Poor Harvest Research Articles

Enhancing agricultural cooperatives' resilience to food insecurity through cash injection: a case of the Kita circle in Mali

This study assessed the impact of emergency cash injections within Project Kita III during the challenging agricultural period of 2021 in the Kita Circle. Targeting vulnerable households and agricultural cooperatives, this study investigated the multifaceted dimensions influenced by these injections, ranging from distribution processes to the overall resilience and community engagement of beneficiaries. To conduct this research, a sample of 157 beneficiaries were chosen, with a predominant representation of women at 75.80%. The study employed a dual-pronged approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative insights gleaned from 10 focus group discussions. The findings of this study unveiled a significant positive impact on mitigating the repercussions of the poor harvest experienced in 2021. Notably, the emergency cash injections played a pivotal role in attenuating reduced crop yields and addressing food insecurity prevalent among the beneficiaries. By extending the duration of available food stocks within households, these injections effectively reduced the dependence on harmful survival strategies that were previously employed due to scarcity. Moreover, cash injections contributed to the amplification of community engagement within agricultural cooperatives. This enhancement in participation indicated a positive shift in the involvement of beneficiaries in cooperative organizations, fostering a sense of ownership and commitment to agro-ecological practices. While the assistance was acknowledged as relevant and beneficial, concerns regarding its adequacy were prevalent among the beneficiaries. Many expressed a desire for larger amounts of cash assistance, implying a potential gap between the actual received aid and the perceived need, emphasizing the continued vulnerability and need for further support. The study underscores the critical necessity of addressing the root causes of agricultural underperformance to ensure sustainable, long-term food security within these communities. It emphasizes that while emergency cash injections proved instrumental in addressing immediate challenges, they must be complemented with strategies that tackle the underlying issues affecting agricultural productivity. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential for these injections to strengthen the sustainability of Project Kita III by bolstering cooperative organizations, promoting ecologically sound agricultural practices, and fostering enduring community engagement. However, it identifies a need to mobilize internal resources within these cooperatives to ensure sustained success beyond the scope of external aid. Key words: Agriculture Cooperatives, Food insecurity, Resilience, Cash injection, Kita

Crop Monitoring System Using MODIS Time-Series Data for Within-Season Prediction of Yield and Production of US Corn and Soybeans

In terms of contribution to global food security, this study aimed to build a crop monitoring system for within-season yield prediction of US corn and soybeans by using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (time-series data, which consists of three essential core algorithms (crop phenology detection, early crop classification, and crop yield prediction methods)). Within-season predictions for 2018–2022 were then made to evaluate the perfor- mance of the proposed system by comparing it with the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) monthly forecasts and the fixed statistical data. The absolute percentage errors of the proposed system for predicting national-level yield and production were less than 5% for all simulation years as of day of year (DOY) 279. The prediction accuracy as of DOY 247 and DOY 279 were comparable to the USDA's forecasts. The proposed system would enable us to make a comprehensive understanding about overview of US corn and soybean crop condition by visualizing detail spatial pattern of good- or poor harvest regions on a within-season basis.

From Ambivalence to Accuracy: The Provisional Government’s Grain Registration in an Intermediary Province, Penza 1917

AbstractAmong the the existing studies of the 1917 food‐supply crisis none has examined in detail the role and impact of grain registration. This article fills that gap by investigating the implementation of grain registration in Penza province, thus adding to and complicating the increasingly decentered picture of food‐supply policy and its impact in 1917. This study asserts that a major turning point during 1917 was the poor Volga harvest, which contributed to the threat of a prolonged subsistence crisis in an intermediary province already enduring the collapse of critical resupply channels. In this context, initially ambivalent volost officials and peasants came to embrace grain registration in the post‐harvest period as a way to document a legitimate claim to receive grain. This article adds to our understanding of the variability of peasant agency exhibited during 1917. The main post‐harvest struggle was over competing interpretations of the registration process between volost and district officials. The latter were pressed by provincial and central superiors to increasingly utilize armed force, not to compel compliance with registration, but to hasten the delivery of grain to urban consumers. This study illustrates how the Provisional government’s turn to state violence to establish its procurement authority was a function of how its policies, combined with deteriorating local conditions, produced competing entitlements to grain. Rather than a continuum of crisis in which Provisional government food‐supply policies repeatedly exacerbated crisis by failing to overlap with local demands and provoked resistance among grain producers and consumers, a combination of state and non‐state factors produced an economic environment in which the interests of both volost officials and peasants were served by key features of the state grain monopoly, especially grain registration.

The Effect of Toxicity Stress on The Germination, Growth and Yield of Pennisetum glaucum (Var. Super Sosat)

The performance of the Pennisetum glaucum subjected to various concentrations of spent engine oil (0, 10mL, 20mL and 30mL) was the aim of this study. Twelve pots were used for the experiment arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicate each and a control. The data of each parameter (germination percentage, leaf length, leaf number, stem width, plant height and fruit weight) was subjected to analysis of variance using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test for mean separation. All the parameters considered were significantly affected by the increase in concentrations of spent engine oil in comparison to the control. Germination percentage was poor for 20mL and 30mL concentrations of spent engine oil (40% and 25% respectively) whereas 100% germination was observed for control and 10mL concentrations, though seedling emergence was faster in control than 10mL concentration of spent engine oil. The plant height, stem width, leaves number and fruit quality were observed to performed better in control and 10mL concentration of spent oil while in 20mL and 30mL concentrations, all parameters observed were poor in comparison to control. The heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) accumulation also increased with increased concentrations of spent engine oil applied which obviously was responsible for the toxicity effects such as wilting, chlorosis, stunted growth and poor fruits harvest observed. Therefore indiscriminate disposal of spent engine oil is a threat to the overall performance of P. glaucum and need to be checkmated to eliminate such negative impact on P. glaucum production.

Skillful U.S. Soy Yield Forecasts at Presowing Lead Times

Abstract Soy harvest failure events can severely impact farmers, insurance companies, and raise global prices. Reliable seasonal forecasts of misharvests would allow stakeholders to prepare and take appropriate early action. However, especially for farmers, the reliability and lead time of current prediction systems provide insufficient information to justify within-season adaptation measures. Recent innovations increased our ability to generate reliable statistical seasonal forecasts. Here, we combine these innovations to predict the 1–3 poor soy harvest years in the eastern United States. We first use a clustering algorithm to spatially aggregate crop producing regions within the eastern United States that are particularly sensitive to hot–dry weather conditions. Next, we use observational climate variables [sea surface temperature (SST) and soil moisture] to extract precursor time series at multiple lags. This allows the machine learning model to learn the low-frequency evolution, which carries important information for predictability. A selection based on causal inference allows for physically interpretable precursors. We show that the robust selected predictors are associated with the evolution of the horseshoe Pacific SST pattern, in line with previous research. We use the state of the horseshoe Pacific to identify years with enhanced predictability. We achieve high forecast skill of poor harvests events, even 3 months prior to sowing, using a strict one-step-ahead train-test splitting. Over the last 25 years, when the horseshoe Pacific SST pattern was anomalously strong, 67% of the poor harvests predicted in February were correct. When operational, this forecast would enable farmers to make informed decisions on adaption measures, for example, selecting more drought-resistant cultivars or change planting management. Significance Statement If soy farmers would know that the upcoming growing season will be hot and dry, they could decide to take anticipatory action to reduce losses, that is, buy more drought resistant soy cultivars or change planting management. To make such decisions, farmers would need information even prior to sowing. On these very long lead times, a predictable signal can emerge from low-frequency processes of the climate system that can affect surface weather via teleconnections. However, traditional forecast systems are unable to make reliable predictions at these lead times. In this work, we used machine learning techniques to train a forecast model based on these low-frequency components. This allowed us to make reliable predictions of poor harvest years even 3 months prior to sowing.

관찬 사료의 기사를 통해 본 조선후기 남한산성의 운영

Namhansanseong is the place where king Injo moved the royal court and stood against the Qing army as it invaded in December 1636(Injo 14th) until when he surrendered in January of the next year. It was assumed that there would rise conflicts because Joseon vowed vengeance for the loss to Qing. Moreover, it was thought that Qing couldn't last long since they consisted of barbarians and that there was a high chance to occur a war again when they should try to return to their home. Whether it was triggered by Joseon or Qing, the concern that it was possible to occur another clash between the two didn't fade in late Joseon. This thought made Namhansanseong seem to be an important defense base of the capital area in case of emergencies.
 In late Joseon, Namhansanseong meant the memories of war that both royals and people underwent together, the devotion of whom gave their lives for their country and king and the worries of the king and his subjects. Therefore, the royal court was much interested in the maintenance and extension of Namhansanseong. They kept track of how to fix and maintain the place, military recruitment and arrangement for protection and the storage and management of rations.
 For Namhansanseong was supposed to be the main base for the potential war, the repair of walls and the development of the defense system were constantly performed. Also, the system of gathering and managing people from nearby towns including Gwangju and the residing monks in the fortress was regularly organized. Additionally, storing rations was another important role of Namhansanseong. Its system was emphasized to be the general law for construction and personnel management of Bukhansanseong and Suwon Hwaseong.
 After mid-18th century, as Qing's policies settled down and the probabilities of war decreased, the role of Namhansanseong changed. With the increasing interest of the operation of stored rations, Namhansanseong was counted as a supplement of the national finance instead of a military base. The rations in Namhansanseong were distributed to and collected from Gwangju and nearby regions as Hwangok. But, due to poor harvest and corruption, it was difficult to maintain the standard quantity. Nevertheless, the actual amount wasn't low, so that the court members personally used it as a spare resource when needed. In the end, such uses increased so much to fabricate its existence in 19th century. During Sedojeongchi period, it was impossible to properly keep the rations in the fortress because of the three administrations' disorders.
 In the study, the contents of articles related to Namhansanseong from the official records in late Joseon are briefly categorized. Written in chronological order, it is possible to refer the records to understand how the status of Namhansanseong and its policy changed as time passed. The theme and the articles in the study are expected to be a basis for another full-scale research for the management of Namhansanseong and its status.

Macroeconomic Effects of Grain Price Volatility in Morocco

This paper investigate how cereal price volatility impacts import bill, tax revenue and foreign exchange reserves in Morocco. It uses GARCH family models to characterize the price and exchange rate volatility functions, ARDL model and Toda and Yamamoto's (1995) causality test to study respectively cointegration and causal relationship. Based on monthly data between January 1999 and December 2019, we find that 1% increase of price volatility and volatility-import leads to respectively increase the import bill by 0.07% and 16.7% on the long run. Meantime, the short-run estimates suggest that the effects of price volatility and the volatility-import level are negative meaning that the lagged value of these variables will have a positive impact on the next month's import bill. Thus, we assume that price volatility should be heavier on the import bill when the annual production is low. Our results also indicate that cereals price volatility can induce serious consequences because it directly causes an increase in the overall import bill and indirectly influences import tax revenues and foreign exchange reserves, especially when it is associated with a poor domestic harvest.

Ice Stupas. Ein Projekt zum Wassermanagement im Gebirgsraum

The essay goes into the prototype project called ‘Ice Stupa’. The project was realised in Ladakh (India), a territory in the Indian part of the Himalayas. Specifically, the project is located in the Indus Valley at an altitude of 3500 metres above sea level. Its location under the monsoon rains, behind the first great Himalayan Mountain range, makes the valley a natural high mountain desert. It is, therefore, scorched with little rainfall. The sun shines for about 360 days. The remaining glaciers provide water for living beings and agriculture. Due to the cold at these altitudes, the glaciers only begin to melt in May and only release sufficient water for cultivated land downstream. However, sowing and the start of growth should occur much earlier because plants grow much more slowly at this altitude. The result is an often poor harvest, which further impacts the already difficult living conditions of the Ladakhi people. The ‘Ice Stupa’ project represents an exciting water management solution when the virtuous management of natural resources is a crucial issue. The Ice Stupa system concretises the interaction between architecture and the environment. The essay also presents some projects realised in the Swiss Grisons.

Targeting hunger or votes? The political economy of humanitarian transfers in Malawi

Do electoral considerations play a role in the targeting of humanitarian transfers? We analyze the targeting of direct cash and food transfers distributed in Malawi in response to an exceptionally poor harvest following a late and erratic rainy season of 2015/16. Combining household survey data on transfers with a remotely sensed measure of drought and with the results of the 2014 and 2019 parliamentary elections, we show that transfers were disproportionately targeted at marginal constituencies. Rather than distributing the transfers based solely on need or mobilizing its tribal base, the government attempted to persuade swing voters to support its candidates in the next elections. We find no evidence that this strategy was successful at increasing the vote of ruling party candidates in subsequent elections.

The Heavenly Field: A Reconsideration of Mother Earth in the Æcerbot Rite

The Heavenly Field: A Reconsideration of Mother Earth in the <i>Æcerbot</i> Rite

Changing multi-scale spatiotemporal patterns in food security risk in China

Food security was not only an important cornerstone of China's national rejuvenation, but also a matter of achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. The spatial explicit and multi-scale comparative study of China's food security risk pattern was insufficient. Therefore, this study explored the spatio-temporal evolution and scale differences of food security risk pattern in China at micro- (pixel: 1km × 1 km), meso- (county) and macro (provincial) scales by constructing Food Security Risk Assessment models and Food Security Indexes (FSI) that were applicable to various scales, and provided theoretical basis and data support for the country and governments at all levels to formulate food security guarantee strategies. The results showed that the food security risk is quite different on different sides of Ejina-Longhai Line in 2018 at micro-scale. The food security situation in the area east of the Ejina-Longhai Line was generally good, while the area west of the Ejina-Longhai Line had higher food security risks. From 1990 to 2018, China's food security risks were spatially positively correlated and have significant global spatial agglomeration characteristics. In 1990, 2000 and 2018, the local spatial autocorrelation of food security risk at micro- and meso-level was similar. In the last decade of the 20th century, the food security situation in China showed a deteriorating trend due to the difference in the growth rate of total grain output and total population. Since the beginning of the 21st century, rapid increase in grain yields significantly reduced food security risks in China. The changes in food security index at micro- and meso-scales had a high similarity, however, the evaluation results at the meso-scale would underestimate the national food security risks. In addition, the larger the range (scale) of the evaluation unit, the more drastic the temporal variation in food security index, that is, the lower the stability. Scale differences and lower stability lead to evaluation results at the macro-scale that underestimate food security risks in the year of good harvest and overestimate food security risks in the year of poor harvest.

Innovative feedstocks for optimal mass production of the edible long-horned grasshopper, Ruspolia differens.

The edible long-horned grasshopper Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera:Tettigoniidae) is a highly nutritious food source consumed in over 20 African countries. Its occurrence is highly seasonal, and wild harvesting is carried out using locally designed and inefficient light traps, thus limiting sustainable utilization as an important food source. To ensure year-round production and availability of R. differens, we evaluated the effects of low-cost and affordable diets based on agricultural by-products on their growth performance, survival, fecundity, and longevity. A total of four diets with varying ratios of agricultural by-products were evaluated: Diet 1 [33.3% maize bran (MB) + 33.3% wheat bran (WB) + 33.3% Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP)], Diet 2 [25% MB + 25% WB + 25% MOLP + 25% shrimp powder (SP)], Diet 3 [20% MB + 20% WB + 20% MOLP + 20% SP + 20% soya bean meal], and Diet 4 ("control"-routinely used diet). The grasshoppers were subjected to the diets from the 1st nymphal instar (24-h-old stages) through adult stages until death. Diet 3 had the highest crude protein content (28%) and digestibility (74.7%). R. differens fed Diet 3 had the shortest development time (57 days) [p < 0.001], highest survival (87%) [p < 0.001], and maximum longevity (89days) [p = 0.015] and fecundity (247 eggs/female) [p = 0.549] across the various diets. Female survival rate (59%) on Diet 3 was significantly higher compared to the males (41%). The adult female weight gain was significantly higher compared to males fed on different diets. Percentage hatchability of eggs was not significantly different when females were fed Diet 3 and Diet 2. There was a significantly positive correlation between longevity and fecundity of R. differens reared on Diet 2 and 3. These diets could be further optimized and fine-tuned for improved cost-effective mass production of R. differens continent-wide to reduce dependence on erratic and poor seasonal harvest during swarms.

Myths and Realities of the Salt Lake Temple Foundation

Myths and Realities of the Salt Lake Temple Foundation

Recession or resilience? Long-range socioeconomic consequences of the 17th century volcanic eruptions in northern Fennoscandia

Abstract. Past volcanic eruptions and their climatic impacts have been linked increasingly with co-occurring societal crises – like crop failures and famines – in recent research. Yet, as many of the volcanic cooling studies have a supra-regional or hemispheric focus, establishing pathways from climatic effects of an eruption to human repercussions has remained very challenging due to high spatial variability of socio-environmental systems. This, in turn, may render a distinction of coincidence from causation difficult. In this study, we employ micro-regionally resolved natural and written sources to study three 17th century volcanic eruptions (i.e., 1600 Huaynaputina, 1640/1641 Koma-ga-take–Parker, and 1695 unidentified) to look into their climatic and socioeconomic impacts among rural agricultural society in Ostrobothnia (Finland) with high temporal and spatial precision. Tree-ring and grain tithe data indicate that all three eruptions would have caused significant summer season temperature cooling and poor grain harvest in the region. Yet, tax debt records reveal that the socioeconomic consequences varied considerably among the eruptions as well as in time, space, and within the society. Whether the volcanic events had a strong or weak socioeconomic effect depended on various factors, such as the prevailing agro-ecosystem, resource availability, material capital, physical and immaterial networks, and institutional practices. These factors influenced societal vulnerability and resilience to cold pulses and associated harvest failures. This paper proposes that, besides detecting coinciding human calamities, more careful investigation at the micro-regional scale has a clear added value as it can provide deeper understanding of why and among whom the distal volcanic eruptions resulted in different societal impacts. Such understanding, in turn, can contribute to interdisciplinary research, advise political decision-making, and enhance scientific outreach.

Morphology and defects design in g-C3N4 for efficient and simultaneous visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production and selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol

Small surface area, deficient reaction sites, and poor visible-light harvest ability of the original graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) severely restrict its photocatalytic H2 production activity. Here, an ultrathin porous and N vacancies rich g-C3N4 (VN-UP-CN) was fabricated by thermal oxidation exfoliation and high-temperature calcination under the Ar atmosphere. The ultrathin porous morphology increases the surface area and reaction sites of original g-C3N4, moreover, the produced N vacancies greatly broaden the light harvest ability of ultrathin porous g-C3N4 (UP–CN). Therefore, VN-UP-CN displays the maximal H2 production rate of 2856.7 μmol g−1 h−1 in triethanolamine solution under visible-light, and adding 0.5 M of K2HPO4 can further improve its H2 production rate to 4043.9 μmol g−1 h−1. Importantly, VN-UP-CN also shows good performance in simultaneous photocatalytic H2 production and benzyl alcohol oxidation to benzaldehyde with the activities of 196.08 and 198.28 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively, which avoids the waste of sacrificial agent and photogenerated holes. This work affords an achievable way to design the efficient g-C3N4 photocatalyst by morphology and defect regulation, which can effectively utilize both photogenerated electrons and holes for H2 and value-added chemical production.

Physico-chemical, Sensorial and Microbiological Quality of Frozen Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Slices

Background: Avocado (Persea americana Mill), is a subtropical, evergreen fruit tree belonging to the family Lauraceae. Due to the unique climacteric nature of the fruit, avocado starts ripening immediately after harvest and have poor post harvest life. Since thermal processing has adverse effects on the fruit quality, avocado processing is challenging. Methods: Avocado fruit slices were subjected to quick freezing (-20oC within 30 minutes) after pre-treatment with sucrose (20-40%), ascorbic acid (0.5%) along with one of the antimicrobial compounds like potassium metabisulphite, sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate (0.1%) and subsequently packed in 200 gauge LDPE pouches stored at -18oC. Result: Avocado slices treated with 40% sucrose, 0.5% ascorbic acid along with 0.1% potassium metabisulphite (T7) recorded with higher ascorbic acid (92 mg/100 g) after one month and total protein (1.43 g/100 g) content after three months of storage and desirably lowest values in polyphenol oxidase activity throughout the storage, peroxide value (15.56 mEq/kg) and water activity (0.956) after one month of storage was observed as the best method of preservation.

Climate Change; Our Impact on the Climate and its Consequences; A Cross-sectional Study

Climate change, sometimes called global warming, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperatures of the earth’s climate systems and its related effects. There are both natural and anthropogenic contributors to climate change. For example, volcanic eruptions are natural contributors and the burning of fossil fuels with the consequent release of greenhouse gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. This is the largest human influence on global warming. This study attempted to assess the knowledge, contributory community practices, and perceived effects of climate change in a characteristic suburban community in Africa, where the majority of people are expected to have poor knowledge about the phenomenon. It was a cross-sectional study. The study population comprised townies in the Okada community, excluding students of Igbinedion University. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were the tools for data collection. Data analysis was done with IBM SPSS Version 21 and the level of statistical significance was set at p&lt;0.05. A total of 274 respondents participated. 82.1% of respondents had knowledge of climate change with TV/radio (51.1%) being the most widely reported source of information. More than half of the respondents recognized human activities and natural variability as responsible factors. Bush burning (33.3%), burning of fossil fuels (15.3%) [especially cooking gas] and deforestation (12.4%) were recognized anthropogenic contributors to climate change in Okada. Burning (70.1%) was the predominant method of waste disposal among respondents. Of the perceived effects, poor harvest and crop yield (77%) were the most feared effects of climate change to respondents.

Agent-based modelling to understand irrigated farmland dynamics and farmer decision-making

An Advanced Irrigation-Related Agent-Based Model (AIRABM) of farmers' decision-making mechanism and feedback among farmers is developed. The model explores the interactions among human and non-human agents in the irrigation system. In this paper, we discuss harvest patterns as they result from more equal or unequal water distribution in the system. In a baseline model run, farmers are not restricted in their water use. For those situations that yields are low on the system or farmer level, we allow gate settings to be adjusted to improve poor harvest situations. Our model results show that 1) in the baseline scenario, upstream farmers generally receive more water and gain higher yields compared to downstream farmers; 2) gate capacity adjustments of upstream and middle stream farmers can push more water to downstream farmers, but those specific variations are considerable. We observe unexpected emerging system performance. The AIRABM model offers options for how combinations of individual farmers’ decisions on water use and farming create (un)equal yield patterns in irrigation systems.

Resource Based Conflict and Climate Change in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria

The study examined the effects of climate change on the local economy occasioned by resource-based conflict in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. The alteration in weather conditions in the Niger Delta region is associated with anthropogenic activities of the transnational oil companies for over five decades in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Despite the degree of oil exploration and exploitation, the Niger Delta region remained underdeveloped in social amenities. The inhabitants were deprived and alienated from the Petrodollar benefits. The launching of artisanal refining by the locals as a way of getting from Petro Dollar business became inevitable. These activities have increased greenhouse gas emission leading to the alteration in weather conditions in the Region Sadly, the Joint Military Task Force deployed to monitor and arrest culprit bombard and burn down the artisanal refining equipment unprofessionally, thereby increasing greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere. Given the above, the Niger Delta inhabitants are experiencing alteration in weather condition leading to poor agricultural harvest. The study adopted Frustration/Aggression theoretical as its framework. The study relied on primary through questionnaires and interview, while secondary sources data was through journals, books, newspapers, among others. The study unraveled that resource-based conflict occasioned deprivation and frustration increased greenhouse gas emission. The study recommends amongst others convening a climate change summit that will involve all the stakeholders in the oil activities in the Region.

Modulation of Purinergic Signaling Prior to Transplantation Both in Hematopoietic Stem Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) or Recipient Bone Marrow (BM) Microenvironment - As Novel Strategies to Accelerate and Facilitate HSPCs Homing and Engraftment

Background. The success rate of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation strongly depends on the number of transplanted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their speed of engraftment after infusion to the myeloablated transplant recipient. Therefore, clinical outcomes will benefit from accelerating the speed of homing and engraftment rate of transplanted HSPCs. This is important when the number of available HSPCs is low, as seen after poor harvest from BM, poor mobilization efficiency of the donor, and a low number of HSPCs present in the available umbilical cord blood (UCB) unit for an adult recipient. Our recent research demonstrated that purinergic signaling involving extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) and its extracellular metabolite adenosine (eAdo) play a significant opposite role in homing/engraftment of HSPCs - reviewed in Curr Opin Hematol 2021, 28:251-261. To explain this eATP released from the cells of conditioned for transplantation by myeloablation recipient's BM facilitates homing of HSPCs, and subsequently becomes metabolized by cell surface ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 to eAdo, that inhibits this process. Therefore, eATP and eAdo upregulated in PB and BM modulate homing/engraftment in i) infused to the recipient donor-derived HSPCs and ii) in recipient BM microenvironment - in an opposite way. We also reported that the beneficial effect of eATP on homing/engraftment of HSPCs depends on the promotion of membrane lipid raft formation on the surface of HSPCs that incorporate homing receptors for their optimal interaction with BM released homing chemoattractants. This process is promoted by eATP activated Nlrp3 inflammasome. On the other hand, Nlrp3 inflammasome and membrane lipid raft formation are inhibited by eAdo in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-dependent manner (Leukemia 2020; 34:1512-1523). Hypothesis. We hypothesized that proper modulation of eATP - eAdo signaling both at the level of transplanted HSPCs and recipient BM microenvironment will speed up the seeding efficiency of transplanted cells to BM niches. Material and Methods. We exposed HSPCs before transplantation ex vivo to i) exogenous eATP or ii) small molecular CD39 and CD73 inhibitors. We also inhibited CD39 and CD73 in transplant recipients BM at the time of myeloablative conditioning. In addition, we also activated ex vivo Nlrp3 inflammasome in HSPCs to be transplanted by specific activator nigericin. In control experiments, eATP stimulated Nlrp3 inflammasome activity was inhibited by the HO-1 activator that is CoPP. Homing of HSPCs was evaluated by measuring a number of donor-derived fluorochrome-labeled cells and clonogenic progenitors in BM of myeloablated hosts at 24 hours after transplantation. Early engraftment was assessed by counting the number of CFU-S and clonogeneic progenitors 12 days after transplantation and by evaluating kinetics of recovery of PB hematopoietic cell counts. Finally, while activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome was assessed by immunofluorescence assay, membrane lipid raft formation was evaluated by confocal microscopy. Results. We noticed that homing and engraftment of HSPCs was significantly accelerated after i) short exposure before transplantation to eATP, ii) inhibition of eAdo formation by CD39, and CD73 inhibitors, and iii) activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome by nigericin. Similarly, inhibition of eAdo formation in recipient BM microenvironment of transplanted mice by CD39 and CD73 inhibitors also improved homing and engraftment efficiency. This correlated with activation in the eATP-dependent manner of Nlrp3 inflammasome in HSPCs followed by membrane lipid raft formation. In the BM microenvironment, upregulation of eATP and inhibition of eAdo also enhanced expression of homing chemoattractants. Conclusions. Since all purinergic signaling modifiers employed in our studies are non-toxic against HSPCs, our data obtained in the animal model indicates that modulation of purinergic signaling before transplantation in HSPCs as well as in BM of the myeloablated recipient would significantly accelerate hematopoietic recovery after hematopoietic transplantation. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.