Poor Oral Hygiene Status Research Articles

AFFECTING FACTORS DENTAL AND ORAL HYGIENE STATUS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Background: Schizophrenia sufferers generally have poor oral hygiene status, this is because schizophrenic sufferers experience cognitive limitations and the ability to think rationally, resulting in an inability to perform oral hygiene. Research that explores external factors related to dental and oral hygiene status in schizophrenia is still very limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that influence dental and oral hygiene status in schizophrenia. Method. This research is an analytical observation with a cross sectional approach in the work area of ??the Aceh Mental Hospital. The population in this study was all health workers in the schizophrenia room at the Aceh Mental Hospital, totaling 135 people. The sample was taken by purposive sampling, totaling 57 people, the sample size was determined using the TaroYamane formula. Results. This research shows that the level of knowledge and attitude of room health workers is in the good category, but the dental and oral hygiene status of schizophrenic sufferers is still in the poor category, namely 51.3% and 52.3% with a P value > 0.05 which shows that despite their knowledge and The attitude of health workers is in the good category but is not reflected in the dental and oral hygiene status of schizophrenia sufferers. Conclusion. There was no significant relationship between the knowledge and attitude of health workers in the room and the status of dental and oral hygiene in schizophrenia patients.

Comparative Evaluation of Herbal Versus Non-herbal Dentifrice in Maintaining Oral Health of Young Adults.

Dental plaque may be attributed as a precursor to various oral health problems like dental caries, periodontal disease, halitosis, etc. With an ever-increasing awareness about the adverse effects of chemical formulations, emphasis is now being laid on the usage of herbal ingredients, as they are safer for long-term use in addition to their medicinal benefits. The present study aims to assess the anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory efficacy of herbal toothpaste compared to synthetic toothpaste among 20-40-year-old patients in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. In this study, 130 subjects aged between 20 and 40 years with poor oral hygiene status and signs of gingival inflammation corresponding with chronic marginal gingivitis were selected. Subjects in Group 1 were prescribed herbal toothpaste (KUDOS Ayurveda), whereas patients in Group 2 were administered non-herbal toothpaste. Clinical parameters of gingival health specifically gingival index (GI), patient hygiene performance (PHP), and approximate plaque index (API) were recorded at baseline, 14 days, 28 days, and 42 days. Chi-square test, student-independent t-test, and paired t-test were performed to find significant differences in various variables between the two groups at different follow-up visits. At the end of the study, a significant reduction in GI and API scores was obtained, along with increased PHP scores.The p-value was set at 0.05, and the power of the study was set at 0.95. There was a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in GI and API and an improvement in PHP scores at various time intervals in Group 1 as compared to Group 2. Conclusion: Regular application of herbal extract dentifrices for 42 days provided a significant reduction of dental plaque and improvement in overall gingival health without any adverse effects. This instilled motivation in the patients to uphold proper oral hygiene. Hence, herbal dentifrices could be prescribed as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in the maintenance phase.

Prevalence of Pregnancy Tumor in Tripoli, Libya: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Background and objectives. Pyogenic granuloma (pregnancy tumor) is one of the gingival inflammatory changes with an increased incidence during pregnancy. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of pregnancy tumors in pregnant Libyan women in Tripoli, Libya. Methods. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, pregnant Libyan women were assessed at the National Heart Center-Tajoura, Jalaa Maternity Hospital, and Tripoli University Hospital during the period from August to November 2023. Data were collected through interviewing and clinical examination of the participants and filling out a data form. Results. During four months period, of 402 pregnant Libyan women, 4 (1.0%) were clinically diagnosed with pregnancy tumors. The four cases were in their third trimester of pregnancy. Half (50%) of pregnancy tumor cases were more than 30 years old, and the other half (50%) were early 20 years old. The gingiva was the only site of the lesions, and were observed equally in the maxilla and the mandible. All pregnancy tumor cases have calculus on their teeth, bleeding gums, and poor oral hygiene status. All lesions were sessile had lobulated surfaces, and showed spontaneous and provoked bleeding. Conclusions. Although the results of this study indicate that the prevalence of pregnancy tumors in pregnant Libyan women is considered low (1.0%), oral health education programs are very important during pregnancy, and if pregnant women notice any abnormal growth during pregnancy in their mouth, they should consult a dentist.

Analysis of mutational variations in TP53 tumour suppressor gene among Pakistani head and neck cancer patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of TP53 mutation among Pakistani head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who visited Nishtar Hospital Multan and Nishtar Institute of Dentistry (NID), Multan, Pakistan. While significant research has been conducted on the role of p53 in HNC throughout the world, this study is the first of its kind in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 242 samples (121 cases and 121 controls) were collected from Nishtar Hospital Multan and NID, Multan, Pakistan. After histopathological analysis to determine the stage type and grade of malignancy, DNA extraction and sequencing were carried out to assess any mutations in the TP53 region (exons 5-8). Genetic screening was performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique and Chromas 2.6.6 was used to visualise the sequencing results. The mean age of cases was 50.73 ±16.41 years and controls were 37.55 ± 15.51 years. The frequency of HNC was higher in male patients (65.28%) than in female patients (34.71%). Overall, this cancer was found to be significantly more prevalent in the age group of >35-55 years (p < 0.001). Smoking (51% versus 14%), naswar usage (15.7% versus 6.6%), poor oral hygiene (52.9% versus 29.8%) and anemic status (57.0% versus 4.1%) were significantly associated with cases (p ≤ 0.05) compared to controls. Only 04 samples exon 5 (1 sample), exon 7 (2 samples) and exon 8 (1 sample) with changed mobility patterns were found on the SSCP gel. All mutations were missense and heterozygous. Out of four mutant samples, three mutations were in the hotspot regions (codon 175, 245 and 248) of p53. Based on this study, there may be a weak association between the TP53 exon 5-8 mutation and HNC patients in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Dental caries, oral hygiene status and deleterious habits among migrant construction workers of Belagavi, India.

Occupation significantly influences oral health, with factors like the work environment, stress levels, access to dental care, and job-related habits playing crucial roles. The oral health of construction workers, especially migrant workers, is a noteworthy concern. Understanding the oral health of this population is crucial for enhancing their quality of life through various means. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status, and deleterious habits in this occupational group of Belagavi district, Karnataka. Study design was cross-sectional in nature. Before commencement of the study a pilot study was conducted. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed, and 610 participants were recruited for the study. Trained and calibrated examiners recorded WHO dentition status and treatment needs (2013) and Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S). Collected data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis. The prevalence of dental caries among construction workers was significantly high (81%), and poor oral hygiene was observed among 36.9% of them. The prevalence of smoking, the tobacco chewing habit, and alcohol consumption among the construction workers was found to be 21.6%, 59.9%, and 37.3%, respectively. The dependence of OHI-S and DMFT on predictors (age, gender and deleterious habits) was found to be 21.5% and 39.6%, respectively. Migrant construction workers in Belagavi had a high caries prevalence, poor oral hygiene status, and a high prevalence of deleterious habits such as tobacco use. These results emphasize the necessity of awareness and dental health education programs to improve the oral health of construction workers.

Oral hygiene practices and status of stroke patients attending an outpatient clinic in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Background: There may be an impairment of oral self-care post-stroke which may compromise oral hygiene and health. However, there is paucity of information on oral hygiene and oral health status of stroke patients in Nigeria.&#x0D; Objective: To assess the oral hygiene and health status of stroke outpatients.&#x0D; Method: A cross-sectional study of stroke patients attending the neurology outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria was conducted. Data on sociodemographic variables and oral health behaviour was obtained. Each patient was examined to determine the oral hygiene status using the Simplified Oral Hygiene index, DMFT index for the status of caries, Modified gingival index for the presence or absence of gingival disease and Modified Rankin score for functional impairment&#x0D; Results: There were 120 participants with a mean age of 60.30±13.21 years. Poor oral hygiene status was found in 29.7% while 28.8% had good oral hygiene status. The mean DMFT was 1.37±2.672. Dental caries was seen in 48/120 (40%) while 28 (23.3%) had gingival diseases. A modified Rankin score of 3-5 was independently associated with poor oral hygiene status (OR 1.367; 95% CI 1.020-1.832; p=0.036).&#x0D; Conclusion: Poor oral hygiene status is common in patients with stroke and the risk of this is higher in those with poor functional status. Oral health status should be considered in the holistic rehabilitation of stroke patients.&#x0D;

Oral Health and Lifestyle Factors in Rural Adults of Jharkhand, India.

There is a lack of health care facilities and poor oral health awareness among the rural adult population of Jharkhand which may significantly influence oral health status and lifestyle scores. To assess the oral hygiene status, lifestyle factors, and various risk factors associated with poor lifestyle scores in the rural adult population of Jharkhand. This cross-sectional study included 400 rural adults (35-44 years) populations. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect sociodemographic data and data on oral hygiene practices. Lifestyle factors were assessed using Health Practice Index (HPI). Oral health status was assessed using the oral health assessment proforma provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). A significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) prevalence of tobacco consumption was reported by males (94.0%) compared to females (4.0%). The males (54.0%) reported significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) poor lifestyle scores compared to females (38.0%). A significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) number of oromucosal lesions (13.0%) was found in males compared to females (1.0%). There was a significant difference (p value < 0.0001) in the oral hygiene status between males and females with majority of males (60.0%) having poor oral hygiene. A bivariate analysis was performed, and unadjusted odds ratio was computed. The factors that became significant were then entered into logistic regression model (enter method). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that education (OR = 0.3, p value = 0.003), systemic diseases/long-term medication (OR = 2.9, p value = 0.004), tobacco consumption (OR = 2.9, p value = 0.006), oral hygiene status (OR = 2.4, p value = 0.007), and dental caries (OR = 2.9, p value = 0.004) were significant predictors of poor lifestyle scores. The rural adult population in Jharkhand has poor oral hygiene status and poor lifestyle scores. It is important to raise awareness regarding good oral hygiene and the negative effects of tobacco consumption. The dental visit should be encouraged, and the concept of preventive care needs to be instilled.

Oral health related quality of life in head and neck cancer survivors within the first year following treatment: a cross-sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan

After completing treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), patients often face oral complications like oral pain, limited mouth opening and dry mouth which significantly reduce their oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL). These issues impact their overall well-being, social activities and long-term survival. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate OHRQoL and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and oral clinical parameters such as oral hygiene status and oral mucositis grade in patients who have completed treatment for head and neck cancer. This cross-sectional study involved 79 HNC-treated patients within first year after completion of cancer treatment attending ENT and dental clinics at outpatient department (OPD) setting in Karachi. Data was collected electronically using structured questionnaire comprising of EORTC QLQ H&N – 35 to measure OHRQoL, patients were also examined for oral hygiene status using oral hygiene index- simplified (OHI-s) and oral mucositis grade using WHO oral mucositis scale. Multiple linear regression was used to test OHRQoL associations with the sociodemographic and different clinical factors. The result showed an overall mean score for oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of 25.02 ± 15.86 (95% CI 21.46–28.57), with difficulty in mouth opening 53.16 ± 18.88 and dry mouth 45.14 ± 24.48 being predominant concerns for decline in the OHRQoL in the population. Male predilection was observed among participants n = 60 (75.9%), majority of the participants n = 41 (51.9%) were below 52 years of age. n = 63 (80%) participants received radiotherapy alongside surgery and chemotherapy. Most of participants n = 66 (83.5%) experienced moderate to severe oral mucositis with poor oral hygiene status n = 56 (71%). Significant associations were found between OHRQoL and BMI, OH status, marital status, monthly income, gender and fluoride toothpaste (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that Quality of Life (QoL) among HNC treated patients is negatively impacted by their poor oral health, post cancer treatment. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and modify the current treatment modalities and involve multidisciplinary teams, to improve their OHRQoL thereby enhancing overall QoL.

Dental Care Evaluation Among Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Special School Survey in Karachi

Background: Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) face malfunctioning in the motor system and go through difficulties in hearing, eating, sight, and musculoskeletal systems and are also mentally impaired. This may render them unable to maintain proper oral hygiene. The objective of this study was to evaluate oral hygiene in children with cerebral palsy in Karachi’s special schools. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a total of 80 CP children was conducted in special schools in Karachi using a purposive sampling technique. CP children aged 12-15, who consented via guardians/school and were able to comply with the procedure were included. CP children on medications or systemic diseases were excluded. Proforma containing demographic details, and dental history questions were asked. Oral examination was done using the Plaque index, Gingival index, and Oral hygiene index simplified was observed. Results: In this study, there were 48 (60%) males and 32 (40%) females. The mean ± SD of age was 14.4 ±1.4. Independent t-test showed that there was a significant association of gingival index means with the institutes selected (p=0.004). The other parameters PI and OHIS did not show any association. Mean PI (mean 1.99, SD 0.62) and GI (mean 1.9, SD 0.60) showed moderate plaque and gingival inflammation and poor oral hygiene index (mean 3.31, SD 1.3). ANOVA showed associations of PI, GI &amp; and OHIS with dental habits. Conclusion: CP children have poor oral hygiene status and therefore need early diagnosis and prompt treatment to prevent complications.

Effectiveness of tooth brushing training for parents with special needs children

Background: Special needs children (SNC) have poor oral hygiene status than normal children. Tooth brushing is the most efficient mechanical method to improve dental hygiene in SNC. SNC has difficulties in performing tooth brushing due to their limitation, family support is needed to empower SNC to perform oral hygiene activities. The aim of this study is to asses the effectiveness of toothbrushing training in parents with SNC to decrease plaque index compare to parents who were not trained Method: This study used quasy experimental with non-equivalent control group design. The subjects of this study were 28 students with special needs at SLB Negeri Purwosari Kudus. Data analisys using paired samples t test. Result: The result showed that average plaque index of SNC before tooth brushing training in their parents was 3,297 and after the intervention the average plaque index decrease to 2,401. SNS plaque index decreased by 27% and statistically proven with p value &lt;0,0001 (p &lt;0,05). Conclusion: there is a significant influence of tooth brushing training in parents with SNC on the decreasing of SNC plaque index. Keyword: special needs children, tooth brushing training, plaque index

Prevalence of Dental Caries and Predisposing Factors in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Prevalence of Dental Caries and Predisposing Factors in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of&#x0D; Port Harcourt&#x0D; Background: Dental caries is a common oral health disease of global interest. The burden of thedisease and predisposing factors must be determined before a preventive programme could bedesigned, but relevant data from community-based studies are not common in Rivers State.Aims and Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and predisposing factorsto caries development in the Local Government Area (LGA).Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among adultresidents in Obio-Akpor LGA of Rivers State. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was usedto collect personal data and caries predisposing factors while oral examination was carried out todetermine caries severity and oral hygiene status using DMFT and OHI-S indexes respectively. Thesample size (240) was determined using the formula for descriptive studies.Results: The mean (SD) age was 32(±1.113) years. Most of the participants were married, Ikwerres,skilled workers, earn &amp;lt;100dollar and most had secondary education. Most seldom/never use tobaccoproducts. Most ate fresh fruits every day or several times a week and most also ate cariogenic dietevery day or several times a day. Most use fluoride toothpaste once a day and most do not use floss.Most have never seen a dentist. The prevalence of untreated caries was 64.2%. DMFT score=0.91(very low). The OHI-S = 3.3. (&amp;gt;3 indicates poor OHI).Conclusions: The DMFT index was low while OHI-S was high. Poor oral hygiene status, oralhealthcare utilization and cariogenic diets predisposed the participants to caries.Key words: Caries, prevalence, predisposing factors, prevention

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN STATUS KARIES WARGA MUHAMMADIYAH KARANGTENGAH, IMOGIRI, BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA

Dental and oral health knowledge is still lacking so there are still many dental and oral diseases that are suffered by the community. Lack of knowledge about this causes poor oral hygiene status and caries status. Educational activities about dental and oral health as well as simple dental health care are beneficial for increasing dental and oral health care and awareness in the community. A social service is a form of community service that aims to increase knowledge of the importance of dental and oral health to residents. This activity uses counselling techniques, and dental health care services, and ends with DHE (Dental Health Education). DHE is to provide an understanding that contains directions on procedures for maintaining healthy teeth and mouth. Counselling was carried out at the Nurul Islam Mosque in Karangtengah Pimpinan Ranting Muhammadiyah (PRM) starting with a pre-test and post-test on knowledge of systemic diseases and their relation to oral health. The results showed that there was an amplification of the residents' knowledge, namely an increase of 7.7% as seen from the results of the post-test. The dental and mouth examination was attended by 97 members of Muhammadiyah Karangtengah consisting of 18 children, 40 adults and 39 elderly. Dental examination and treatment followed by DHE as a form of education given after treatment.

An Assessment of the Prevalence of Dental Caries, Oral Hygiene Status, Deft Index, and Oral Hygiene Habits Among Children With Special Healthcare Needs.

Background and objective Children with special healthcare needs are at an increased risk of oral health problems, including dental caries. Understanding the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status, deft(decayed, extracted, filled teeth) index, and oral hygiene habits in this population is crucial for effective oral healthcare planning and interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status, deft index, and oral hygiene habits among children aged 4-15 years with special healthcare needs in Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 124 children from various, government and non-governmental organizations (NGO)-run special schools. Data on dental caries, oral hygiene status, deft index, and oral hygiene habits were collected using standardized tools and techniques. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were used to analyze the data. Results The prevalence of dental caries among children with special healthcare needs was 65%. The severity of dental caries varied, with 40% classified as mild, 20% as moderate, and 5% as severe. Additionally, 75% of the children exhibited poor oral hygiene, as indicated by the oral hygiene status assessment. The mean deft index score was 2.8, indicating an average dental caries experience among the participants. Regarding oral hygiene habits, 60% reported brushing their teeth once a day, while 40% reported brushing twice a day. However, a significant proportion (70%) reported non-fluoride use, and 55% stated they did not perform regular flossing. Conclusion This study highlights a high prevalence of dental caries, poor oral hygiene status, and suboptimal oral hygiene habits among children with special healthcare needs inJodhpur District. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions focusing on preventive measures, oral health education, and improving access to oral healthcare for this vulnerable population. Further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal study designs is warranted to validate these findings and develop effective strategies for enhancing oral health outcomes in children with special healthcare needs.

TO DETERMINE DENTAL DEFECTS &amp; PERIODONTAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH CLEFT LIP &amp; CLEFT PALATE – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Introduction: The aim of this study will be to assess the prevalence of dental defects and periodontal status in Cleft patients up to 18 years old children in Rajasthan. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of hundred cleft patients in the study group and hundred patients in the control group of under 18 years of age. Clinical examination was performed on all the patients to detect dental defect using m-DDE index. Student's t-test was used to compare the means between cleft group and the control group. The Chi-square test was employed to determine statistical differences in frequencies between the two groups and also, we have evaluated the prevalence rate of dental defects according to their age criteria. Results: Poor oral hygiene and periodontal status was observed in cleft patients, respectively. In all tested dental defects, a higher frequency of dental anomalies was noted in the cleft patients as compared with the controls. There was also some signicant difference in dental anomalies according to their age variations. Conclusion: This study shows that cleft children have higher prevalence of dental anomalies than normal children. It's essential that the patient with a cleft is monitored closely with regular follow up. Education about oral health must be given repeatedly

Oral health-related quality of life and oral hygiene status among special need school students in amhara region, Ethiopia

BackgroundOral conditions remain a substantial population health challenge worldwide. Poor oral health affects the quality of life as a result of pain or discomfort, tooth loss, impaired oral functioning, disfigurement, missing school time, loss of work hours, and sometimes even death. This study assessed the magnitude of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and oral hygiene status and associated factors among special needs school students in the Amhara region.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to April 2021 in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. A total of 443 randomly selected special needs students were included. A structured pretested interview-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Bivariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to identify the factors associated with oral hygiene status. The statistical significance of differences in mean OHIP-14 scores was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations rank and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsAlmost half 46.6% (95% CI: 42.1%, 51.4%) of the study participant had poor oral hygiene status. The median OHIP-14 score was 16 with an interquartile range from 14 to 20. The highest score was for functional limitation (mean: 1.45 (SD ± 0.70)) and the lowest score was for psychological disability (mean: 1.08 (SD ± 0.45)). Mother education, frequency of taking sugared foods, and the types of disabilities were significant predictors of the poor oral hygiene status of special needs students in the Amhara region. The students living in Dessie had higher OHIP-14 scores compared to those living in other places (Gondar, Bahir Dar, and Debre Markos). The students who never brush their teeth had lower OHIP-14 scores than those who brush sometime and once a day. Whereas, students affiliated with the orthodox religion had lower OHIP-14 scores compared to those affiliated with all other religions (Catholic, Muslim, and Protestant).ConclusionA substantial amount of students with a disability had poor oral hygiene. The OHIP-14 scores indicated poor oral health-related quality of life. The study found that maternal education, frequency of taking sugared foods, and the types of disabilities were statistically significant factors associated with oral hygiene status.

Importance of Oral Hygiene in Orthodontic Treatment

Background: Orthodontic treatment involves the use of appliances such as braces or aligners to straighten teeth and improve bite. Maintaining good oral hygiene during treatment is crucial to prevent the development of dental caries and periodontal disease. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2018 and 2022. The search terms used included "orthodontic treatment," "oral hygiene," "dental caries," and "periodontal disease." Inclusion criteria for studies were: (1) written in English, (2) published in peer-reviewed journals, (3) focused on orthodontic treatment and oral hygiene, and (4) included original research. Exclusion criteria were: (1) case reports, (2) reviews or meta-analyses, (3) not focused on orthodontic treatment or oral hygiene. Results: A total of 28 studies were included in the systematic review. The majority of the studies were observational in nature and conducted on adolescent patients. The studies consistently demonstrated that poor oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment is associated with an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. Specifically, a poor oral hygiene status was found to be associated with a higher incidence of white spot lesions, gingivitis, and periodontitis during treatment with fixed appliances. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review demonstrate the importance of oral hygiene in orthodontic treatment. Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment should be educated about the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene to prevent the development of dental caries and periodontal disease. Dentists and orthodontists should closely monitor the oral hygiene status of their patients during treatment and provide appropriate interventions to improve oral hygiene and prevent the development of oral health complications.

Comparative Evaluation of the Oral Hygiene Status and Prevalence of Dental Caries in Hemophiliac and non-Hemophiliac Patients

Aim &amp; Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the oral hygiene status, caries experience, and prevalence of hemophiliac patients and non-Hemophilic controls. Material &amp; Methods: The present study was carried out on 600 participants. The study population was divided into two groups of 300 each i.e., the case Group (Hemophilics) and the Control Group (non-Hemophilic). Hemophilic patients were taken from Hemophilia Day Care Centre, Lol Nayak Hospital, Delhi, and PGIMS Hospital Rohtak. Controls were recruited from among the relatives who came along with the hemophilic patients. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire consisting of demographic details, knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding oral health maintenance. Patients were clinically examined for DMFT index and Oral Hygiene Index- Simplified to assess caries experience and oral hygiene status. The data were analyzed statistically. Results: Mean age for the Case Group and Control Group was 18.47±6.22 and 19.19±6.09 respectively. Amongst the study population, 89.7% were having hemophilia A while 10.3% had hemophilia B. 72.3% suffered from severe hemophilia while 0.7% had the mild form. The caries prevalence was higher among hemophiliacs (74%) than among non-hemophiliacs 67%. DMFT score was significantly higher among hemophiliacs [permanent dentition (2.47±2.69), Primary dentition (0.33±1.26). The mean debris, calculus and overall OHI score were significantly higher among hemophiliacs (1.69±0.60, 0.93±0.66 &amp; 2.63±1.07). Conclusion: Hemophiliacs have more Caries experience and poor oral hygiene status as compared to non-hemophiliacs Hemophiliacs patients are high-risk group, so they should be given more education and motivation about the importance of oral health care and preventive dental care such as fluoride varnish and fissure sealants should be delivered by professional at early stages.

Dental caries, oral hygiene status and treatment needs of fishermen and non-fishermen population in South Goa, India.

Occupation plays a major role in the well-being of an individual and has an influence on oral health. Fishing is one such occupation that entails a lot of physical labour and encourages habits that lead to poor oral health. Therefore, it is critical to shed light on the oral health of this isolated population to improve their quality of life by various means. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status and treatment needs of fisherman and non-fisherman population in South Goa, India. Study design was cross-sectional in nature. After a pilot study, multi-stage random sampling technique was employed and 400 study participants were recruited. World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form (1997) and Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) were used to record the study variables. Inter-examiner reliability assessed using Kappa statistics were found to be 90% and 88%, respectively. The data was analysed using descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear and logistic regression analysis. Fishermen had significantly higher caries prevalence (82%) and poor oral hygiene (46%) than non- -fishermen. Extraction (42.2%) and pulp care (23.6%) were the highest treatment need among fishermen. They were 2.08 times more prone to dental caries than non-fishermen. Fishermen who used a toothbrush were 4.5 times less susceptible to caries. The dependence of caries prevalence and OHI-S score on occupation, oral hygiene aid and age were 14% and 25.8%, respectively. Fishermen in South Goa had high caries prevalence, poor oral hygiene status and they required extensive dental treatment when compared to non-fishermen.

The prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among students living with disability in the Amhara region, Ethiopia.

People living with disability are more vulnerable to dental caries and have a high decayed, missed, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index and untreated dental disease than nondisabled individuals. In Ethiopia, there is a dearth of information on the oral health status of the disabled population. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its predictors among special needs school students in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was done on special needs school students in the Amhara region from November 2020 to April 2021. The study participants were recruited using a simple random sampling technique using a computer random generator. Data collection was done using the World Health Organization oral health survey tool. Data entry was done using Epi-data 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS 26. A logistic regression model was used to identify the possible predictors of dental caries. Four hundredandforty-three students with a mean age of 15.8 ± 3.8 were included in the study. The prevalence of dental caries was 41.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.3, 46.0) in permanent dentition with a mean DMFT score of 1.3 ± 1.6. The prevalence of dental caries in primary dentition was 23.1% (95% CI: 11.9, 32.1) with a mean decayed, missed, and filled primary teeth (dmft) score of 1.9 ± 0.2. Being 7-12 years old (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.6, 8.3), lower grade level (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI:1.3,4.4), poor oral hygiene status (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.8), and lack of parental supportduring tooth brushing (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.1) were independent predictors of dental caries. A significant amount of special needs school students in the study area had dental caries. Age, grade level, oral hygiene status, and lack of parent support during tooth brushing were independent predictors of dental caries.

Health Problems among School Children: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study at District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Background: Health status of school children and their school environment plays an important role in the development of physical and mental health, and good personnel behaviors had a significant role in future life of children. Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the frequency of health problems among school children of district Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Methodology: This study was conducted in district Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; Pakistan. A total of n=225 school children of age 4-12 years were selected and examined for health problems. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the health status of children regarding health problems. Results: Results showed that 45.56% of children had age &lt; 8 years; 54.44% had age &gt; 8 years; 81.33% of children parents had monthly income &lt; PKR: 45000; 56% children living in mud-made homes; and 46.675 were underweight. Moreover, 15.56% of children had eye discharge; 28.89% backache; 8.44% ear discharge; 16.445 earaches; 47.11% poor oral hygiene status; 60.44% were not using toothbrush; and 22.67% had dental caries. Furthermore, 41.33% had not clean their hair and not took bath within last 48 hours; and 32.89% had poor nail hygiene status for the past one week. Conclusions: It was concluded that school children had several medical health problems and showed relationship with hygiene status of children, tooth-brushing use and its frequency, parents monthly income, and body mass index of children and thus adequate preventive, promotive and behavioral strategies were needed to reduce health problems among school going children. Keywords: School Children, Health Status, Underweight, Eye, Ear, Hygiene, Income, Swat, Kohat.