Poor Circumstances Research Articles

Impact of Planting Dates on NPK Content in Soybean Plants and Seeds across Different Cultivars

Soybean Glycine max (L.). growth, development, and production are negatively impacted by delayed planting dates and poor environmental circumstances. The nitrogen accumulation, phosphorus accumulation, potassium accumulation at harvest and nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content in seed impacted by changes in photoperiod, temperature, and precipitation with delayed planting. Extremely high temperatures and drought stress are examples of environmental variables that negatively impact plant development and productivity and are frequently linked to delayed planting.

Two decades of recipient and donor referrals for heart transplantation to Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa: A retrospective study.

Heart transplantation in South Africa faces numerous challenges related to organ scarcity and unequal access to advanced heart therapy. There is an urgent need to analyse the current transplant referral pathway to optimise equitable access to transplantation. To provide an audit of heart transplant referrals to Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, over a 23-year period, focusing on patient demographics, indications for referral, waiting-list dynamics, and transplant referral outcomes. The study utilised a retrospective patient folder review for the period 1 January 1997 - 31 December 2019 and audited the trends in heart transplant referrals and associated outcomes of the referral at a tertiary academic hospital. A total of 625 recipients were referred for heart transplantation, with the majority being male (n=412; 65.9%), while gender was undocumented for 69 cases (11.0%). The mean age was 38.1 (14.6) years, and 153 (24.5%) were listed for transplant, while 215 (34.4%) were deemed ineligible for listing. Contraindications for listing included social (n=106; 49.3%), medical (n=83; 38.6%) and psychological (n=26; 12.0%) factors, while 134 patients (21.4%) were considered too well. Poor social circumstances (n=38; 39.6%), poor insight (n=28; 29.2%) and poor compliance (n=21; 21.9%) were the most common non-medical reasons for not listing recipients, while obesity (n=30; 31.3%) and smoking (n=23; 24.0%) were notable medical contraindications. Forty-nine patients (7.8%) died during work-up, while 130 (85.0%) of the listed patients received a heart transplant. Of the 429 donor referrals, 139 (32.4%) were accepted for organ procurement. Reasons for declining donors included unsuitability for transplantation (30.3%), lack of capacity (1.8%), and recipient-donor mismatch (66.9%). Three-quarters of the referred patients were deemed unsuitable for heart transplantation for medical and/or social reasons. The ratio of referral to listing has decreased over time. However, once listed, the likelihood of receiving a transplant was high.

Market Shocks and Stock Volatility: Evidence from Emerging and Developed Markets

Market turbulences and their impact on the financial market, particularly on the stock market, is a financial topic that has received significant research attention recently. This study compared the characteristics of stock return and volatility in selected developed and emerging markets between the 2008 financial crisis and the 2019 worldwide pandemic. In this sense, we seek to answer two concerns. First, do the developed and emerging markets behave similarly during crisis periods? Second, does economic strength always shield markets from poor economic circumstances? For this purpose, the daily return data of E7 (Emerging 7) and G7 (Developed 7) countries for two sample periods—namely, the financial crisis period of 2007–2009 and the global pandemic period of 2019–2021—were chosen. By using univariate GARCH models, namely GARCH, EGARCH, and TGARCH, the study discovered that developing and developed markets reacted differently to these two financial crises. While emerging markets responded similarly to these two crises, developed economies acted differently, being more volatile and sensitive to the worldwide pandemic of 2019 than the financial crisis of 2008. Moreover, a country’s economic prowess does not always shield it from economic turmoil. This study will help investors identify diversification opportunities among the developed and emerging markets during a crisis period. Additionally, this will help portfolio and fund managers understand the behaviour of stock markets during times of market crisis and thus give advice to investors.

The last 22 years of student lending – Analysis of the socio-economic impact of the student loan product family

The Student Loan Center was established 22 years ago by the first civic government with the aim of increasing access to higher education. The measure was particularly important in channeling talented students from poor financial circumstances into higher education. Over the past two decades, both higher education and the socio-economic environment surrounding higher education have changed considerably. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which student loan instruments have been able to maintain their effectiveness over this period. Through a historical overview and the presentation of results from questionnaire data collection, the study demonstrates that student loan products have adapted to the changing environment by introducing and adapting existing products, and that they are still very popular among higher education students.

Inosine enhances tumor mitochondrial respiration by inducing Rag GTPases and nascent protein synthesis under nutrient starvation

Metabolic heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment (TME) is a hallmark of cancer and a big barrier to cancer treatment. Cancer cells display diverse capacities to utilize alternative carbon sources, including nucleotides, under poor nutrient circumstances. However, whether and how purine, especially inosine, regulates mitochondrial metabolism to buffer nutrient starvation has not been well-defined yet. Here, we identify the induction of 5′-nucleotidase, cytosolic II (NT5C2) gene expression promotes inosine accumulation and maintains cancer cell survival in the nutrient-poor region. Inosine elevation further induces Rag GTPases abundance and mTORC1 signaling pathway by enhancing transcription factor SP1 level in the starved tumor. Besides, inosine supplementary stimulates the synthesis of nascent TCA cycle enzymes, including citrate synthesis (CS) and aconitase 1 (ACO1), to further enhance oxidative phosphorylation of breast cancer cells under glucose starvation, leading to the accumulation of iso-citric acid. Inhibition of the CS activity or knockdown of ACO1 blocks the rescue effect of inosine on cancer survival under starvation. Collectively, our finding highlights the vital signal role of inosine linking mitochondrial respiration and buffering starvation, beyond serving as direct energy carriers or building blocks for genetic code in TME, shedding light on future cancer treatment by targeting inosine metabolism.

A New Ray to Dehydrated Floral Craft-Epoxy Resin Encapsulation Technique

Dry flower industry in floriculture is gaining knowledge with the booming floriculture industry in India. Despite poor weather circumstances, the dry flower sector in floriculture gives an excellent chance for farmers to improve their income throughout the year. Dehydration techniques help to maintain the original colour and shape of flowers for long-term use with little care. In addition to that drying of different plant parts epoxy resin encapsulation technique is a novel approach. In this embedding technique beauty of the flower can be cherished forever and able to protect it from dust and other pest. A detailed variation in embedding technique and time between has been mentioned. Farmers can easily earn 2 to 5 times profit from value addition through epoxy resin encapsulation technique. Input cost is reduced by incorporation of priceless house to get higher returns and waste material available with dried flower used to make floral handicrafts.

Investigating the Associations Between Socioeconomic Factors and Unhealthy Days among Adults Using Zero-inflated Negative Binomial Regression

Poor social and economic circumstances affect the health of individuals throughout the life cycle. The purpose of the study was to examine whether state-level and individual-level socioeconomic factors are associated with mentally or physically unhealthy days in the general U.S. population of adults. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the American Community Survey in 2016 were used to examine state-level social determinants of health and the number of self-reported mentally unhealthy days in the last 30 days using Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) regression models. Men, older individuals, minorities, persons with higher educational attainment levels, persons who were employed, persons who were married, or with a partner, and persons with one or zero chronic condition were more likely to report excessive zeros for responses to the mentally, and physically unhealthy days. The negative binomial regression results indicated that higher state-level poverty rates, higher income inequity, lower median income, and higher unemployment rates were related to the higher number of reported mentally, and physically unhealthy days. Persons with higher educational attainment, and who were employed reported lower mentally, and physically unhealthy days. The findings show significant relationships between socioeconomic contexts and general health status. Health planners and policymakers may use the results to allocate resources and guide public policies and programs.

Effects of Customized Biomechanical Footwear on Gait and Balance in Individuals with Polio: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Evidence suggests that the factors behind the increased risk of falls among polio survivors are mainly categorized into intrinsic and extrinsic domains. The intrinsic category involves factors like muscle weaknesses, fear of falls and self-reported balance problem. In contrast, extrinsic factors include poor environmental circumstances and ambulatory issues that cause reduced ability to adapt to walking conditions in polio patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate biomechanical footwear’s effects on gait and balance in individuals with polio. Methods A total of 30 participants were randomly divided into two groups of 15 each. The experimental group received customized shoe footwear with features such as medial arch support, metatarsal pad, rear foot control, fibreglass lateral counter, and a rocker sole. The control group did not receive specialized footwear. Results The intervention group showed significant improvements in several gait parameters compared to the control group, including step length (p=0.008), stride length (p=<0.001), step width (p=0.002), cadence (p<0.001) and speed (p=0.0009). The intervention group also showed significant improvements in Berg Balance Scale scores (p=0.07) compared to the control group. Conclusion Biomechanical footwear with medial arch support, metatarsal pad, and rear foot control can improve gait and balance in individuals with polio. Keywords Disability, Gait, Foot Orthosis, Poliovirus.

원도심학교 활성화에 관한 교육관계자 및 전문가 인식연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze how school education subjects and related groups recognize the original city school and what its meaning is in relation to the original city school revitalization plan. In addition, it is to explore what factors can affect the revitalization of the original city center school. The opinions of school officials and experts were collected through a group interview format, and the results were examined based on the qualitative data analysis method.
 As a result of the study, the first problem facing the original downtown school in Happy City is that the phenomenon of ‘the poor and the poor’ is occurring by misclassifying the support area. The wrong regional classification also caused problems in granting additional points for promotion to teachers, making it difficult to secure excellent teachers in the original city center school. Second, another problem in the original downtown area of Happy City is that the educational environment is being damaged due to the revitalization of the tourism industry. In order to revitalize the original city school, the educational subjects in the school must first be able to voluntarily promote the project. In order to promote the school revitalization project, at least three teachers, including the principal, must be provided with conditions for continuous power. In addition, in the case of Happiness City, rural areas problem should be solved preferentially because these areas where promotion additional points are given are incorrectly selected. It is necessary to secure the conditions for devotional teachers to continue working in the original city school. Finally, in order for the original city school to be activated, it is necessary to be able to organize and implement effective programs suitable for the original city school. Considering that the proportion of students with poor family circumstances is high, education and welfare programs should be strengthened in original city schools than in other schools.

Surveillance of Mycotoxin contamination and Production of Aflatoxin by A. flavus in Contaminated Maize Seeds in Bihar

Aflatoxin- producing fungi like Aspergillus flavus contaminate maize crops in the agricultural field at harvest, post- harvest, and during storage making them one of the most widespread and dangerous mycotoxins. It has been directly correlated to adverse health effects, such as liver cancer in many animal species as well as plant systems.
 Maize samples were collected from seven districts of Bihar viz, Begusari, East Champaran, Khagaria, Bhagalpur, Saharsa, Madhepura, and Samastipur. The collected sample was examined for associated mycoflora and aflatoxin-producing prospective of Aspergillus flavus. It was determined that A. flavus was of presiding occurrence accompanied by Penicillium spp., Fusarium, A. nigar, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, Mucor and A. ochraceus. 119 strains of the total A. flavus isolates were toxigenic, producing aflatoxin B1, B2, and G1. The highest Aflatoxin is all probability due to complementary environmental conditions, undeveloped agricultural practices, poor storage circumstances of grains, and because of yearly flood problems in this region.

An Observational Study on the Early Stages of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

Bachground: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which started on February 26, 2020 in city of karachi, spread quickly throughout Pakistan. Material and Method: The design of this study was a observational study design and this study was conducted at king Edward medical University Lahore. More than 6,200 persons were afflicted by the illness in the first seven weeks, and there were more than 111 documented fatalities. Many problems arise if we contrast the COVID-19 tragedies in Pakistan with those in nations like China, Iran, and the European Union. The geography of the nation, poverty, poor literacy rates, environmental circumstances, sanitary conditions, and dietary habits are only a few of the difficulties we face in containing this epidemic. Although there are terrible circumstances in each of these areas, Pakistan's COVID-19 epidemic was slower than that of other developing nations. Results: The impact of COVID-19 appears to be lessened by Pakistan's humid hot temperature, early reaction to COVID-19, population immune system, BCG vaccination, and the proportion of young individuals. In this essay, we explore the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in China, Iran, and Pakistan and present its day-to-day changes. We outline the COVID-19 structure and how it compares to SARS-COV and SARS-COV2. The use of Remdesivir (an adenosine analogue used against RNA viruses), Chloroquine (a widely used anti-malarial drug), convalescent plasma, neutralising antibodies targeting the ACE-2 receptor, and an ACE-2-like molecule that might bind to the S protein of the coronavirus are also covered in terms of treatment options and their drawbacks. Also covered are the effects of COVID-19 on Pakistan's economy and government relief measures. Conclusion: In conclusion, it may be said that the support systems in place may not be sufficient to stop the spread of the virus. Even with the meagre assistance offered, it is weaker for rural places where the virus's effects may be severe than in the nation's cities. Further research is required as the epidemic develops to better understand governmental efforts to contain the virus and its effects across the nation. Keywords: Coronavirus COVID-19 Pakistan Pandemic Outbreak

Dying at home for people experiencing financial hardship and deprivation: How health and social care professionals recognise and reflect on patients' circumstances.

International palliative care policy often views home as the most desirable location for end-of-life care. However, people living in more deprived areas can worry about dying in poor material circumstances and report more benefits from hospital admission at the end of life. There is increasing recognition of inequities in the experience of palliative care, particularly for people living in more deprived areas. Promoting an equity agenda in palliative care means building healthcare professionals' capacity to respond to the social determinants of health when working with patients near the end of their life. The purpose of this article is to present data which reveal how some health and social care professionals view home dying for people experiencing financial hardship and deprivation. This work was framed by social constructionist epistemology. Semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 12) were conducted with health and social care professionals who support people at the end of life. Participants were recruited from one rural and one urban health board area in Scotland, UK. Data collection occurred between February and October 2021. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. Our findings suggest that healthcare staff relied on physical clues in the home environment to identify if people were experiencing financial hardship, found discussions around poverty challenging and lacked awareness of how inequities intersect at the end of life. Health professionals undertook 'placing' work to try and make the home environment a suitable space for dying, but some barriers were seen as insurmountable. There was recognition that increased partnership working and education could improve patient experiences. We argue further research is needed to capture the perspectives of individuals with direct lived experience of end-of-life care and financial hardship.

ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS: A TRANSNATIONAL APPROACH

Human rights have an environmental dimension because of their purpose and subject matter. Human rights are influenced by the environment in two ways: directly, when a damaged or polluted environment prevents someone from exercising that right; or indirectly, when poor environmental circumstances make it more difficult for a government to uphold and safeguard the rights of its population. When a person or group of people asserts that their legally protected human rights have been violated by the environmental degradation or the government's inability to redress it, then a legal claim may be framed on these rights. This Article will describe environmental dynamics of human rights. It will also provide a brief assessment of a few notable examples from multiple human rights regimes in the field.

The Effect of Increasing the Health Practitioner’s Workload on Patients and Their Safety

The clinical healthcare system has been burdened due to various disease outbreak such as COVID 19 outbreak. Clinical Workloads on healthcare workers and practitioners lead to fatigue and mental exhaustions, causing medical errors. About 98 000 patients globally expires due to preventable medical errors in hospitals due to workload of health practitioners. (Philibert, et al., 2002) The majority of mistakes are made by well-meaning people operating under poor systems, procedures, or circumstances. The healthcare workers and physicians have been facing intense workloads due small workforce, physician working hours and financial pressures on hospitals and healthcare centers. However, very limited research has been conducted on association of workload of healthcare workers and safety of patients. Therefore, we aimed to design the systematic review on evaluation of effect of increasing the health practitioner’s workload on patients and their safety. To fulfill aims of study, we conducted a systematic review & meta-analysis by following “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)” (Selçuk, 2019) guidelines related to title which was “effect of increasing the health practitioner’s workload on patients and their safety”. About 5 databases were used for data search, collection and extraction include PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBSE, Cochrane library, and PsycInfo, on 2 November, 2022. To search data, we used MeSH keywords of “effect of workload on health practitioners”, “Healthcare workers workload” “its effects on patients’ safety, effect of workload on medical errors” “Mental stress among workers” and “patient safety” among all databases. Only those research articles were extracted that have been published during March 2020 to October 2022, keeping the COVID 19 pandemic in context. There were five qualitative studies that evaluated the value of psychological treatment for mental illness. Stress resulting from worries about infecting close relatives and anxiety and fear of getting infection worries about the health professionals were two interwoven elements in all five investigations. Our findings could be explained by an increase in resident physician workload that followed programmers’ elimination of 24-hour shifts. There is evidence to suggest that patient safety may suffer when healthcare workers and doctors care for more than more patients each day.

Rethinking social change: Does the permanent and transitory effects of electricity and solid fuel use predict health outcome in Africa?

One of the greatest global challenges of this 21st century is electricity deprivation, which involves extending access to electricity to hundreds of millions of people, while simultaneously trying to improve the quality of life and maintain their good health. Electricity deprivation combined with poor health systems and social circumstances can be a problem as it tends to expose the population to greater health risks. While the opponents of energy use almost never deny that electricity use is necessary for health, instead, they failed to admit that a lack of readily available electricity could mark the difference between life and death. This is because reliable electricity supply is required for basic socioeconomic needs such as home cooking and storage, water supply, lighting and reduction of indoor air pollution that may arise from solid fuel usage. This study examines the permanent and transitory effects of electricity and solid fuel use on health in Africa. The empirical strategy combines the van praag transformation and advanced econometrics based on Mundlak methodology. By using the Mundlak statistical procedure, the study breaks down the permanent and transitory effects of energy use (electricity and solid fuel use) on health. The study also corrects for potential endogeneity problem using the Hausman -Taylor statistical procedure. It further strengthened the analysis by correcting for cross panel correlation using the Feasible GLS methodology. The findings revealed that having access to electricity reduces health risks associated with burning solid fuels in Africa.

Teleostean fishes may have developed an efficient Na+ uptake for adaptation to the freshwater system.

Understanding Na+ uptake mechanisms in vertebrates has been a research priority since vertebrate ancestors were thought to originate from hyperosmotic marine habitats to the hypoosmotic freshwater system. Given the evolutionary success of osmoregulator teleosts, these freshwater conquerors from the marine habitats are reasonably considered to develop the traits of absorbing Na+ from the Na+-poor circumstances for ionic homeostasis. However, in teleosts, the loss of epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) has long been a mystery and an issue under debate in the evolution of vertebrates. In this study, we evaluate the idea that energetic efficiency in teleosts may have been improved by selection for ENaC loss and an evolved energy-saving alternative, the Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE3)-mediated Na+ uptake/NH4 + excretion machinery. The present study approaches this question from the lamprey, a pioneer invader of freshwater habitats, initially developed ENaC-mediated Na+ uptake driven by energy-consuming apical H+-ATPase (VHA) in the gills, similar to amphibian skin and external gills. Later, teleosts may have intensified ammonotelism to generate larger NH4 + outward gradients that facilitate NHE3-mediated Na+ uptake against an unfavorable Na+ gradient in freshwater without consuming additional ATP. Therefore, this study provides a fresh starting point for expanding our understanding of vertebrate ion regulation and environmental adaptation within the framework of the energy constraint concept.

Analysis of Leaked Crude Oil in a Mountainous Area

China–Myanmar oil and gas pipelines in Southwest China guarantee the energy security of China. Due to poor geographical circumstances, the safety of pipelines is seriously threatened by natural disasters. Therefore, there is a crucial, practical significance to establishing a model of leakage and diffusion of crude oil in the mountainous terrain and to conduct related applied studies. In the present study, computational fluid dynamic simulations of the dynamic diffusion process of leaking contaminants on the mountain surface was performed; the influence of the pipe pressure, landform, surface environment and leakage location on diffusion speed and range were discussed carefully. The results indicate that the variation of topographic altitude determines the path of leaking contaminants. Accordingly, an improved algorithm based on the SFD8 algorithm to predict the path of leaking contaminants at a low leakage rate was proposed; this would be instructive for an emergency response to ensure the safety of pipelines.

The influence of the pandemic on financial decisions made by individuals in Turkey: A cross-sectional study

The citizens of Turkey were confronted with the shock of the Covid-19 pandemic while struggling with high inflation and unemployment rates, and a weakening domestic currency. However, a noteworthy phenomenon during the year 2020 was the performance of stock market in Turkey, which was mostly driven by local individuals. Not only stocks, but cryptocurrencies are also popular investments favored by the populace, collectively signaling an increase in risk-taking behavior. Learning more about this point of interest is even more intriguing when considering the ongoing poor economic circumstances. In this study, the financial product decisions of individuals living in Turkey are examined for the first year of pandemic. The data were collected using an Internet survey. Information on participant’s demographics, financial product choices, declarations on changes in their interest in financial markets/products, financial status, and net income after Covid-19 was used. The results show that changes were associated with several product preferences, particularly with cryptocurrency. The findings indicate that regulators/authorities need to understand the reasons and conditions which influence those financial decisions and intervene if necessary because such excessive risk taking may eventually deteriorate social and financial wealth across the whole country.

Comprehensive Review Of Karanja And Jatropha Biodiesel Fuelled Diesel Engines

The globe has been compelled to develop other fuels due to tight emission restrictions, poor environmental circumstances, depletion of oil reserves, and rising prices of petroleum fuels. The rapid and rapid development of the automobile sector has resulted in a sharp increase in demand for petroleum-based fuels. Petroleum-based fuels have a finite amount of reserves. Biodiesel, a viable alternative fuel and has qualities that are similar to diesel fuels. By combining it with diesel, it can be a suitable fuel in diesel engines. Biodiesel, which is usually made from non-edible oils like Jatropha karanja oils, has sparked a lot of interest as a diesel engine alternative fuel. When compared to edible oil, non-edible oil is more helpful.Non-edible plants that may be grown in a variety of soils, including degraded woods, road edges, and irrigation canals. The goal of this study is to take review of the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of Jatropha and Karanja biodiesel fuels in diesel engines in more depth. Researchers will benefit from this comprehensive analysis of the published literature in understanding the suitability of biodiesel as a diesel engine fuel substitute.

Pre-eclampsia in a Sub-Saharan African country and maternal-perinatal outcome.

Our comparative cohort study, carried out between 3rd January and 30th April 2020, looked at the maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with pre-eclampsia. Of 2019 booked pregnant women, 141 (7.0%) had pre-eclampsia, and 59.8% of these were severe at admission. Significant adverse maternal outcomes were eclampsia, HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome, and placental abruption, and significant adverse perinatal outcomes were intra-uterine fetal death, preterm delivery, low birth weight (LBW), neonatal asphyxia and early neonatal death. Close attention needs to be given to women with pre-eclampsia in poor resource circumstances.