Pooled Prevalence Rates Research Articles

Depressiveness in German higher education students – a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction Evidence shows that German higher education students are vulnerable to depressive symptoms. However, there is no recent review compiling these findings. Thus, our study aims at describing the extent to which higher education students in Germany are affected by depressive symptoms. Methods We searched three databases for suitable publications using three core concepts (‘depressive symptoms’, ‘students’, and ‘Germany’). The inclusion criteria were: (a) the population studied consisted of students from higher education institutions, (b) data was assessed at higher education institutions in Germany, (c) information on depressive symptoms were pro-vided as outcome of instruments assessing depressive symptoms, (d) articles were published in peer-reviewed journals, in (e) English or German and (f) between 2002 and 2023. Random effects models were used to calculate both general and subgroup-specific pooled prevalence rates. Subgroups were formed based on the included literature (e.g. gender, before or during the COVID-19 pandemic, study phase and programme). Results The literature search resulted in 992 articles. After the removal of duplicates and the two-stage screening process, prevalence data was extracted from 60 articles. The overall pooled prevalence rate was 21.1% (95% CI: 17.6% - 24.6%). Medical students (13.2%; 95% CI: 9.9% - 16.4%) and first-year students (11.0%; 95% CI: 7.7% - 14.3%) were less likely to be affected than students in general. Women (29.0%; 95% CI: 21.4% - 36.5%) were more prone to depressive symptoms than men (23.1%; 95% CI: 16.5% - 29.6%). In samples collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, the pooled prevalence rates were higher than in pre-pandemic times (30.6%; 95% CI: 22.1% - 39.1% vs. 18.0%; 95% CI: 14.7% - 21.2%). Conclusions This analysis emphasizes the pressing need to address the mental health of higher education students both at the policy level and within universities. Key messages • German higher education students show alarming levels of depressive symptoms, demanding immediate action. • During the pandemic mental health was even poorer than before, highlighting the need for tailored interventions and support in challenging times.

Refugee mental health - systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Mental health conditions of forcibly displaced persons are unknown as the characteristics of the population change over the years. This study aims to estimate the prevalence rates of mental health conditions among refugees (depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress). Methods We conducted a systematic review using MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), and PTSDPubs (ProQuest) published between 1994-2022. We set up clear eligibility criteria and developed a data extraction sheet. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. Results The search yielded 4,381 records, of which 171 were included in the full-text review. 54 studies were included in the final review. These 54 studies comprised of 62,522 forcibly displaced populations (49.22% males, 50.78% females). Pooled prevalence rates for anxiety, depression, and PTSD were 36.3% (95% CI 30.0-43.2), 35.9% (95% CI 31.9-41.3), and 35.4% (95% CI 29.0-42.4) respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety is significant among forcibly displaced persons. Screening for mental health conditions among these populations might prove beneficial to prevent more severe mental health conditions through the implementation of early intervention strategies.

The prevalence and risk of anxiety and depression in polycystic ovary syndrome: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis.

To summarize the pooled prevalence rates of anxiety and depression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. An overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis was conducted. The CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases were searched up to April 22, 2024. The methodological quality of systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR 2. The degree of overlap between reviews was analyzed by calculating the corrected covered area. Ten systematic reviews were selected. Regarding anxiety disorders, the pooled prevalence of panic disorder, social phobia, and anxiety disorders without specifying the type of disorder were 4%, 5%, and 16.9%, respectively. This prevalence was higher in depressive disorders, reaching 34.8%. Anxiety symptoms were very prevalent in women with PCOS, although the prevalence varied depending on the self-reported questionnaire used: the Hamilton Anxiety Scale 69.4%, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 41.5%, and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale 32.4%. Additionally, the highest prevalence of depression symptoms was associated with the Beck Depression Inventory 46.0%, followed by the Self-rating Depression Scale 39.2%, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, which ranged from 31% to 33.8%. Meta-analyses found mainly anxiety and depression symptoms and disorders are prevalent in women with PCOS. Meta-analyses also showed women with PCOS had a higher risk of having anxiety disorders, and depression symptoms than women without PCOS. • Anxiety symptoms were prevalent, although the prevalence varied depending on the self-reported questionnaire. • The highest prevalence of depression symptoms was associated with the Beck Depression Inventory (46.0%). • The pooled prevalence of anxiety disorders without specifying the type of disorder was 16.9%.

Concussion Incidence by Type of Sport: Differences by Sex, Age Groups, Type of Session, and Level of Play An Overview of Systematic Reviews With Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To (1) summarize pooled prevalence and incidence rates of concussion by type of sport and (2) synthesize the differences in prevalence or incidence rates of concussion by type of sports in terms of sex, age, type of session, and level of competition. DESIGN: An overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: CINAHL, Embase, Epistemonikos, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Systematic reviews with meta-analyses reporting pooled incidence or prevalence of sport-related concussion. DATA SYNTHESIS: AMSTAR 2 was used to assess the methodological quality of reviews. Overlap between reviews was calculated. RESULTS: Ten systematic reviews with meta-analysis were included, all evaluating incidence rates of concussion. There were no meta-analyses of concussion prevalence. Concussions seem to have a higher incidence in rugby, snowboarding, ice hockey, and American football. In reviews that explored sex-based differences across subgroups, there was a higher incidence rate of concussion in baseball-softball, basketball, and soccer in females compared to males. There were no age subgroups analyzed. The incidence of concussions was higher during games compared to practice in American football, ice hockey, rugby, and soccer. Amateur rugby had higher concussion rates compared to professional rugby. CONCLUSIONS: Rugby, snowboarding, ice hockey, and American football had the highest incidence rate of concussion when no other differences (eg, type of session) were considered. However, important methodological flaws were detected, such as the lack of use of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) system and subgroups for specific factors (eg, age groups). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(11):1-9. Epub 15 October 2024. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12677.

Prevalence of Prolonged Grief Disorder Adult Bereavement in East Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis is derived from a conference paper presented at The Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences 2024. It's aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) in the adult bereaved population of East Asia. A pooled prevalence rate of 8.90% was found, suggesting that nine out of one hundred bereaved adults in East Asia are at risk for PGD. Cultural differences in bereaved cultural values and practices may contribute to this variation, but further research in other East Asian countries is needed to confirm these findings.

Are prophylactic antibiotics effective in preventing osteoradionecrosis after high-risk dental extractions?

A systematic review and meta-analysis. To assess and compare the effectiveness of different adjunctive treatments during tooth extraction in post-radiotherapy head and neck patients for preventing osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Two independent reviewers conducted an electronic search through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Libraries, Scopus and Web of Science databases using relevant search terms. Additionally, references of relevant articles were manually searched for eligible studies. Included were full-length articles (randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical trials, or observational studies) published in English, reporting on ORN occurrence after dental extraction, with or without adjunctive interventions, in patients who had previous radiotherapy. Data extraction was similarly performed by two independent researchers. For quality assessment, bias in observational studies was evaluated using the ROBINS-I tool, while the RoB 2 tool was used for RCTs. One-arm meta-analyses estimated pooled ORN prevalence rates for different adjunctive treatments based on patient-level outcomes. For studies with direct comparisons between two modalities, pooled odds ratios for ORN were calculated using pairwise meta-analyses. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database. A total of 29 studies with 1520 patients were included, comprising 4 RCTs, 4 prospective studies, and 21 retrospective observational studies. Five adjunctive treatment modalities around the time of dental extractions were identified: hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), pentoxifylline-tocopherol (PENTO), antibiotics (ABX), platelet-rich fibrin and photobiomodulation. Of the 25 observational studies included, 11 had a serious risk of bias, while all RCTs but 1 had low risk of bias. Egger's test showed no publication bias for the HBO and ABX groups (p > 0.05). Antibiotics were used in 17 studies, with significant variations in preoperative and postoperative protocols. Most studies utilized penicillin or clindamycin. The pooled prevalence of ORN was significantly lower in the HBO (4.6%), PENTO (3.4%), and ABX (3.8%) groups compared to the Control (17.6%), as indicated by the non-overlapping 95% CIs between the Control and any of the intervention groups. In studies with direct comparisons, HBO exhibited lower odds of developing ORN than the Control (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27) and ABX (OR = 0.57), although these differences were not statistically significant. HBO, PENTO, and ABX show similar reduction in ORN rates compared to no intervention. Given its cost-effectiveness and accessibility, ABX may be the most practical prophylactic modality at present.

Association of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 with ovarian cancer risk: Insights from a meta‑analysis.

Ovarian cancer (OC) presents a global health challenge, with well-documented genetic aspects. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 in OC remains unclear. The present meta-analysis assessed the prevalence of HPV in OC across 43 studies and included a comparative meta-analysis of 19 case-control studies to determine the association of HPV with OC risk. Subgroup analyses were performed based on geographic regions and histopathological types to explore heterogeneity, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and statistical tests of asymmetry. The pooled prevalence of HPV was found to be 10% (95% CI, 5-18) and 7% (95% CI, 3-15) specifically for HPV 16/18. Case-control studies indicated an odds ratio (OR) of 4.92 (95% CI, 1.96-12.53) for HPV 16/18, with higher pooled prevalence rates of 17% for all HPV genotypes and 13% for HPV 16/18. Notably, Asian countries exhibited the highest HPV prevalence and OR in OC. These findings support the involvement of HPV, particularly HPV 16 and 18, in increasing the risk of OC, emphasizing the need for further research to confirm these associations and explore potential mechanisms.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on antimicrobial resistance and drug resistance in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) and drug resistance have emerged as major global health concerns, threatening the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents and compromising patient outcomes [21]. The rapid spread of resistant pathogens poses significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs [20]. Methods Search StrategyTo find pertinent studies released up until September 2023, a thorough search was done in electronic databases like PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. The search method combined terms linked to Saudi Arabia, drug resistance, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The specific search terms and Boolean operators used were tailored to the requirements and functionalities of each database. ResultsThe systematic review includes 25 papers in total, representing various Saudi Arabian healthcare environments and patient groups. The prevalence of AMR varied across different pathogens and antimicrobial agents. The most resistant Enterobacteriaceae were carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The full manuscript will report the pooled prevalence rates and 95% CIs for each resistance type. The rates for such bacteria were 38.7%, 26.4%, and 15.2% respectively suggesting an imminent need for improvement in surveillance measures & interventions to reduce the burden of AMR (Antimicrobial Resistance). ConclusionThe prevalence of antibiotic resistance (AMR) is alarmingly high in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of AMR across different types of pathogens and antimicrobial agents. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the pooled prevalence of each type of resistance across hospitals, environments, and food samples from Saudi Arabian locations. The study identified three types of resistance: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), extended-spectrum -lactamaseproducing Enterobacilli (ESBL), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Furthermore, the study identified several risk factors associated with AMR, including prior antibiotic use, healthcare-associated infections, and prolonged hospital stays.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Intensive Care Unit-acquired Weakness in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW) is a common neuromuscular complication of critical illness, impacting patients' recovery and long-term outcomes. However, limited evidence is available on pooled prevalence and risk factors of ICUAW specifically in the COVID-19-infected population. We searched on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PEDro, and EBSCOhost/CINAHL up to January 31, 2024. Data synthesis was conducted using the Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformation model for the pooled prevalence rate and odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals was used to identify risk factors. The pooled prevalence of ICUAW in COVID-19 patients was 55% in eight studies on 868 patients. Risk factors for developing ICUAW in these patients were: old age (WMD 4.78, 95% CI, 1.06-8.49), pre-existing hypertension (OR = 1.63, 95% CI, 1.02-2.61), medical intervention of prone position (OR = 5.21, 95% CI, 2.72-9.98), use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) (OR = 12.04, 95% CI, 6.20-23.39), needed tracheostomy (OR = 18.07, 95% CI, 5.64-57.92) and renal replacement therapy (RRT) (OR = 5.24, 95% CI = 2.36-11.63). The prevalence of ICUAW in patients with COVID-19 was considered relatively high. Older age, pre-existing hypertension, medical intervention of prone position, NMBA use, needed tracheostomy and RRT were likely risk factors. In the future, interdisciplinary medical team should pay attention to high-risk groups for ICUAW prevention and early treatments.

Prevalence and Management of Complications of Percutaneous Ethanol Injection for Cystic Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review of Literature and Meta-analysis.

Background: We assessed the prevalence of complications from percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for benign and cystic thyroid nodules (CTNs) and their management. Methods: We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of data from published observational studies on PEI of CTNs. We also included unpublished retrospectively collected data on complications after PEI from all consecutive patients with cytologically benign CTNs who underwent PEI at the Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, AOU University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (Naples, Italy) between June 1, 2021, and March 31, 2024. A random effects meta-analysis was performed on the prevalence rate data. Pooled prevalence data were presented with confidence intervals (CIs). The I2 statistic index was used to quantify the heterogeneity. The details of the complications and the management were qualitatively described. Results: The literature search yielded 1189 studies, of which 48 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, in addition to our institutional experience (3670 CTNs in total). The overall quality of each included study was judged as fair. The prevalence of "Overall" complications of PEI was 32% ([CI 25-40%], I2 92.7%, 967 of 3195 thyroid nodules [TNs]). The prevalence of "Minor" complications of PEI was 32% ([CI 25-40%], I2 92.7%, 952 of 3195 TNs). The prevalence of "Major" complications of PEI was 2% ([CI 1-2%], I2 0%, 22 of 3670 TNs). Sensitivity analyses did not modify the results. The pooled prevalence rate of local pain was 21% (CI [16-27] I2 90.3). Local pain was typically transient and mild, sometimes moderate, and requiring analgesics for few days. The pooled prevalence rate of dysphonia was 1% (CI [1-2], I2 0). Dysphonia was transient and could last from several hours to 12 months after PEI. Conclusions: Complications of PEI for benign and CTNs are relatively common, but most are minor and usually transient, not requiring treatment. Dysphonia was a major complication, but it was uncommon and transient. PEI for CTNs could be considered a generally safe technique.

Comprehensive assessment of lumpy skin disease prevalence across Asia and African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) stands out as one of the economically significant ailments affecting both small-scale farmers and the broader livestock industry. To gauge its prevalence across Asia and Africa, this study employs a rigorous methodology combining systematic review, and meta-analysis, accounting for heterogeneity. Adhering to the guidelines set forth by the cochrane collaboration’s preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, present initial search sifted through approximately 6,000 articles spanning from 1990 to 2022, using carefully crafted combinations of keywords; Boolean operators, asterisks, and quotation marks. After meticulous assessment for quality bias, employing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 52 publications were included in present study for analysis. The methodology involved in current study utilizing scientometric tools to determine LSD prevalence, with a median sample size of 293 across various studies, predominantly focusing on cattle and buffaloes. Meta-analysis outcomes were dissected based on parameters such as study period, sample size, tests employed, continents, and species, with samples stratified into two to three categories based on medians for heterogeneity assessment. Meta-analysis unveiled a pooled prevalence rate of 14% in Asia and Africa. The subgroup analysis found an 11% prevalence in Asia and Africa constituted 21%. Clinical observation showed a 19% prevalence followed by other tests and PCR with 12 and 13%, respectively. The results underscore the necessity for effective strategies to control and prevent LSD spread, mitigating its economic impact on the livestock industry. This collaborative and comprehensive assessment is crucial in combating the widespread dissemination of LSD and offers valuable insights for policymakers, veterinarians, and stakeholders in the livestock sector.

Prevalence and progression rate of interstitial lung abnormalities detected on thoracic CT: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To estimate the pooled prevalence and progression rate of ILAs and identify the risk factors for radiological progression. An EMBASE and PubMed search was undertaken, identifying all studies meeting the inclusion criteria performed before May 10, 2023. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled prevalence, ILA progression rates, and odds ratio for radiological progression based on radiological subtype. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare the general and high-risk populations for lung cancer. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies. We analyzed 19 studies (241,541 patients) and 10 studies (1317 patients) for the pooled prevalence and progression rate of ILA, respectively. The pooled ILA prevalence was 9.7% (95% CI, 6.1-13.9%). The pooled prevalence was 6.8% (95% CI, 3.1-11.6%) and 7.1% (95% CI, 2.2-14.4%) in the general (six studies) and high-risk population for lung cancer (six studies), respectively. The pooled progression rate was 47.1% (95% CI, 29.1-65.5%). The pooled progression rate was 64.2% (95% CI, 45.0-81.2%, five studies) and 31.0% (95% CI, 8.2-60.5%, five studies) for longer (≥ 4.5 years) and shorter follow-up periods (< 4.5 years), respectively (p = 0.009). Fibrotic ILAs were significantly associated with a higher progression probability (combined OR, 5.55; 95% CI, 1.95-15.82). The prevalence of ILAs was approximately 9.7%. Approximately half of the patients exhibited radiological progression, with the rate increasing over a longer follow-up period. Fibrotic ILA was a significant risk factor for radiological progression. The prevalence of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) is approximately 9.7%, with about half exhibiting progression; a longer follow-up duration and fibrotic ILAs are associated with a higher progression rate. ILAs are increasingly recognized as important, but few population data are available. ILAs exhibited a pooled prevalence of 9.7% with a progression rate of 47.1%. Fibrotic ILAs were associated with increased progression likelihood.

Impact of COVID-19 on emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children: a meta-analysis

The impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on society is continuous, resulting in negative psychological consequences. Given the vulnerability and sensitivity to the environment among preschool children, their emotional and behavioral problems deserve more attention. The current study aimed to explore the impact of the epidemic on preschool children’s mental health by determining the pooled prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems amidst the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic and to reveal potential reasons for variations between studies. Published studies were searched in Embase, PubMed, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang. Based on the inclusion criteria outlined in this study, a total of 10 studies encompassing 38,059 participants were incorporated. Employing a random-effect model for estimating the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems, the results revealed a pooled prevalence rate of 24.3% (95% CI, 0.15–0.38; I²=99.9%) among preschool children. This rate surpasses the pre-outbreak prevalence observed in different countries, signifying a detrimental influence of the epidemic on the mental well-being of preschoolers. Therefore, mental health care and recovery are essential for the vulnerable group during and after the public health crisis. Specific emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children are expected to be researched in the future to provide more targeted guidance for intervention.

HIV1 drug resistance among patients experiencing first-line treatment failure in Ethiopia: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe emergence of HIV drug resistance presents a substantial challenge. Current antiretroviral treatments, along with current classes, face the danger of becoming partially or entirely inactive. As a result, alternative treatment regimens are limited, and treatment choices are complicated. According to the recommendation of the WHO, nations should consider changing their first-line ART regimen if HIV drug resistance exceeds 10%. In spite of the fact that a number of primary studies have been performed on HIV drug resistance in Ethiopia, their pooled prevalence rate has not been determined in a systematic review and meta-analysis, which may provide stronger evidence. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be to estimate the pooled prevalence rate of HIV1 drug resistance in patients with first-line treatment failure in Ethiopia.MethodsPrimary studies will be identified from PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar. The period of search will be from 01 April to 30 June 2024. Studies identified through the search strategies will first be screened by titles and abstracts. Included studies meeting established criteria will be evaluated for risk of bias using the JBI checklist. Data will be extracted, and the pooled prevalence rate of HIV drug resistance will be computed using STATA 14 software. Random effect models will be used when heterogeneity is suspected. The I2 statistic and its corresponding P value will be checked to distinguish heterogeneity. Additionally, publication bias and heterogeneity will be checked using visual funnel plots, Egger’s test, trim-and-fill tests, meta-regression, and subgroup analysis. To present and synthesize the results, narrative synthesis will be performed to describe study characteristics and findings, and forest plots will be used to visually represent effect sizes and confidence intervals from individual studies.DiscussionEstimating the pooled prevalence rate of HIV drug resistance through a systematic review and meta-analysis improves the reliability of the evidence, the availability of effective HIV treatment options, and the ability to assist in making decisions for both clinical practice and public health policy in Ethiopia.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42024533975.

Changes in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 among first-year university students in Spain, considering the risk of problematic use – UniHcos project

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prevalence rates and self-reported changes in patterns of alcohol use among first-year university students in Spain, considering the risk of problematic alcohol use. A serial cross-sectional study based on the uniHcos project was carried out. Data from 10 518 first-year university students (73.3% female, mean age 19 (SD = 1.6)) collected between 2012 and 2022 were analysed. The evolution of the pooled prevalence rates during the time series was analysed and the risk of problematic alcohol consumption was assessed using the AUDIT. Also, self-reported changes in alcohol use patterns during the pandemic were assessed. According to the results, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of alcohol use in the past 30-days was reduced (76.3% in 2019 vs. 63.7% in COVID-19) increasing again in the New Normal period. Thus, a similar pattern in the practice of binge drinking was observed. Regarding the AUDIT score, 21.7% (95%CI 20.9, 22.6) of the students had harmful alcohol consumption, with a higher proportion among males. In the multivariable logistic models, a higher AUDIT score was significantly associated (p-value < 0.001) with being male and living with roommates. According to self-reported changes in consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic, a higher proportion of participants with harmful use reported an increase in alcohol consumption compared to those at low-risk (43% vs 19%). Finally, despite the overall reduction in drinking prevalence during COVID-19, changes were not equal for all students and depended on their previous level of problematic drinking, highlighting that this should be considered in the development of strategies against alcohol use in this population.

Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors among Children 6-23 Months Old in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Feeding diversified food for children is the major indicator of nutritional quality and adequacy that is crucial during the complementary feeding period for infants and young children aged 6-23 months. Ensuring diversified food is highly essential for the normal growth and development of the infant and young children. In Ethiopia, malnutrition and food insecurity remain prevalent, underscoring the need to understand and improve dietary diversity among children. The primary objective of this review was to determine the pooled prevalence of dietary diversity and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia. We thoroughly searched some electronic databases, including Pub Med, Africa Index Medicus, Science Direct, Hinari, and Google Scholar, to perform a meta-analysis. Excel was used to extract and combine the data, while Stata 17 was used for statistical analysis. To estimate pooled prevalence rates and related associated factors, we used a random-effect model and the Der Simonian-Laird technique. The I2-test was utilized to examine heterogeneity, and funnel plots, in conjunction with Egger's and Begg's tests, were employed to investigate publication bias. This review analyzed 42 full-text studies, finding a pooled prevalence of 26.78% (95% confidence interval (CI): 23.35-30.21) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98.95%). Maternal education levels-college & above Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR: 5.377, 95% CI: 3.116-9.279), secondary and above (AOR: 3.324, 95% CI: 1.939-5.700), primary (AOR: 3.065, 95% CI: 2.275-3.129), and formal education (AOR: 2.484, 95% CI: 1.722-3.583)-showed higher odds than counterparts. Similarly, fathers' education-secondary and above (AOR: 2.837, 95% CI: 1.981-4.065) and primary (AOR: 2.082, 95% CI: 1.016-4.266)-and father's occupation as merchant (AOR: 2.739, 95% CI: 1.355-5.539), and mother's occupation as housewife (AOR: 3.636, 95% CI: 2.457-5.381) showed higher odds. Additionally, male child sex (AOR: 1.877, 95% CI: 1.185-2.972), child age 18-23 months (AOR: 2.470, 95% CI: 1.568-3.987), and 12-17 months (AOR: 2.460, 95% CI: 1.914-3.163) indicated higher odds than counterparts. Having Postnatal Care (PNC) follow-up, counseling on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, and no history of child illness were associated with higher odds (AOR: 3.155, 95% CI: 2.104-4.732), (AOR: 2.960, 95% CI: 2.288-3.829), and (AOR: 2.420, 95% CI: 1.765-3.318), respectively. Maternal knowledge of dietary diversity, urban residency, Antenatal Care (ANC) follow-up, child growth monitoring, and media exposure also showed higher odds. Similarly, maternal age groups 25-34 years and 35-44 years had higher odds compared to those aged 15-24 years. Other factors associated with higher odds included home grading, food security, institutional delivery, availability of cow milk, and household wealth index. Among Ethiopian children aged 6-23 months, the prevalence of recommended dietary diversity feeding practices was remarkably low, with only about 25% meeting the minimum recommended diversified food. The scientific predictors factor affecting dietary diversity included maternal media exposure, place of delivery, food security, urban residency, availability of cow milk, child growth monitoring, age, and knowledge of IYCF practices; paternal factors like education and occupation; child-related variables like age, sex, and history of illness; and history of ANC and PNC.

Comparing the prevalence and association between anxiety, depression and gastrointestinal symptoms in gastroparesis versus functional dyspepsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and associations between anxiety/depression, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms across gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. MethodsTwenty adult studies were identified through systematic searches of three databases (PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO) in September 2023. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence rates of anxiety and depression across gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia, and to determine whether the associations of anxiety/depression and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms differ in gastroparesis versus functional dyspepsia. ResultsThe overall pooled prevalence rate for anxiety was similar (χ2(1) = 2.45, p = .12) in gastroparesis (49%) and functional dyspepsia (29%). The overall pooled prevalence rate for depression in gastroparesis (39%), and functional dyspepsia (32%) was also similar (χ2(1) = 0.81, p = .37). No significant relationship between anxiety and GI symptoms (r = 0.11) or depression and GI symptoms (r = 0.16) was found in gastroparesis, whilst significant, though weak, positive relationships between anxiety and GI symptoms (r = 0.30) and depression and GI symptoms (r = 0.32) were found in functional dyspepsia. The association between GI symptoms and anxiety, but not depression, across gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia was found to be significant (χ2(1) = 5.22, p = .02). ConclusionContributing to ongoing debate as to whether gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia are interchangeable syndromes, this review found that anxiety and depression prevalence was similar in both conditions. Psychological assessment and the utilisation of effective and holistic care in both conditions is therefore warranted.

Depressive Symptoms Among Higher Education Students in Germany-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Higher education students in Germany are vulnerable to depressive symptoms. Despite ample evidence, no comprehensive review has recently been conducted. Thus, our systematic review and meta-analysis aims at describing the extent to which students are affected by depressive symptoms. We searched three databases for articles reporting the prevalence rates of depressiveness among students in Germany published between 2002 and 2023. Pooled prevalence rates were calculated using random effects models, both for the overall sample and for subgroups categorized by gender, study setting, assessment instrument, and whether the study was conducted before or during the COVID-19 pandemic. The search yielded 992 records. After screening, 60 articles remained for data extraction. About one out of five students (21.1%) exhibits depressive symptoms. Pooled prevalence rates differ between subgroups, with higher rates during the COVID-19 pandemic than before (30.6% versus 18.0%) and with females being more affected than their male counterparts (29.0% versus 23.1%). This review underlines the urgency with which the mental health of students should be addressed at the (higher educational) policy level.

Prevalence of somatic symptoms among Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) survivors in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundMany Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors have reported somatic and neuropsychological symptoms after discharge from the Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU). Since the 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa, various studies have investigated and identified these symptoms. Evidence on somatic symptoms is widely available in the literature, however, there is no concise overview of the prevalence across different time intervals.MethodsThis meta-analysis was conducted following the (PRISMA) guidelines. A database search was conducted to identify original studies that reported the prevalence of symptoms. The primary outcome measure was the prevalence rate of several somatic symptoms. Results were pooled, and prevalence rates were assessed over time, to elucidate any particular trends.ResultsWe included 23 studies (5,714 participants). The pooled prevalence was: arthralgia 50% (95% CI: 41%-59%); headache 44% (95% CI: 36%-52%); myalgia 32% (95% CI: 26%-38%); abdominal pain 27% (95% CI: 15%-39%); fatigue 25% (95% CI: 19%-31%); numbness of feet 16% (95% CI: 14%-18%); numbness of hands 12% (95% CI: 10%-14%) and hearing loss 9% (95% CI: 5%-12%). Prevalence across different time intervals revealed significant patterns. All the symptoms persisted for more than 2 years after discharge except for abdominal pain.ConclusionThe pooled prevalence rates of somatic symptoms are notably high. Arthralgia and headache are the most prevalent of the symptoms, with hearing loss and numbness in hands and feet being the least. We found that arthralgia, myalgia, and abdominal pain decreased over time. However, headache, fatigue, numbness of hands and feet, and hearing loss increased over time.

Depression and Anxiety among Tuberculosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) patients often experience depressive and anxiety symptoms, which can significantly impact their quality of life, treatment adherence, and outcomes. Understanding the magnitude of these mental health issues is crucial for improving TB programs and achieving successful treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, to assess the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among TB patients. Relevant studies were identified through a search of the PubMed database. Studies were assessed for quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Data extraction was performed, and a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled prevalence rates. Results: Forty studies were included in the analysis. The pooled estimated prevalence of depression among TB patients was 11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11–12), while the pooled estimated prevalence of anxiety was 28% (95% CI: 26–29). Subgroup analyses revealed variations in the prevalence rates among drug-sensitive (DS-TB), drug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant patients, as well as across continents and settings. Conclusions: The review indicates that there was a considerable burden of depressive and anxiety symptoms among TB patients worldwide. The findings emphasize the need for routine screening, integrated care approaches, and targeted interventions to address the mental health needs of TB patients.