity for patients with hypertension is important to determine patients’ health outcomes and intervention measures. Information about physical activity among patients with hypertension in Ethiopia is...

Gambaran Efikasi Diri Pasien Diabetes Mellitus

This study aimed to see a picture of self-efficacy in patients with diabetes mellitus at the Padang Pariaman Health Center. The method used is a quantitative research method with a descriptive design with a survey approach. The sample in this study was 92 respondents. The results showed that of the 92 respondents with good self-efficacy, as much as 42.4%, while 57.6% had poor self-efficacy. In conclusion, self-efficacy in diabetes mellitus patients will affect patients in behaving and being committed so that the goals of the desired behavior change can be achieved with self-efficacy. Individuals with solid self-efficacy have high hopes for the success of achieving goals, while individuals with low self-efficacy have doubts about achieving their goals.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Self Efficacy, Chronic Disease

What are the determinants of antiretroviral therapy adherence among stable people living with HIV? A cross-sectional study in Cambodia

BackgroundUnderstanding context-specific determinants of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is crucial for developing tailored interventions for improving health outcomes and achieving the UNAIDS’ third 95% target. This cross-sectional study explores factors associated with ART adherence among stable people living with HIV on ART in Cambodia.MethodsWe used baseline survey data from a quasi-experimental study conducted in 2021. The participants were recruited from 20 ART clinics in nine provinces for face-to-face interviews. A structured questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, ART adherence, perceived ART self-efficacy, mental health, quality of life, stigma, and discrimination. We conducted bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with ART adherence.ResultsOut of the 4101 participants, 86.5% reported adhering to ART in the past two months. The adjusted odds of ART adherence were significantly higher among participants in older age groups than those aged 15–29, participants with elevated cholesterol than those without it, participants who exhibited strong self-efficacy in health responsibility to maintain life than those with poor self-efficacy in health responsibility, participants who scored < 3 on the stigma and discrimination scale than those who scored ≥ 3, participants who scored ≥ 42 on the mental component of the quality-of-life scale than those who scored < 42. The adjusted odds of ART adherence were significantly lower in participants who earned > 301 USD per month than those who earned ≤ 100 USD per month.ConclusionThe ART adherence rate among stable people living with HIV in this study was comparable to that of the general people living with HIV in Cambodia. The results suggest the need for innovative interventions to further reduce stigma and discrimination and strategies to improve the self-efficacy and mental health of people living with HIV to improve ART adherence.

Impact of symptom burden and self-efficacy on functional status in advanced breast cancer patients: A path analysis.

This correlational study aims at exploring the correlations between symptom burden, functional status, and self-efficacy in advanced breast cancer patients and to analyze their paths of influence. The study was performed with 122 patients with advanced breast cancer receiving outpatient chemotherapy between April 10, 2021 and April 29, 2022. Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, the Functional Living Index-Cancer, and the Symptom Management Self-Efficacy Scale for Breast Cancer Related to Chemotherapy. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman correlation tests and path analysis were used for data evaluation. Less-educated individuals had a higher symptom burden and poorer self-efficacy. Low-income level was related to poor self-efficacy. Symptom severity did not directly influence functional status but affected it indirectly through self-efficacy, while symptom interference and self-efficacy had a direct impact on functional status. This study mainly concludes that symptom burden and self-efficacy affect functional status in advanced breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Self-efficacy-enhancing interventions may be helpful strategies for symptom relief and improvement in functional status in this population.

Raising Leadership Self-Efficacy and Minimizing Organizational Burnout Among School Administrators in a GROW Model of Cognitive Behavioral Coaching

Poor leadership self-efficacy and high organizational burnout are context-based cognitive conditions that sabotage leadership outcomes across organizations. When school administrators who are the leaders and directors of school affairs struggle with poor leadership self-efficacy and elevated levels of burnout their leadership styles are negatively affected with far-reaching impacts on the teachers, students, and the overall school outputs. This randomized control trial sought to investigate the effectiveness of GROW-Model (GROW-M) of Cognitive behavioral Coaching in raising leadership self-efficacy and minimizing burnout symptoms in a sample of school administrators in Enugu State, Nigeria. Participants included 77 school administrators who were randomly assigned to GROW-M ( N = 38) and waitlisted control ( N = 39) groups. A 2-h GROW-M program was delivered to the GROW-M intervention group weekly for 9 weeks. Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators’ Survey and the School Leaders’ Self-Efficacy Scale were employed to source data at preintervention, postintervention, and follow-up evaluations. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to explore data using SPSS version 24. Results revealed that participants’ organizational burnout reduced, while their leadership self-efficacy improved significantly at posttest. The changes in burnout and leadership self-efficacy levels were sustained through a 3-month follow-up. We concluded that intervention using GROW-M minimizes organizational burnout and raises leadership self-efficacy as a pliability resource for coping with overwhelming work demands.