Pomelo Peel Extract Research Articles

Enhancement of microbial safety and shelf life of salmon fillets by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299 V fermented in pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel extract

This study demonstrated the selective support of pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel extract (PPE) on Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299 V growth, of which the resultant enhanced microbial safety and shelf life of salmon fillets. Incorporating PPE fermented with L. plantarum 299 V for 48 h (FPPE-48h) into alginate coating inhibited both the spiked Listeria monocytogenes and the spoilage - causing bacteria (psychotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp.) on salmon fillets during the 4-day chilled storage, resulting in 1–1.5 log CFU/g lower bacterial counts (P < 0.05). FPPE-48h effectively suppressed biogenic amine-producing bacteria, and remarkably retarded the accumulation of putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine (P < 0.05). Last, the key antimicrobial substances generated during the late stage of PPE fermentation were profiled using non-target ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis. This study exemplifies a successful approach of fermenting probiotic utilizing food by-products/food waste to enhance the safety and shelf life of ready-to-eat foods.

Construction of chromium-free passivation film of pomelo peel extract on the surface of lithium-ion battery copper foil and study on anti-corrosion mechanism

Passivation treatment is the last key process to ensure the service life of copper foil for lithium-ion batteries. Although chromic anhydride commonly used in industry has an efficient passivation effect, it can threat human health and the environment. Herein, an environmentally friendly passivator is prepared from pomelo peel by a simple and economical solution extraction method, which makes copper foil have good anti-corrosion properties in air, chlorine-containing solution, and organic electrolyte. Electrochemical methods and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the potential of pomelo peel extractant (PP) to replace chromic anhydride as a passivating agent for copper foil. The interaction mechanism between PP and copper foil is analyzed by adsorption models, and the efficient passivation behavior of PP for copper foil is consistent with the Langmuir model. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of the naringin (main component of PP) is performed to further reveal the protection mechanism of PP on copper foil. In addition, the copper foil treated by PP still has excellent electrochemical performance as lithium-ion battery current collector, indicating that the presence of PP not only protects the copper foil from corrosion, but also does not affect the conductivity of the copper foil. This research provides a new insight into the chrome-free passivation of copper foils, which is in line with the development concept of green production.

Preparation and characterization of an antioxidant edible film with soluble soybean polysaccharide and pomelo peel extract and its application in lipid packaging

An antioxidant packaging film was prepared by incorporating soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) and pomelo peel extract (PPE), which possessed antioxidant and enhanced mechanical properties for lipids preservation. The effects of PPE dosage on structural, physical, and antioxygenic performance of the SSPS-xPPE films were investigated. Further, the preservation effect of SSPS-5PPE film on lard was also studied. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the film stratified with excess PPE (≥0.07 g/g SSPS) remained intact and compact. Hydrogen bonding between SSPS and PPE was shown in the Fourier transform infrared spectra. The incorporating of PPE greatly lessened the light transmittance but enhanced the UV resistance to further optimize the barrier and mechanical properties by reducing the water vapor permeability from 2.79 × 10−14 to 1.37 × 10−14 g⋅mm−2⋅s−1⋅Pa−1, lowering the oxygen permeability from 2.69 × 10−15 to 1.87 × 10−15 cm2⋅s−1⋅Pa−1, and improving the tensile strength from 0.38 to 2.39 MPa. The SSPS-xPPE film possessed good antioxidant ability, with the scavenging activity of SSPS-7PPE film for DPPH and ABTS•+ were 80.34% and 91.68%, respectively. Packaging experiments suggested SSPS-5PPE film could extend the shelf life of lard by approximately 25 d at 20 °C. In brief, the PPE-incorporated SSPS film can be used in packaging to extend the shelf life of lipids.

Innovative lamellar crystals-based facial treatment cream with Tubtimsiam pomelo peel extract

This study examined the antioxidant activity of Tabtimsiam pomelo peel extract (Citrus Maxima Burm.f. Merr) and developed facial cream with lamellar crystals. The results of the analysis total phenolic content with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent assay and total flavonoid content with Aluminium chloride colourimetric assay equal to 48.59 ± 0.66 mg GAE g–1 extract and 184.70 ± 7.04 mg QE g–1 extract, respectively. The result of antioxidants activity with DPPH radical scavenging activity reported by IC50 equal to 63.24 ± 16.57 mg mL–1. The development of facial cream with innovative lamellar crystals compared to base cream found that products containing lamellar crystals more stable than base cream and observed by the visual test with a Microscope under Polarized light found that maltiness cross evenly distributed. Finally, the test of facial cream containing Tubtimsiam pomelo peel extract volume 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% w w–1 compared with base cream after used 4 weeks found that the highest moisturizing was cream containing extract 0.2% w w–1 equal to 247 ± 1.26 μS and glassy skin when visual skin by Dino-Lite camera. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT HIGHLIGHTS Structure lamellar crystal of facial treatment cream containing Tubtimsiam pomelo peel extract after used 4 weeks found that the highest moisturizing was cream containing extract 0.2% w w–1 equal to 247 ± 1.26 μS and glassy skin

Pomelo peel extract induces ROS-mediated DNA double stand break and apoptotic death pathway in Caco-2 colon cancer cells

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the top ten leading causes of death in the world. Beyond chemical therapy or targeted therapy, finding an alternative approach to colorectal cancer therapy is necessary. Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck is a popular fruit cultivated worldwide; the peel is mainly discarded after consuming the fruit. However, it has also been commonly reported as folk medicine for treating several illnesses, such as cough and indigestion. In this study, Caco-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of pomelo peel extract (PPE). PPE suppressed cell viability in a dose-dependent manner at 24 and 48 h. The PPE extract showed condensed chromatin and apoptotic cells at 12, 24, and 48 h under the microscope in DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. Moreover, PPE activated the apoptosis pathway by increasing the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3. In addition, it also expressed elevation of pro-apoptotic Bax and degradation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. In addition, it enhanced the p-Chk2 protein in arresting the cell cycle and increased the protein expression of p-Histone H2A.X. Those results suggest that PPE can reduce cell viability in Caco-2 cells through ROS production and DNA damage.

Pomelo peel extract induces ROS-mediated DNA double stand break and apoptotic death pathway in Caco-2 colon cancer cells

Pomelo peel extract induces ROS-mediated DNA double stand break and apoptotic death pathway in Caco-2 colon cancer cells

Analysis of antiquorum-sensing and antibiofilm activity by pomelo peel extract (Citrus maxima) on multidrug-resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is gram-negative bacteria with high adaptability by forming biofilms and quorum-sensing mechanisms to avoid immune responses and antimicrobial agents which tend to develop into Multidrug Resistance (MDR) related to Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) with a prevalence of 3,8% in Indonesia and a mortality of up to 69%. Polyphenol compounds found in pomelo peels (Citrus maxima) have been shown to have antibiofilm and antiquorum-sensing effects but are less investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate those effects on MDR P. aeruginosa. In vitro study design is performed to evaluate the inhibition effect of ethanolic extract on bacterial growth (Kirby-Bauer test), biofilm formation (biofilm assay), and quorum-sensing activity (pyocyanin and pyoverdine assay) on clinical isolates of MDR and ATCC strain as comparator. Furthermore, we employed computational methods using docking protein analysis. Biofilm formation was significantly inhibited by 71.1% ± 4.4% in MDR (pLasR and LasI) by active compounds of Citrus maxima. Molecular docking was used to further strengthen this hypothesis, showing no significant differences in bonding energy of polyphenol compounds found in pomelo peel with LasR and LasI compared to the native ligand and inhibitors. Pomelo peel extract can be considered as a potential therapy for MDR P. aeruginosa infection mediated based on its antibiofilm and antiquorum-sensing effects.

Inhibition of Melanosis and Quality Changes on Indian White Prawn Treated with Lemon and Pomelo Peel Extracts Conjugated with Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles during Chilled Storage

ABSTRACT The study was aimed at the assessment of lemon peel extract (LPE) and pomelo peel extract (PPE) conjugated with copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) influence on melanosis formation and improving the quality of chilled stored Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) after 15 days. Biochemical indices, microbial count, and sensory analysis was performed at 3 day intervals. The trimethylamine, total volatile base nitrogen, free fatty acid, and peroxide value of control was 18.01 ± 0.79 mgN/100 g, 45.08 ± 1.1 mgN/100 g, 0.14 ± 0.01% of oleic acid, and 16.42 ± 0.612 milliequivalents/kg, whereas LPE+PPE+CuSNPs was 10.94 ± 1.04 mgN/100 g, 17.51 ± 1.1 mgN/100 g, 0.091 ± 0.01% of oleic acid, and 7.57 ± 0.38 milliequivalents/kg, respectively, at the 15th day of storage. The biochemical indices, microbial count, and sensory score of the treated sample was significantly lower (P < .05) than the untreated sample at day 15. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of this biopreservation technique, which could provide a new alternative in preservation techniques, as well as impact shelf life and product safety.

Acute toxicity and anti-hyperglycemic activities of pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) peel extracts in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

The aim of this study was to investigate the total flavonoid content (TFC), vitamin C content, and the anti-hyperglycemic activities of pomelo peel extract (PPE) from the flavedo and albedo of two pomelo cultivars namely Long Co Co and Thanh Kieu in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Thanh Kieu PPE possessed the highest TFC of 11.18 ± 0.14 mg/100 g from the albedo while the highest vitamin C content was found in its flavedo (47.74 ± 0.34 mg/100 g). PPE from the flavedo induced the mortality after 3-4 h of oral administration at a dosage of 5000 mg/kg. In the contrast, PPE from the albedo was considered a non-toxic extract. Albedo PPE from two cultivars was observed to attenuate the blood glucose level of alloxan-hyperglycemia induced mice (from roughly 350 mg/dL to 150 mg/dL) and there was no significant difference in the anti-hyperglycemic efficacy between albedo PPE and chemical drug (Glucophage). This finding showed potential in developing new functional food products or pharmaceutical alternatives from pomelo peels (an agro-waste) for anti-hyperglycemia.

Antioxidant activity and inhibitory efficacy of Citrus grandis peel extract against carbohydrate digestive enzymes in vitro

Citrus peel extract has been observed with many beneficial-promoting effects. Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L) Osbeck) peel extracts (PPE) from the flavedo and albedo of two varieties namely Long Co Co and Thanh Kieu were investigated. In this study, the qualitative analysis indicated the presence of phytochemical groups including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannin in the PPE from the flavedo and albedo. The PPE from the Thanh Kieu flavedo was found to possess the highest antioxidant activity at the EC50 values of 60.89 ± 0.31 µg/mL, 60.69 ± 0.21 µg/mL, and 24.16±0.06 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay. However, the Long Co Co albedo- PPE induced better inhibitory effect against α-amylase (EC 232-560-9) and α-glucosidase (EC 232-604-7) with respect to EC50 values of 3.59 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 80.77 ± 0.34 µg/mL. This result suggested potential in the anti-hyperglycemic effect of pomelo peel extract from the flavedo and albedo that can serve as a nutraceutical in food and pharmaceutical industries.

RETRACTED: Effects of lemon and pomelo peel extracts on quality and melanosis of Indian white prawn during chilled storage

AbstractThe effects of lemon (Citrus limon) and pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel extracts have been investigated on the quality and melanosis of Indian white prawns (Fenneropenaeus indicus) during 15 days of storage (4℃). The extracts were also subjected to antioxidant assays viz.1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl radical reducing power (DPPH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The extracts were also subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) for the analysis of high‐ and low‐molecular‐weight chemical entities present in each of the extracts. The TPC, TAC, and FRAP of lemon peel extract were 53.35 ± 0.46 mg GAE/g, 143.79 ± 0.94 mg Eq Asc/g, and 2.157 ± 0.015 mmol Fe(II)/g, respectively, and for the pomelo peel extract were 12.44 ± 0.65 mg GAE/g, 70.08 ± 1.74 mg Eq Asc/g, and 1.402 ± 0.005 mmol Fe(II)/g, respectively. Lemon and pomelo extracts treated samples exhibited an enhanced effect on shelf life extension and quality maintenance than untreated samples during chilled storage.Practical applicationsThe Indian white prawn is an economically important crustacean that exhibits melanosis after prolonged storage. Melanosis is characterized by the development of black spots caused by polyphenol oxidase and is the most significant issue in the shrimp industry. It is the primary concern to retard melanosis associated quality loss. Shrimp polyphenol oxidase was inactivated by lemon and pomelo peel extracts. These extracts have no effect on the organoleptic properties of shrimp. Hence, lemon and pomelo peel extracts have the potential to be a promising and natural preservative for preventing shrimp quality loss in the industrial environment.

Potential of Fermented Fruit Peel Liquid in Cosmetics as a Skin Care Agent

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-UVB of three kinds of fermented fruit peel extracts by pectinase enzyme, including pomegranate, pomelo, and banana peel. The antioxidant was evaluated by the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was assessed by disk diffusion assay, and the photoprotective activity was measured using a photospectrometric method. The results revealed that pomegranate peel extract at 3000 IU/g peel exhibited potent free radical scavenging property against DPPH, with the smallest IC50 value at 0.18%, which was better than that of pomelo peel extract at 55.79%. Furthermore, the results suggested that the pomegranate peel extract also exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli better than pomelo peel extract, but none of the three samples shows the antibacterial capacity against S. aureus. Moreover, 10% pomegranate peel extract also expressed the strongest anti-UVB activity, with an SPF value of 36.582. The research demonstrates pomegranate peel’s bioactivity potential for further experiments.

Adsorption and corrosion of renewable inhibitor of Pomelo peel extract for mild steel in phosphoric acid solution

Pomelo peel extract (PPE) was evaluated as green and renewable corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0 mol/L H3PO4 solution. The inhibition behaviour was studied using mass loss, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The chemical structure of PPE was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The corrosion morphology of mild steel was analysed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics was discussed. The results show that PPE confers an acceptable long-term effect (inhibition efficiency of 95.0% and 92.8% for corroding 23 h and 224 h in the presence of 5.0 g/L PPE inhibitor) and functions as a mixed inhibitor. The adsorption of PPE on mild steel simultaneously follows the Langmuir, El-Awady and Temkin isotherms at 35, 45 and 55 °C. PPE is mixed adsorption dominated with physical adsorption at room temperature or with higher PPE concentrations. PPE possesses many polar functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl and hetero-aromatic rings. The inhibition mechanism is closely related to these polar groups, as is the surface coverage of steel.

Sunlight-Driven Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Pomelo Peel Extract and Antibacterial Testing

A green approach, including using phytochemicals in pomelo peel extract (PPE) and direct sunlight, was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). PPE was prepared by treating pomelo peel with a citric acid solution at 85°C for 2 h. PPE was then mixed with AgNO3 and exposed to sunlight to induce the formation of AgNPs. Time-dependent UV-vis spectra of the reaction mixture demonstrated that AgNPs are formed under sunlight irradiation faster than underheating at 90°C. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, confirmed the formation of AgNPs with sizes of 20–30 nm. AgNPs synthesized in PPE were more stable toward electrolyte-induced aggregation than those synthesized using the conventional NaBH4/citrate method. The AgNPs synthesized in PPE showed antibacterial activities comparable to those of AgNO3 at the same silver concentration against four pathogenic bacterial strains. The obtained PPE containing AgNPs, pectin, and other phytochemicals can be utilized further to produce antibacterial and antioxidant films in food packaging and medical applications.

Development of Rice Straw Paper Coated with Pomelo Peel Extract for Bio-Based and Antibacterial Packaging

This study aimed to develop paper packaging from rice straw fibers with its function as antibacterial activity obtained from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peels. Paper with ca. 106.42 g/m2 basis weight, 0.34 mm thickness, 34.15 % brightness and 78.7 N.m/g tensile index was prepared from rice straw fibers and pulps. Bioactive compounds of crude pomelo peels extracted using maceration technique with 75% (v/v) ethanol were coated onto rice straw papers at concentration of 10, 15 and 20 % (w/v). The coated papers had similar thickness, and slightly lower tensile index and brightness as compared to those of control papers. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the changes of surface and cross-section structures of coated and uncoated papers. The rice straw coated papers had relatively greater barrier property to prevent water absorption. In addition, the coated papers with pomelo peel extract showed significant antibacterial activity against food pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. This study reveals the benefits of natural by-products as a potential material for active packaging.

Pomelo Peel Extract as Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel in Simulated Seawater and Acidic Mediums

This study was aimed to establish the possibility of using an eco-friendly plant-based pomelo peel with different concentrations to formulate a novel corrosion green inhibitor for steel applications in 3.5% NaCl and 0.1 M HCl solutions at 30 °C. The corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency were evaluated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques corresponded with surface morphology characterization of the corroded steel samples without and with inhibitors using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS). Based on the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results, it was found that the pomelo peels extract is a mixture of the chemical compounds of naringin (C27H32O14), auraptene (C19H22O3) and naringenin-4′-O-glucoside (C21H22O10). The results were also indicated that there is a remarkable improvement in the inhibition efficiency and corrosion rate of low-carbon steel after the addition of inhibitor, and as well as the immersion time was profound to have a significant effect on the corrosion behavior of the different concentrations of inhibitor. The pomelo peels extract of 8000 ppm concentration gave the best inhibition efficiency of 74.64 and 71.15% in 0.1 M HCl and 3.5% NaCl, respectively. The adsorption isotherm of pomelo peels within different concentrations on the steel surface conforms Langmuir’s isotherm, and the thermodynamic parameters of Kads and ΔG have also been calculated and discussed.

Waste Pomelo (Citrus Maxima) Peels – A Natural Source of Antioxidant and Its Utilization in Peanut Oil for Suppressing the Development of Rancidity

The antioxidant activity of pomelo peels was evaluated with different organic solvents. Minimum yield (11.1%) was obtained with chloroform +methanol (2:1), maximum yield (21.6%) with methanol whereas (15.9%) with ethanol and (12.7%) with hexane were observed. The maximum scavenging activity of (ethanolic pomelo peel extract) 88.8 % was observed at 14mg/ml concentration. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic pomelo peel extract was evaluated by calculating free fatty acid, iodine value and p-Anisidine value of peanut oil during 21 days of storage period at room temperature. Samples were drawn and analyze periodically after 7 days and after 21 days of storage, peanut oil containing 1500 and 2000 ppm pomelo peel extract, be revealed lower free fatty acid values (2.66, 2.15%), and p- anisidine value (6.6, 4.68) and higher iodine value (52.8, 51.46) than control peanut oil sample (free fatty acid 9.32%, p- anisidine value 9.85 and iodine value 33.9). From the results, it could be concluded that natural antioxidants extracted from pomelo peel could be added to fat and oil to increase their shelf life by preventing oxidative rancidity.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium-Tellurium Quantum Dots Using Pomelo Peel Aqueous Extract

Quantum dots finds wide applications in optoelectronics due to their notable fluorescence property. In the present work, cadmium tellurium was synthesized in a green synthesis process using waste pomelo peel extract. The synthesized quantum dots were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis in order to distinguish its properties for optical applications. The presence of a functional group including carboxyl, amine and hydroxyl groups was identified using FT-IR spectroscopy. The size of quantum dots was found to be 6.68 nm and the mono-dispersion pattern of the synthesized quantum dots was distinguished using selected area electron diffraction pattern. The crystalline structure of the synthesized quantum dots was confirmed by XRD with an average size of 4–6 nm. The change in blue shift at 392 nm was confirmed primarily by UV–visible. The transition nature of the synthesized quantum dots was studied with the binding energy of 532 eV by XPS analysis. The influence of temperature with respect to mass change of 29.4% was observed at 300°C.

Phytochemical content and antioxidant activities of pomelo peel extract

Background: There is an increasing interest in the antioxidant measurement of some plant constituents. Plant component, especially fruit, has antioxidant components which are safe, economic, and powerful to reduce oxidative stress and replace synthetic ones. Objective: To quantitatively measure the flavonoids, Vitamin C, and carotenoid content of hydroalcoholic extract and to estimate the antioxidant activity of pomelo peel extract (PPE) and minimum inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of the extract using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ethanolic solution. Materials and Methods: Hydroalcoholic PPE was prepared; total flavonoids using aluminum chloride method, Vitamin C using thiourea and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method, and carotenoid content of the extract were estimated using 95% ethanol solution. All measurements were estimated using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity and IC50of PPE were measured using DPPH method. Results: Flavonoids, Vitamin C, and carotenoid content were measured as 21.20 mg/100 g, 15.13 mg/100 g, and 62.98 μg/g, respectively, of dry PPE. The DPPH radical scavenging activity exhibits a significant dose-dependent inhibition of DPPH radical color, with IC50being at a concentration of 68.55 μg/ml of the extract, comparable to 55.87 μg/ml IC50of Vitamin C standard antioxidant. Conclusion: From the study results, we could conclude that pomelo peel possesses high antioxidant properties and it is potentially rich sources of natural antioxidants.

Respon Populasi Kutu Daun Persik Terhadap Pemberian Beberapa Jenis Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk pada Cabai

Myzus persicae is the main pest in chili which causes decreasing production and qualities of chili. The was aimed to know the effect of Pomelo and Orange’s peel extract to controlling green peach aphids population. The research was conducted in screen house located in Colomadu, Karanganyar regency from October 2017- January 2018. This research used Randomized Complete Design with 2 factors i.e variety of orange’s peel extract and levels of concentration. The various Citrus’s peel extract consisted of Pomelo’s peel extract and Orange’s peel extract. Levels of concentration from each extracts i.e 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16%. Each treatment replicated 5 times. The result showed that Citrus peel extracts had effect on the green peach aphid population and had no effect on the growth of chili. The LC50 value of Pomelo and Orange’s peel extracts were 4,77% and 5,56%. Pomelo and orange peel extract treatment on differrent concentration was not give effect on the percentage of the attack intensity.