Poor Parenting Research Articles

Influence of Parental Attitudes Towards Girls Regular School Attendance in Public Secondary Schools in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania

The study was designed to examine the factors influencing parental attitudes towards girls' regular school attendance in public secondary schools in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. The study was guided by feminism theory based on the framework of gender relations. The study employed descriptive research design. Purposive sampling and simple random were used to determine the sample size from the target population for the study. The content validity of instruments was assured while reliability of the data collection tool was tested using Cronbach coefficient correlation for consistence. Internal consistence of items in the questionnaire was established at r=0.871. The quantitative data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. While qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The study revealed that, lack of parental attention on their daughters’ education at home, early pregnancy and or marriages, cultural dance such as “vigodoro”, household chores and activities, tendencies of parents not to encourage girl-child education, poor parent’s education and security concern for girls were the major factors that hindered girls from attending school regularly. The study also found that, other factors apart from the socio-cultural factors included, level of the education of parents, parents’ occupation, missing parents, negative attitudes on girls’ education and long distance to school played a significant role in hindering girls from attending school regularly. The study proposed several remedial measures such as construct of girls’ hostel, establishment and or promoting gender equality policies and enhancing girls’ educational opportunities be put in place to facilitate girls’ regular school attendance. It was recommended that, advocating for the policy reforms to support gender equity in education, revising the current policy of fee-free education to be relevant with parent’s economic status and creating supportive school environments would support female students regular school attendance. Community engagement and the awareness campaigns could shift societal attitudes and foster parental support for girls' education. It was concluded that, addressing the socio-cultural factors and economic barriers is crucial for ensuring equitable access to education for girls in public secondary schools

Policing Is Reproductive Oppression: How Policing and Carceral Systems Criminalize Parenting and Maintain Reproductive Oppression

Since the era of chattel slavery, the state has used institutionalized abuse and violence as a tool for reproductive control. Today, public institutions and social services have been established by the state to police and surveil the behavior of poor communities and parents to maintain the reproductive violence and oppression that began centuries ago. This paper uses a reproductive justice framework to explore how the history of criminalizing pregnancy, surveilling Black and Indigenous communities, and denying reproductive autonomy are connected to and maintained by the present-day family policing system. In doing so, this paper expands on existing literature to create a stronger link and build solidarity between the movements against family policing and reproductive oppression.

Poor parenting patterns in patients with mental behavioral disorders due to stimulant use

A 23-year-old male was admitted to Ngoerah Hospital with a chief complaint is not being able to sleep began 3 days ago. Sometimes laughs and is expressive during history taking. His complaints of not being able to sleep started 3 days ago when he stopped using methamphetamine because he felt he was getting methamphetamine of low quality. He is nauseous, vomiting has body aches, has no appetite, and is drowsy but has difficulty sleeping. Physical examination is within normal limits. The patient wants to stop using methamphetamine. He has been using methamphetamine since junior high school in 2018, he got to know methamphetamine from junior high school friends. The patient wanted to stop because he felt traumatized by the negative effects of his latest use of methamphetamine. The patient's father is a civil servant and his mother is a midwife at Wangaya Regional Hospital. The patient experiences mental disorders in the form of mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of other stimulants including caffeine. This disorder is caused by the interaction of various factors, resulting in psychiatric symptoms—psychological factors from parenting factors. Father is said to be a strict person.

Anti-Indigenous racism in Canadian healthcare: a scoping review of the literature.

Health inequity between Indigenous (First Nations, Inuit, and Métis) peoples and other citizens is an important policy concern in Canada, as in other colonial countries. Racism in healthcare has been identified as contributing to poorer care and to worse outcomes. Despite a large literature regarding racism in other healthcare contexts, the dimensions of the existing literature on anti-Indigenous racism in Canadian healthcare are unclear. A scoping review examined the evidence of anti-Indigenous racist experiences in healthcare in the research literature, including the types of racist behaviours identified, settings studied, and Indigenous populations and geographic regions included. We identified English and French language journal articles on anti-Indigenous racism in Canadian healthcare settings in Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, and the Bibliography of Indigenous Peoples in North America, and grey literature reports. A total of 2250 journal articles and 9 grey literature reports published since 2000 were included in screening, and 66 studies were included in the final review. Most used qualitative interviews with patients, but a large proportion included healthcare providers. Most were conducted in urban settings, a majority in Ontario or British Columbia, with mixed Indigenous populations. The largest proportion focussed on patient experiences with healthcare in general, rather than specific clinical contexts. Most racist experiences identified were 'covert' racism, including patients feeling treated differently from non-Indigenous patients, being ignored, treated more slowly, or not believed. Stereotyping of Indigenous peoples as substance users, poor patients, or poor parents was also commonly reported. 'Overt racism', including the use of racist slurs, was not widely found. Some quantitative studies did use standardized or validated instruments to capture racist experiences, but most did not result in generalizable estimates of their prevalence. The few studies linking racism to health outcomes found that experiencing racism was related to reluctance to seek healthcare, potentially leading to higher unmet healthcare needs. Gender was the intersecting dimension most identified as shaping healthcare experiences, with Indigenous women and girls at risk to specific stereotypes. Some papers suggested that socio-economically disadvantaged Indigenous people were at the highest risk to experiencing racism. Types of anti-Indigenous racism identified in Canadian healthcare appear similar to those reported in other jurisdictions. Indigenous peoples facing multiple dimensions of disadvantage, especially gender and social class, may be the most likely to experience racism. It is likely that the experience of racism in healthcare has implications for Indigenous peoples' health, mainly by reducing healthcare access.

The Influence of Parental Role on Adolescent Sexual Behaviour and HIV/AIDS in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Background: HIV/AIDS risky behaviour remains a critical health concern for adolescents, specifically at high school level. In South Africa, the rapid increase of risky lifestyles and sexual behaviours among adolescents could be mainly attributed to poor parental skills and broken family structures. Four identified sexual risk behaviours that are of concern in South Africa are age at sexual debut, multiple sexual partners, condom use and transactional sex.Methods: Data was collected using a quantitative cross-sectional survey with samle consist with 450 male and female high school adolescents between 14 to 18 years from 3 different South African school settings. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistics procedure.Result: 79.7% of the respondents had only one parent still alive with 4.9 % of the respondents indicated to have lost both parents. Only 13.5% of the respondents were from a nuclear family. The majority of the respondents were (41.2%) living with grandparents. This high level of family disintegration, parental absence and poor parenting skills in South Africa exposed 73.3% (330) of the respondents to early sexual debut, transactional sex, unprotected sex and having multiple sexual partners. The study proved that there is a statistical association between guardianship and age at sexual debut; guardianship and multiple sexual partners; guardianship and condom use; guardianship and transactional sex.Conclusion : The revealed significant high risk sexual behaviour among adolescents in KwaZulu-Natal should inform Health and educational authorities to utilize these key findings to design more effective local strategies to train and assist parents and caregivers on parenting skills

How is parental psychological control associated with adolescent mental health in economically disadvantaged areas? The serial mediating role of psychological reactance and problematic smartphone use.

Adolescent mental health has been an issue of global concern, and the mental health of adolescents in economically disadvantaged areas may require additional research. The research delves into factors associated with economically disadvantaged areas' adolescent mental health, employing family systems theory, self-determination theory, and psychological reactance theory. Specifically, the present study which was done in Jingzhou country, an economically disadvantaged area of Hunan Province, China, aimed to examine the link between parental psychological control and adolescent mental health, as well as the mediating roles of psychological reactance and problematic smartphone use in this relationship. A sample of 1300 Chinese middle school students (620 girls, mean age = 14.22 ± 1.29) completed self-reported measures of parental psychological control, psychological reactance, problematic smartphone use, and adolescent mental health. Results showed that parental psychological control was negatively associated with adolescent mental health. Psychological reactance and problematic smartphone use mediated the association between parental psychological control and adolescent mental health, separately and serially. The findings of the present study enrich the literature on parenting styles and adolescent mental health in economically disadvantaged areas, and this provides an intervention perspective to reduce the negative impact of poor parenting on adolescent mental health in economically disadvantaged areas.

Factors affecting the nutritional status of toddlers between the ages of 12-59 months in the workplace of UPTD Puskemas Batu Kambing

Nutritional problems in children at this time are still high. Malnutrition will have an impact on the development and growth of children. The purpose of this study is to find out the Factors Related to the Nutritional Status of Toddlers Aged 12 – 59 Months in the Working Area of the UPTD Batu Kambing Health Center in 2023. The type of research used is quantitative with a crosssectional research design. The population is all mothers who have toddlers aged 12-59 months totaling 610 with a sample of 86 people. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. This research has been carried out in March – April 2023 at the UPTD Batu Kambing Health Center. The data used were primary data and secondary data, namely by conducting interviews with respondents, univariate and bivariate data analysis using the Chi-Square test. The results of the study were less than half, namely 21 respondents (24.4%) who experienced malnutrition, 36 respondents (41.9%) who had a low level of knowledge, 28 respondents (32.6%) with poor parenting and 37 respondents (43.0%) who had a history of infectious diseases. The results of the statistical test showed that the relationship between knowledge and nutritional status was obtained with a value of p = 0.005 (p < 0.05), parenting style with nutritional status was obtained with a value of p = 0.003 (p < 0.05) and the relationship between history of infectious diseases and nutritional status was obtained with a value of p = 0.007 (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge, parenting, eating and history of infectious diseases with the nutritional status of toddlers aged 12 – 59 months at the UPTD Batu Kambing Health Center in 2023. It is recommended to health workers to provide counseling on nutrition and the provision of PMT to undernourished children and to mothers to increase maternal knowledge about nutrition and improve maternal parenting by learning how to feed children.

Effects of Drug Abuse on the Academic Performance of Students of Selected Tertiary Institutions in Lagos, Nigeria

Drug abuse has become an international phenomenon, a torn in the flesh of nations across the globe. It has been identified as one of the precarious vices; an impediment to the academic excellence of students of tertiary institutions; and a threat to the future of the Nigerian nation. The task of the paper was to interrogate the effects of drug abuse on the academic performance of students of selected tertiary institutions in Lagos, Nigeria. A quantitative method of data collection was employed to get the task of the paper done. The work adopted social learning theory as its theoretical framework. The study found peer group pressure, experimental curiosity, remedy for low self-esteem, poor parenting and influence of role models among others as root causes of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The finding revealed that the rise of drug abuse among the students of higher institutions of learning in Nigeria is at an alarming rate; by implication, absenteeism from school activities, loss of memory, lack of seriousness in academic work, declining grades, increased potential for dropping out of school and suspension from school to mention a few are attributed to drug abuse. The study concluded by recommending a peer education intervention strategy, enactment of laws to discourage drug abuse, inclusion of mandatory drug education in all educational programs, constant monitoring of students by parents, and setting up of guidance and counselling offices across the campuses. Constant awareness programmes about the effects of drug abuse on academic achievement are also appropriate.

Impact of immigrant-related stress on mental health among Mexican-origin families: Implications for a shifting and complex immigration climate.

Latinx immigrant families may face stressful experiences premigration, en route to the host country, and once they arrive in the host country (postmigration). The present study examines the impact of premigration stress and postmigration stress (together defined as immigrant-related stress) on the mental health of Mexican-origin parents and their children using both cross-sectional and longitudinal methodology. Data collection across four timepoints occurred from 2013 to 2018. At Time 1, 104 families were enrolled in the study and met the following criteria: (1) At least one Mexican-origin immigrant parent; (2) One child between the ages of 6-10 years; and (3) Family income at or below 150% of the federal poverty line. Hierarchical multiple regression and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) were used to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal data, respectively. HLM models revealed that higher postmigration stress over time (2013-2018) was related to higher mental health problems among parents and children. Higher premigration stress was associated with higher parent-reported child mental health problems, while postmigration stress was associated with higher parent mental health problems. Specifically, discrimination emerged as a salient factor of poor parent mental health. Immigrant-related stress was related to higher total parent and child mental health problems. This study demonstrates the strong impact of postmigration stress on mental health over the span of several years and during a time of heightened stress for many Mexican immigrant communities. The results inform the need for family-wide interventions that address the complexities of immigrant-related stress as well as comprehensive policy changes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Exploration of Factors Influencing Early Marriage in Adolescents: A Literature Review

A phenomenon that often occurs in lower middle economic circles is early marriage. Early marriage can threaten the health and well-being of the couples involved. Not only does it affect health aspects, but it also impacts psychological, social and spiritual aspects. Mental instability in running a household can lead to divorce and domestic violence. This research aimed to explore which factors play a major role in early marriage, especially among adolescents. Using a systematic literature review with keyword “Teenagers AND early marriage AND Factor Influencing” which had a limit criteria of 2019-2024, using English and Indonesian Language, qualitative research design, and full txt. There were 2079 articles SAGE, Portal Garuda, Neliti, and Google Scholar databases and were re-screnned to obtain a total of 7 journals based on inclusion and exclusion criteria with PRISMA Flow 2020 guidelines. Early marriage is caused by external and internal factors. External factors include socio-economic factors, cultural norms, low level of education, poor parenting while internal factors include love, the desire to be accepted in society life, and new opportunities in life.

Poor Parent Mental Health May Worsen Pediatric Chronic Pain: Two Reviews and Meta-analyses

Poor Parent Mental Health May Worsen Pediatric Chronic Pain: Two Reviews and Meta-analyses

THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNICATION IN CREATING HOUSEHOLD HARMONY IN ACEH BARAT DISTRICT

Family harmony is a state where family members are united, each member fulfills their rights and obligations, affection is fostered, and mutual understanding, dialogue, and cooperation are well established, resulting in physical and spiritual well-being. This study aims to understand communication patterns in creating a harmonious household, analyze communication aspects influencing household harmony, and identify obstacles in creating a harmonious household. This research uses qualitative methods, where the researcher comprehensively examines the facts in the field according to the focus of the problem. The data obtained is then analyzed, presented, and discussed. Accurate and reliable data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results of the study indicate that (1) communication patterns that can create household harmony include interpersonal communication, mutual trust and understanding, direct communication, and gentle communication; (2) communication aspects affecting household harmony include communication patterns and adjustments, the busyness of both spouses, financial issues, poor parenting, and lack of mutual trust. On the other hand, poor and ineffective communication results in household disharmony, as communication within the household is the main element for expressing all household life issues, and everything must be communicated openly and transparently. (3) obstacles to creating a harmonious household include poor communication, family aspects, economic aspects, infidelity, and lack of cooperation in nurturing, caring for, and guiding children. The responsibility for children is entirely handed over to the wife. At the same time, the husband only focuses on earning a living, thinking he must provide financially without assisting with household affairs. However, in maintaining a household, cooperation in all matters is essential.

Stunting Prevention Strategy Through Increasing Community Participation Based on Gender Mainstreaming

This article, "Strategy for Stunting Prevention Through Increasing Community Participation" is based on the "Gender Mainstreaming" Study in Kaliau Village, Sajingan Besar district, Sambas regency. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Our findings indicate that the causes of stunting in children in Kaliau village are inadequate nutrition, low-quality sanitation, poor reproductive health conditions, and decision-making skills, limited health service facilities, relatively low education level of both mothers and fathers and subsequent poor parenting skills. The form of participation carried out by the community is generally vertical in nature, where most child-caring and rearing responsibilities are shouldered by mothers, and fathers' involvement is still very low. We suggest the need to improve educational activities for community health and sanitation, parenting skills, nutritional education on healthy eating patterns for infants, pregnant women, and nursing mothers, and to increase the involvement of men as fathers and posyandu cadres. Furthermore, we need to provide adequate health-service facilities and infrastructure for every community, vitalize the Youth Family Development program (B.K.R.), and improve the coordination among local stakeholders in the area. Lastly, adequate remuneration should be provided for posyandu cadres to help them work more effectively.

FREQUENCY OF CHILD TRAFFICKING AND FORCED LABOUR: INVESTIGATING THE PREDISPOSING FACTOR IN CHILDREN’S EDUCATION

The study determined the frequency at which children trafficking and child forced labour activities are being practiced in Osun State, and examined the vulnerability of children trafficked and exposed to forced labour in the study area. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Primary data (quantitative and qualitative) involving the use of questionnaire and in-depth interview guide are sourced. In-depth interview was held with 10 senior members of the Ministry of Women Affairs and Child Development (MWACD), Director General, Deputy/Assistant Director General and Confidential Secretary of National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Person (NAPTIP) and One Divisional Police Officer (DPO). For the quantitative data, 240 copies of semi-structured questionnaire were administered to respondents selected through convenience sampling, from 12 locations in the three senatorial districts. Three instruments were used for the study; namely Forced labour Activities Checklist (CLAC) Osun State Child Trafficking and Labour Control Regulation Questionnaire (CLCRQ) for vulnerability indicators and Detection Strata Interview Guide (DS-IG). The data collected were analysed using appropriate inferential and descriptive analysis. Findings on the frequency at which child trafficking and child forced labour activities are being practiced in Osun State revealed that The Child Acts Law has a stake in ensuring that the menace is reduced. Also, the Osun State government is making effort to bring about a drastic reduction to the issues such as awareness and time-to-time sensitization. Results on the factors predisposing children into vulnerability Osun State revealed that factors such as poverty (x ̅ =1.30), poor parenting (x ̅ =1.32), ignorance / illiteracy (x ̅ =1.35), and parental economic benefits from the act (x ̅ =1.59) frequently predispose children into vulnerability of child trafficking and forced labour in Osun State. The study concluded that child trafficking and forced labour are prevalent and frequent practices in Osun State.Keywords: Child; Trafficking; Forced Labour; Predisposing; Pre-School

Human service professionals’ observations of suboptimal parenting: Barriers to intervention and potential solutions

This study was designed to learn about the types of sub-optimal parenting observed by human service professionals and the barriers they faced in moving from being a bystander to an intervenor on behalf of children. Twenty-four human service professionals participated in an in-depth audio interview about the types of poor parenting they observed and the barriers they perceived to their intervening. Using an inductive grounded theory approach, a set of themes were identified based on the content of the interviews. Teams of coders independently coded statements extracted from the transcripts according to these themes and subthemes (average kappa = 0.80). Seven types of problematic parenting were mentioned (physical aggression, verbal aggression and rejection threats, lack of supervision, poor parental coping, interfering with a child abuse investigation, and imposing their own needs on the child) along with five main categories of barriers to intervention (role constraint, behavior not bad enough, bad timing, uncertain what to do, and fear of parental response). Human service professionals are in a position to observe parents engaging in behaviors that if persistent or severe would qualify as child maltreatment. Many do not intervene even though they are concerned about the impact of these parental behaviors on children. Agencies that provide human services to parents and children can benefit from providing their workers with enhanced training, support, and practice in intervening in ways that can feel helpful and respectful. In addition, they could engage in efforts to improve the environments and culture of their agencies to reduce parental stressors which are significant triggers for poor parenting.

ADHD 아동의 부모상담에서 비효과적인 상담과정에 대한 근거이론 연구

The purpose of this study is to explore ineffective counseling processes with ADHD children’s parents and related barriers. Thirteen counselors who had counseling experience with ADHD children and their parents were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. As a result, nine categories and 20 subcategories were identified. Parents’ cognitive or emotional difficulties, family conditions that cause poor parenting, and insufficient social support were found as causal or contextual conditions. Low motivation for changes was identified as a central phenomenon which, in turn, generated negative responses to counseling and poor counseling alliance. Counselors’ competence, counter-transference management, and counseling facility were identified as intervening conditions. Based on these findings, implications to prevent potentially harmful counseling were discussed.

THE ORIGIN OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR IN THE CONTEXT OF DEVELOPMENTAL RISK FACTORS

Research on the complexity of human nature and crime has always captured the attention of the entire social community, constantly grappling with these challenges. Numerous scientific studies have dealt with the origins of criminal behavior and the explanation of crime. Since the beginning of the 19th century, broad scientific perspectives have ranged from considering crime as an inevitable derivative of general poverty, unemployment, and poor parenting and/or as a symptom of individual psychological deficits, to the standpoint that crime is attributed to social conditions. Today, the origins of criminal behavior are considered in the context of biological factors, learning and situational factors, and primarily developmental risk factors (risk factors of the social environment, risk factors associated with parents and family, psychological risk factors), which are the focus of this work. This paper aims to examine the implications of the complex interactions of these developmental factors and their role in the origin of criminal behavior.

‘LOOBAN’: A MULTIPLE-CASE STUDY ON DELINQUENCY OF TEENAGERS SHAPED BY DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILIES

Young people engage in delinquent behavior. It covers crimes against persons, crimes against things, crimes against public order, and drug offenses. Delinquent behavior is, therefore, an unmanageable activity that affects the community. This research presents the different experiences of three delinquent teenagers whose dysfunctional families shaped them in a community called “Sitio Looban” in the Philippines. This study utilized a qualitative multiple-case study to understand and describe the different stories of each participant-case. The study sought to answer the research questions about the family factors that contribute to the delinquency of teenagers, their delinquent experiences, and their feelings and thoughts as delinquent teenagers. The researchers used an in-depth interview to gather the necessary data from the informants. Within-case and cross-case analysis were used to analyze the data, wherein emerging themes were created to describe the family factors that contributed to the delinquency of the teenagers, which include broken family, poor parenting, home discord vis-à-vis peer influence, child neglect, poor family, and family binge drinking. Emerging themes were also created to discuss the delinquent experiences of teenagers, which involve theft, using counterfeit money, and gambling cheating. There were also emerging themes created to describe the feelings and thoughts of the delinquent teenagers, which include: unconditional love and support, happiness towards friendship, regrets, fear, embarrassment, and hatred and anger. This study supports the Strain Theory and Social Control Theory, which explain that negative relationships with family lead to delinquent behaviors in teenagers. Implications for practice and future researchers are provided in this paper.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0737/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Parenting Ibu-Ibu Melalui Kegiatan Penyuluhan Dalam Pencegahan Stunting Dusun Jengglong Desa Tegalweru

Poor parenting has a risk of being stunted 8 times greater than research subjects with good parenting Stunting is a lack of nutrition in children that disrupts child growth. According to the 2019 Social and Nutrition Survey of Indonesian Toddlers (SSGBI) reported that the prevalence rate of stunted children in Indonesia was 27.3%, this stunting prevalence rate has decreased in 2022. This study aims to increase parenting knowledge in preventing stunting. This study used a quasi-experimental type of research with the pretest-postest method. This study tested this research design to determine the level of knowledge of respondents before being given the intervention and after being given the intervention and to find out more accurate results related to the effective success of parenting counseling in preventing stunting. The results of this study were an increase in knowledge of the correct percentage before counseling of 72% and increased after counseling to 89%.

Pediatrician perspectives on barriers and facilitators to discharge instruction comprehension and adherence for parents of children with medical complexity.

High rates of posthospitalization errors are observed in children with medical complexity (CMC). Poor parent comprehension of and adherence to complex discharge instructions can contribute to errors. Pediatrician views on common barriers and facilitators to parent comprehension and adherence are understudied. To examine pediatrician perspectives on barriers and facilitators experienced by parents in comprehension of and adherence to inpatient discharge instructions for CMC. We conducted a qualitative, descriptive study of attending pediatricians (n = 20) caring for CMC in inpatient settings (United States and Canada) and belonging to listservs for pediatric hospitalists/complex care providers. We used purposive/maximum variation sampling to ensure heterogeneity (e.g., hospital, region). A multidisciplinary team designed and piloted a semistructured interview guide with pediatricians who care for CMC. Team members conducted semistructured interviews via phone or video call. Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed. We analyzed transcripts using content analysis; codes were derived a priori from a conceptual framework (based on the Pediatric Self-Management Model) and a preliminary transcript analysis. We applied codes and identified emerging themes. Pediatricians identified three themes as barriers and facilitators to discharge instruction comprehension and adherence: (1) regimen complexity, (2) access to the healthcare team (e.g., inpatient team, outpatient pediatrician, home nursing) and resources (e.g., medications, medical equipment), and (3) need for a family centered and health literacy-informed approach to discharge planning and education. Next steps include the assessment of parent perspectives on barriers and facilitators to discharge instruction comprehension and adherence for prents of CMC and the development of intervention strategies.