Poly Vinylsulfonic Acid Research Articles

Development of Ionic Polymer Membrane Based on PVDF for Capacitor Application

Objective: To address these issues, we propose the use of ionic polymer membranes. By reducing the demand for synthetic plastics, these membranes contribute to pollution reduction. Moreover, they offer economic and environmental benefits. Ionic polymers can also help limit carbon dioxide emissions. Method: In our study, we created a blend of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and polyvinyl sulfonic acid (PVSA). This blend was used to fabricate an ionic membrane through the solvent casting method. The resulting membrane acts as a successful dielectric material, sandwiched between copper electrodes. We conducted extensive characterization, including microstructure analysis, crystal structure examination, identification of functional groups, and thermal behavior assessment. Results: Our findings demonstrate the potential of ionic polymer membranes for capacitor applications. By varying the composition of PVDF/PVP/PVSA, we explored different dielectric properties. Notably, the ionic polymer electrolyte can serve as an effective dielectric material, with copper electrodes providing a practical application. Conclusion: Our investigation included electrical current density measurements using cyclic voltammetry, elemental composition analysis, morphological studies, and material composition assessments.

Impregnating graphene oxide into polyvinylsulphonic acid–sterculia gum hydrogels to modulate antibiotic drug vancomycin interactions for controlled drug delivery applications

Recently, graphene oxide (GO) has been well explored for biomedical applications due to its stability, biocompatibility and large surface area. Herein this research, GO incorporated sterculia gum-poly(VSA) hydrogels were designed by encapsulating vancomycin antibiotic drug for use in colon specific drug delivery.

Investigation of microstructure, molecular weight of polyallylamine and polyvinyl sulfonic acid and copolymers by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Polyallylamine hydrochloride P(AlAm.HCl) is a polycationic polymer and Polyvinyl sulfonic acid P (VSA) is an anionic polymer. Therefore, synthesis of copolymer between (AlAm.HCl) and (VSA) in the different mole ratios of feed composition, can be obtained amphiphilic copolymers. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been performed research regarding the identification of polymers and copolymers of P(AlAm) and P(VSA), and This is the first study of the identification of polymers and copolymers of P(AlAm), and P(VSA). In this work, we investigated microstructural behavior and molecular weight of homo and copolymers by MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry. The intensity peak for P(AlAm.HCl) is higher than P(AlAm)., we observed intensity peaks in 1700–2100 Da and 2300–2500 Da. Therefore, we can mention the molecular weight in P(AlAm.HCl) is higher than P(AlAm). Therefore, the molecular weight of P(AlAm.HCl) is higher than P(AlAm). For investigation of the microstructure and the molecular weight of P(VSA) and P(VSANa), we used MALDI-TOF Mass spectroscopy and obtained cyclic formation for P(VSA). Also, it can be investigated the microstructure of synthesized copolymer by MALDI-TOF-Mass spectroscopy. Then, the P(AlAmHCl) amount in a mole ratio of feed composition is high, Therefore, the microstructure of copolymer tendency to alternate copolymers. P(AlAm.HCl) is purely amorphous, while P(AlAm) showed some weak NaCl intensity peaks. The structures were completely amorphous as specified from the XRD patterns. It was also observed that the amount of holes in SEM micrographs increases as the VSA amount increases.

Functionalisation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surfaces with two cationised xylans by means of two anchoring polymers

Abstract The main aim of this investigation was to study the interaction of cationised xylans as antimicrobial substances with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) model films, prepared by spin coating. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D) with dissipation monitoring was applied as a nanogram sensitive balance to detect the amount of adsorbed cationised xylans. The xylan adsorption onto PET model films was studied as a function of pH and ionic strength. To improve the adsorption, positively charged polyethylenimid (PEI) and negatively charged polyvinyl-sulfonic acid (PVSA), as sodium salt, were applied as anchoring polymers. Surface free energies and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of surfaces were monitored by goniometry. Cationised xylans favourably deposited at pH 5, where beside electrostatic, physical interactions are possible, and adsorption may be driven by entropy gain. Higher ionic strengths of solutions also improved adsorption, due to the lower water solubilities of xylans. When intermediate layers of chosen anchoring polymers were applied on the PET surfaces, the binding of xylans as well as their coating durability were improved. Surface modifications presented in this work, provided important information regarding the adsorption/desorption phenomena between antimicrobial cationised xylans and synthetic PET surfaces. The latter is of great interest, when composing hydrophilic and antimicrobial PET surfaces for medical applications.

Design of hydrogels to stabilize and enhance bone morphogenetic protein activity by heparin mimetics

Although bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is known to be the most potent stimulator available for bone formation, a major barrier to widespread clinical use is its inherent instability and absence of an adequate delivery system. Heparin is being widely used in controlled release systems due to its strong binding ability and protective effect for many growth factor proteins. In this work, we developed a hydrogel surface that can mimic heparin to stabilize BMP-2 and to enhance osteogenesis by introducing heparin-mimicking sulfonated molecules such as poly-vinylsulfonic acid (PVSA) or poly-4-styrenesulfonic acid (PSS), into photo-crosslinkable hydrogel. Bioactivity of BMP-2 was well preserved in the presence of polysulfonates during exposure to various therapeutically relevant stressors. The heparin-mimicking sulfonated hydrogels were effective to bind BMP-2 compared to unmodified MeGC hydrogel and significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) without the addition of exogenous BMP-2. The sulfonated hydrogels were effective in delivering exogenous BMP-2 with reduced initial burst and increased BMSCs osteogenesis induced by BMP-2. These findings suggest a novel hydrogel platform for sequestering and stabilizing BMP-2 to enhance osteoinductive activity in bone tissue engineering. Statement of SignificanceAlthough bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is believed to be the most potent cytokine for bone regeneration, its clinical applications require supraphysiological BMP dosage due to its intrinsic instability and fast enzymatic degradation, leading to worrisome side effects. This study demonstrates a novel hydrogel platform that mimics a natural protector of BMPs, heparin, to sequester and stabilize BMP-2 for increased osteoinductive signaling. This study will achieve the stabilization of BMPs with prolonged bioactivity by a synthetic heparin mimic that has not been examined previously. Moreover, the heparin mimetic hydrogel surface can augment endogenous BMP activity by sequestering and localizing the cell-produced BMPs. The additional knowledge gained from this study may suggest basis for future development of material-based therapeutics for tissue engineering.

Polyvinylsulfonic acid: A Low-cost RNase inhibitor for enhanced RNA preservation and cell-free protein translation

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness and economics of polyvinyl sulfonic acid (PVSA) as a ribonuclease inhibitor for in vitro systems is reported. PVSA was shown to inhibit RNA cleavage in the presence of RNase A as well as in the presence of Escherichia coli lysate, suggesting that PVSA can act as a broader ribonuclease inhibitor. In addition, PVSA was shown to improve the integrity of mRNA transcripts by up to 5-fold in vitro as measured by their translational viability. Improved preservation of mRNA transcripts in the presence of PVSA under common RNA storage conditions is also reported. A cost comparison with commercially available RNAse inhibitors indicates the economic practicality of PVSA which is approximately 1,700 times less expensive than commonly used ribonuclease inhibitors. PVSA can also be separated from RNA by alcohol precipitation for applications that may be sensitive to the presence of PVSA.

Poly (phenazine 2,3-diimino(pyrrole-2-yl)) as Redox Stimulated Actuator Material for Selected Organic Dyes

The use of polymers as actuator materials has been reported extensively in the recent years. Polymers based actuators have specifically drawn attention of scientists as valves for drug delivery applications. This spurred us on for studying the actuation properties of doped polypyrrole based phenazine derivative and its drug delivery application using cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, UV-Vis spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We investigated the flexibility provided by molecular hinged linking molecule (phenazine) in an accordion type polymer- poly(phenazine 2,3-diimino(pyrole-2-yl)) doped with polyvinyl sulfonic acid (PVSA) with the objective of getting insights about generation of conformational changes required for the introduction of large space volume for actuation. The actuation thus developed was tested on redox dyes such as pyrocatechol violet and methyl orange for their controlled adsorption and release from the doped polymeric material to assess its potential as a smart drug delivery device.

In-situ electrosynthesized nanostructured Mn3O4-polyaniline nanofibers- biointerface for endocrine disrupting chemical detection

We report results of the studies relating to fabrication of an electrochemical biosensor platform based on in-situ electrosynthesized manganese oxide (Mn3O4)-polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers for detection of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical. The spherical Mn3O4 nanoparticles synthesized using cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide were modified with PANI in presence of polyvinyl sulphonic acid and glutaraldehyde. The tyrosinase (Tyrs) molecules covalently immobilized on the PANI-modified Mn3O4 nanofibers surface were characterized using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This electrochemical biosensor exhibits a response time of 20s, sensitivity of 0.776mAμM−1Lcm−2, respectively, and 0.134mAμM−1Lcm−2 in the concentration ranges, 0.004–0.09×10−6molL−1 and 0.2–0.8×10−6molL−1 of BPA.

Size and morphology controlled synthesis of barium sulfate

In this work submicron barium sulfate (BaSO4) particles were synthesized successfully by chemical precipitation technique. We focused on the effects of pH and additives on the size and morphology of BaSO4 crystals. Polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were used as crystal growth modifiers. BaSO4 crystals were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared resonance techniques. The results show that the submicron BaSO4 particles have been synthesized successfully and the particle size of the barium sulfate was effectively controlled under the experimental conditions. Experimental studies revealed that the additive concentration and pH had great effect on the morphology and size of barium sulfate.

Synthesis of Pyrazole by Using Polyvinylsulfonic Acid (PVSA) as a Novel Bronsted Acid Catalyst

Synthesis of Pyrazole by Using Polyvinylsulfonic Acid (PVSA) as a Novel Bronsted Acid Catalyst

GOx LbL Based Film Growth over Porous Alumina (PA) Followed by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

ABSTRACTIn this study, the growth of LbL film of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH), polyvinyl sulfonic acid (PVS) and glucose oxidase (GOx) in porous anodic alumina substrate (PAA) was accompanied by total reflectance technique. The PAA substrate was synthesized with aluminum anodisation and sample morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

A lock-and-key mechanism for the controllable fabrication of DNA origami structures.

Controllable fabrication of DNA origami structures was achieved using cationic comb-type copolymers (CCCs) as locks and polyvinyl sulphonic acid (PVS) as a key. A CCC binds to the phosphate backbone of either M13mp18/staples alone or both together and restricts origami folding, while PVS unlocks the CCC, restoring the formation of origami structures.

Effects of crystal habit modifiers on the morphology of calcium sulfate dihydrate grown in strong CaCl2‐HCl solutions

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work deals with the effect of several additives on the morphology of calcium sulfate dihydrate (DH) crystals, produced by reactive crystallization involving strong CaCl2–HCl solutions. Experiments were conducted at 40 °C under various conditions, namely homogeneous and seeded (heterogeneous) crystallization in CaCl2/HCl solutions ranging from very dilute (0.42 mol L−1/0.04 mol L−1) to very concentrated (1.8 mol L−1/6.3 mol L−1).RESULTSIn the absence of additives a distinct difference in crystal morphology was observed depending on solution composition. Homogeneously formed DH crystals from dilute solution were in the form of needles. DH crystals formed in concentrated acid solution were thick elongated plates. The most influential additives in concentrated solutions were CTAB (cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide), PAA (polyacrylic acid) and PVS (polyvinyl sulfonic acid). CTAB favoured formation of industrially interesting thick slab crystals. In contrast PAA favoured the formation of elongated and thinner crystals as a result of preferential crystal plane adsorption. PVS had a detrimental effect on DH crystal nucleation and growth explained by its polymeric structure.CONCLUSIONApart from PVS, CTAB and PAA no influence was seen for the majority of additives tested. This was attributed to lack of ionization caused by the highly acidic solutions. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

Improved direct methanol fuel cell performance of layer-by-layer assembled composite and catalyst containing membranes

The development of composite membranes and catalyst containing membranes (CCMs) with low methanol permittivity attracts a great deal of research attention for achieving higher performance in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Here, the fabrication and DMFC performance of composite and catalyst containing membranes (CCM) via layer-by-layer (lbl) technique are demonstrated. lbl composite and catalyst containing membrane based membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) show quite impressive cell performance. While the single cell performances of lbl composite membrane based MEAs are found to be in the range of 19.5 and 22mWcm−2, DMFC performance of MEA obtained from Pt containing self-assembled 10 bilayer of polyallylamine hydrochloride and polyvinylsulfonic acid, (PAH/PVS-H+)10-Pt, is found to be 24mWcm−2. This performance is nearly 65.5% higher compared to pure Nafion®112 based MEA. Inductive coupling plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) result shows that Pt particles incorporate inside lbl multilayers with a loading of 0.28μgcm−2. From the analyses of the performance evaluations, it is emphasized that the use of thin lbl catalyst containing membranes can be possible and quite promising in DMFC applications instead of thicker membranes due to their improved methanol barrier properties as well as proton conductivity.

Induced-charge electro-osmosis of polymer-containing fluid around a metallic rod

Induced-charge electro-osmotic (ICEO) flow of polymer-containing electrolyte solution around a cylindrical gold-coated stainless steel rod under AC electric field is measured by micro-particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) for the first time. The ICEO flows as functions of the amount of non-ionic PEG (polyethylene glycol), cationic PDADMA (polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride), and anionic PVSASS (polyvinylsulfonic acid sodium salt) polymers added into the salt solution, frequency, and strength of the AC electric field are measured. The ICEO flow of polymer-containing fluid around the rod is quadrupolar with four vortices and is proportional to the square of imposed electric field. The ICEO flow velocity exponentially decreases with an increased concentration of neutral PEG. Ionic polyelectrolytes significantly increase ICEO velocities due to the enriched net charge within the induced electric double layer arising from the electrostatic interaction between the polarized rod’s surface and the charged polyelectrolytes in ionic polymer solution. In addition, polymer concentration affects the dependence of the ICEO flow on the frequency of AC electric field.

Various shaped-ZnO nanocrystals via low temperature synthetic methods: Surfactant and pH dependence

ZnO nanocrystals, rod-, carnation-, and flower-like structures, have been synthesized in a high yield through low-temperature synthetic methods. Well-aligned ZnO nanorods having hexagonal wurtzite structure were grown on the ZnO thin films assembled by a spin-coating method. The morphologies of ZnO seed films are affected by pHs of sol–gel solutions, resulting smaller sizes and homogeneous roughness at higher pHs and higher number of spin-coating times. The carnation-like structures, average size of about 2–3 μm, were assembled by tens of uniform ZnO nanosheet petals of ∼50 nm in thickness when a different volume ratio of the precursory solution was used. ZnO nanocrystals on the facets of the compact ZnO nanorods have grown to linear nanorods having an average diameter of ∼500 nm and length of ∼2 μm. Furthermore, a noticeable difference in the growth of ZnO nanocrystals in the presence of various surfactants, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylsulphonic acid, and polyethyleneimine, has been observed and discussed.

Molecularly imprinted polyaniline-polyvinyl sulphonic acid composite based sensor for para-nitrophenol detection

We report results of the studies relating to the fabrication and characterization of a conducting polymer based molecularly imprinted para-nitrophenol (PNP) sensor. A water pollutant, para-nitrophenol is electrochemically imprinted with polyvinyl sulphonic acid (PVSA) doped polyaniline onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate. This PNP imprinted electrode (PNPI-PANI-PVSA/ITO) prepared via chronopotentiometric polymerization and over-oxidation is characterized by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, contact angle (CA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) studies. The response studies of PNPI-PANI-PVSA/ITO electrode carried out using DPV reveal a lower detection limit of 1×10−3mM, improved sensitivity as 1.5×10−3AmM−1 and stability of 45 days. The PNPI-PANI-PVSA/ITO electrode shows good precision with relative standard deviation of 2.1% and good reproducibility with standard deviation of 3.78%.

Chemically Cross‐Linked Poly(acrylic‐co‐vinylsulfonic) Acid Hydrogel for the Delivery of Isosorbide Mononitrate

We report synthesis, characterization, and drug release attributes of a series of novel pH-sensitive poly(acrylic-co-vinylsulfonic) acid hydrogels. These hydrogels were prepared by employing free radical polymerization using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and benzyl peroxide (BPO) as cross-linker and initiator, respectively. Effect of acrylic acid (AA), polyvinylsulfonic acid (PVSA), and EGDMA on prepared hydrogels was investigated. All formulations showed higher swelling at high pHs and vice versa. Formulations containing higher content of AA and EGDMA show reduced swelling, but one with higher content of PVSA showed increased swelling. Hydrogel network was characterized by determining structural parameters and loaded with isosorbide mononitrate. FTIR confirmed absence of drug polymer interaction while DSC and TGA demonstrated molecular dispersion of drug in a thermally stable polymeric network. All the hydrogel formulations exhibited a pH dependent release of isosorbide mononitrate which was found to be directly proportional to pH of the medium and PVSA content and inversely proportional to the AA contents. Drug release data were fitted to various kinetics models. Results indicated that release of isosorbide mononitrate from poly(AA-co-VSA) hydrogels was non-Fickian and that the mechanism was diffusion-controlled.

Polyvinylsulfonic Acid: An Efficient, Water-Soluble and Reusable Brønsted Acid Catalyst for the Three-Component Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones in Water and Ethanol

A facile and environmentally benign protocol has been developed for the one-pot three-component synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones from the cyclocondensation reaction of aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate (β-dicarbonyl compound) and urea or thiourea using polyvinylsulfonic acid as a reusable homogeneous Bronsted acid- and metal-free organocatalyst in water and ethanol. This new protocol has the advantages of easy availability, stability, reusability and eco-friendly of the catalyst, high to excellent yields, simple experimental and work-up procedure.

ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, High Yielding, and Eco‐Friendly Method for the Synthesis of 14‐Aryl‐ or 14‐Alkyl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes Using Polyvinylsulfonic Acid as a Recyclable Broensted Acid Catalyst.

AbstractSeventeen title compounds of type (III) are prepared from 2‐naphtol (I) and aldehydes (II) using polyvinylsulfonic acid (PVSA).