Extraction Rate Of Polysaccharides Research Articles

Extraction and Chemical Composition Analyses of Intracellular and Extracellular Polysaccharides from Trametes lactinea Liquid Fermentation

Trametes lactinea is a macrofungus commonly found on broadleaf tree felling piles with rich bioactivity, and its main active substances are polysaccharides, which have a certain medicinal value. Few studies have been conducted on the simultaneous study of intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of fermented mycelia in liquid culture. In this study, T. lactinea collected from Eucalyptus stumps was subjected to liquid fermentation culturing and the extraction of intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides from the mycelium was optimized using unidirectional and orthogonal test methods. The intracellular and extracellular crude polysaccharides were isolated and purified, and polysaccharide fractions were obtained and assayed for their chemical composition. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) The optimal conditions for the extraction of intracellular polysaccharides from T. lactinea mycelium were a material–liquid ratio of 1:40, an extraction temperature of 100 °C, a time of 5 h, and four repeats, wherein the polysaccharide extraction rate reached 5.1%. The optimal extraction conditions for the extracellular polysaccharides were a concentration ratio of 5:1, a concentration temperature of 70 °C, an ethanol concentration of 100.0%, and an alcohol settling time of 12 h. The polysaccharides could thus be extracted up to 0.63 mg/mL. (2) The intracellular and extracellular crude polysaccharides of T. lactinea mycelium were successfully isolated and purified, resulting in three homogeneous fractions of intracellular polysaccharides (IP-1, IP-2, and IP-3) and two homogeneous fractions of extracellular polysaccharides (EP-1 and EP-2). (3) The polysaccharide chemical composition resulted in the highest total sugar content of EP-1. IP-3 had the highest uronic acid content. The results of the monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the mycelial intracellular polysaccharides IP-1, IP-2, and IP-3 were all highest in glucose. Both IP-2 and IP-3 contained guluronic acid and glucuronic acid. Mannose was the most abundant extracellular polysaccharide in both EP-1 and EP-2. This study provides theoretical and technical bases for the comprehensive development and utilization of T. lactinea polysaccharides.

Microwave-assisted puffing of Dendrobium officinale for higher extraction rate of polysaccharides

In order to increase the extraction rate of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides, microwave puffing was used to process its fresh stems and the processing parameters were optimized. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of sample length (1–5cm), moisture content (15%–25%), microwave power (550–790 W), and microwave processing time (20–40 s) on the expansion ratio. The results showed that the optimized expansion ratio of 371.7% was achieved at the following conditions, i.e., sample length of 3.5 cm, moisture content of 23%, microwave power of 706 W, and processing time of 35 s. It was found that polysaccharides were extracted more readily from puffed D. officinale than from non-puffed D. officinale by 41.8%. Moreover, the bioactivities of polysaccharides from puffing D. officinale and non-puffing D. officinale were evaluated and compared in lipid peroxidation inhibition and anti-hyperglycemic assays.
 Keywords: Dendrobium officinale; Microwave puffing; Polysaccharides; Lipid peroxidation; Anti-hyperglycemic activity

Extraction, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus vaninii with Anti-Inflammatory Activity.

In order to obtain homogeneous Sanghuangporus vaninii polysaccharides with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, a response surface method (RSM) was used to compare the polysaccharide extraction rate of hot water extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction from Sanghuangporus vaninii. The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction were determined as follows: an extraction temperature of 60 °C, an extraction time of 60 min, a solid-liquid ratio of 40 g/mL, and an ultrasonic power of 70 W. An SVP (Sanghuangporus vaninii polysaccharides) extraction rate of 1.41% was achieved. Five homogeneous monosaccharides were obtained by gradient ethanol precipitation with diethylaminoethyl-cellulose (DEAE) and SephadexG-100 separation and purification. The five polysaccharides were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography, the ultraviolet spectrum, the Fourier transform infrared spectrum, TG (thermogravimetric analysis), the Zeta potential, and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The five polysaccharides had certain levels of antioxidant activity in vitro. In addition, we the investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of polysaccharides derived from Sanghuangporus vaninii on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells and Kupffer cells. Further, we found that SVP-60 significantly inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells and promoted the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Our study provides theoretical support for the potential application of Sanghuangporus vaninii in the field of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.

The extraction and anti-inflammatory screening of Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu

“Zicao” has a long medicinal history and has a variety of pharmacological activities. As the main resource of “zicao” in Tibet, Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu (tuan hua dian zi cao), usually used for treating pneumonia in Tibet, has not been reported deeply. In order to determine the main anti-inflammatory active ingredients of Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu, in this study, the extracts enriched in naphthoquinones and polysaccharides were optimized prepared form Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu by ultrasonic extraction, and reflux extraction, respectively, with Box-Behnken design effect surface method. And their anti-inflammatory abilities were screened on LPS induced A549 cells model, for figuring out the anti-inflammatory active ingredients from Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu. The extract enriched naphthoquinone was obtained under following condition: extract with 85% ethanol in a liquid to material ratio of 1:40 g/mL at 30 °C for 30 minutes using ultrasound, leading to the extraction rate of total naphthoquinone as 0.98 ± 0.017%; the extract enriched polysaccharides was prepared as follows: extract 82 minutes at 100 °C with distilled water in a liquid to material ratio of 1:50 g/mL, with extraction rate of polysaccharide as 7.07 ± 0.02%. On the LPS-induced A549 cell model, the polysaccharide extract from Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu showed better anti-inflammatory effects than the naphthoquinone extract, indicating the extract enriched in polysaccharides is the anti-inflammatory extract of Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu, which could serve as a potential anti-inflammatory extract in medical and food industries in the future.

Ultrasonic extraction, structural modification and gastric mucosal cells protective activity of a polysaccharide from Dendrobium denneanum

Optimize the ultrasonic extraction process of polysaccharides from Dendrobium denneanum by Response surface design (RSM). The main polysaccharide (DP40) from was separated by anion exchange chromatography, and its structure was modified by low-temperature plasma. The results showed that the polysaccharide extraction rate of ultrasonic was 22.98 ± 0.97%, which was significantly higher than water extraction method(P < 0.05). FT-IR showed that low-temperature plasma modification could improve the water solubility and OH content. NMR showed that the 1 → 6 glycosidic bonds of DP40 are transformed into 1 → 4 glycosidic bonds and 1 → 3 glycosidic bonds, and the α-configuration sugar ring is transformed into β-configuration after plasma treatment. SEM and TEM analysis showed that the morphology of modified DP40 changed from layered porous network structure to smooth morphology, and bulged into semicircular particles, and the degree of cross-linking of surface molecules increased. The results of biological activity experiments indicated that the modified polysaccharide (500–1000 μg·mL−1) can significantly improve the survival rate of GES-1 cells (p < 0.01). Compared with the untreated group, the high concentration of 1000 μg·mL−1 DP40-plasma could not only reduce ROS by 14.5% (p < 0.05) and MDA by 27.45% (p < 0.05), increase SOD activity by 28.27%, but also reduce cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β) by 31.82% (p < 0.05), 33.23% (p < 0.05) and 21.97% (p < 0.05), respectively. At the same time, low-temperature plasma modification can effectively reduce the caspase 3 activity, prevent cell apoptosis, and protect gastric mucosal cells from ethanol damage. Therefore, low-temperature plasma modification can improve the biological activity of DP40 polysaccharide by altering its structural characteristics. The results provide a new idea for the application of low-temperature plasma modification in biomacromolecules.

Preparation and Analysis of Pueraria lobata Polysaccharides.

Pueraria lobata polysaccharides (PLPs) were obtained by a hot water extraction method. Starting from the single factor experiment, the extraction was optimized by response surface methodology, and the following optimal extraction parameters were obtained: the extraction temperature was 84 °C, the liquid-solid ratio was 11 mL/g, the extraction time was 73 min, and the extraction rate of polysaccharides was 8.59%. The Sevag method was used to remove the protein soluble in water and H2O2 was used to remove the pigment; then PLPs were precipitated with three times of anhydrous ethanol, soluble salts and other small molecules were removed by dialysis, and finally refined PLPs were obtained by freeze-drying.

Extraction, structural characterization, and biological activities of a new glucan from Codonopsis pilosula

In this study, a powerful and rapid aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) method was used to extract polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula. The ATPS process was investigated with response surface methodology (RSM). At an ammonium sulfate concentration of 17%, ethanol concentration of 30%, and extraction temperature of 40 °C at pH 6, the total extraction yield of polysaccharides reached (31.57 ± 1.28)%. After separation and purification, a homogenized polysaccharide CPP 2–4 with molecular weight of 3.9 × 104 kDa was obtained from the bottom phase. The physicochemical properties and structural features confirmed that CPP 2–4 was an α-1,6-glucan. Activity studies showed that the IC50 of CPP 2–4 for DPPH radical scavenging was 0.105 mg/mL. The FRAP and ABTS assays showed that CPP 2–4 had strong antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CPP 2–4 inhibited NO release in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, which indicated a certain anti-inflammatory effect. This study improved the extraction rate of polysaccharides from C. pilosula and identified a glucan for the first time, that can contribute to a better understanding of the composition and structure of polysaccharides from C. pilosula and provide data support for the medicine and food homology of C. pilosula.

Effect of microwave‐assisted acid extraction on the physicochemical properties and structure of soy hull polysaccharides

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the extraction method on the physicochemical and structural properties of soy hull polysaccharide (SHP). Four types of SHP were extracted from soy hulls under the conditions of microwave‐assisted oxalic acid (or citric acid) extraction and hot water extraction: MOSP, MCSP, HOSP and HCSP. The results showed the polysaccharide extraction rate of MOSP, HOSP, MCSP and HCSP was 11.97%, 8.99%, 6.22% and 4.74% respectively. SHP is mainly composed of arabinose, galactose, mannose and galacturonic acid, and the relative molecular weight range was 104–106 Da. FT‐IR showed that SHP contained hydroxyl, amido, ester, carboxyl and ether bonds. The fingerprints of SHP showed that the main chain composition and molecular weight of the four SHPs were similar, and the main constituent unit was 1,4‐α‐D‐GalpA. In addition, the branched chains of polysaccharides contained 1,5‐α‐L‐arabinoside bond, β‐ 1,4‐mannoside bond and β‐1,4‐galactoside bond.

Chemical composition and sugar spectroscopy of soy hull polysaccharides obtained by microwave‐assisted salt extraction

Soy hull polysaccharides (SHP) have superior physicochemical properties, such as emulsification, stability, dispersibility, and high solubility, and also have high nutritional value. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different salt extractants and microwave-assisted extraction on the structural properties of SHP. It found that the extraction rate was significantly higher (P < .05) when ammonium oxalate was used as the extractant than sodium citrate. Microwave-assisted extraction increased the extraction rate of polysaccharides and uronic acid content, reduced the protein content, and facilitated the extraction of macromolecules. The SHP extracted by microwave-assisted salt extraction were all dominated by galacturonic acid, arabinose, mannose, and galactose, with the relative molecular weights in the range of 104–106 Da. The infrared spectra showed that all these polysaccharides contained hydroxyl, amide, ester, carboxyl, and ether bonds. The ammonium oxalate polysaccharide showed a helical conformation in an aqueous solution, and the sodium citrate polysaccharide showed a circular conformation. Sugar spectroscopy analysis showed that the main chain composition and molecular weight of SHP obtained by different extraction methods were similar. The characteristic fingerprints of SHP from different extraction processes could be distinguished by high-performance size exclusion chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry after enzymatic digestion. In this study, we systematically investigated the effect of microwave-assisted salt extraction on the structure and conformation of SHP, investigated the spectral differences after polysaccharide hydrolysis using glycomics, and provided new insights into the differentiation of polysaccharides. Novelty impact statement Microwave-assisted salt extraction of SHP was built. The main constituent unit of SHP was α-1,4-D-GalpA. Sugar spectroscopy is used in polysaccharide structural analysis.

Structure Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Amomum villosum extracted with Alkaline Solution

In this study, A. villosum was used as the raw material, and the crude polysaccharides of A. villosum were extracted by 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution. After the protein was removed by the Sevag method, the polysaccharides of A. villosum were obtained. The extraction rate of polysaccharides was 3.97%, the total sugar content was 37.10%, the uronic acid content was 65.66%, the protein content was 4.36%, and the molecular weight of polysaccharide was 95.46 kDa. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography showed that A. villosum polysaccharides were mainly composed of arabinose, xylose, galactose and galacturonic acid. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) results showed that it was an amorphous structure, had a pyran ring, and thermally stable sheet-like acidity heteropolysaccharides. The results of in vitro antioxidant models(DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl free radicals) showed that the polysaccharides of A. villosum had good in vitro antioxidant capacity. This research aims to provide a theoretical basis for the application andproduct development of polysaccharides from A. villosum.

Study on Ultrasonic-assisted Water Extraction of Polysaccharides from Sunflower Tray

Sunflower tray has been widely studied in recent years because of its rich polysaccharide. In this study, sunflower tray powder was used as raw materialto optimizing the process parameters of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides. Single-factor experiments were used to explore the effects of material-liquid ratio, ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power on the extraction rate of polysaccharides; response surface experiments were used to optimize the process parameters for the optimal polysaccharide extraction rate. The experimental results show that: the ratio of material to liquid is 1:37, the ultrasonic temperature is 52.50°C, and the ultrasonic time is 31min, the ultrasonic power is 300W. Extracted twice under this condition, the yield of sunflower tray polysaccharide reached 10.15%, the polysaccharide extraction process is reproducible and stable.

High-efficiency separation and analysis of monosaccharides in Pueraria polysaccharides by pressurized capillary electrochromatography

Pueraria polysaccharides have been proven to possess biological activities such as bacteriostasis, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, and immunity boosting activities. The variation in the structure, composition, and amount of monosaccharides in these polysaccharides may lead to different spatial structures and biological activities. Therefore, extraction of Pueraria polysaccharides and determination of the monosaccharide composition are of great significance for activity analysis and quality control. Direct detection of saccharides is difficult because they are strongly polar and do not show absorption in the ultraviolet region. At present, the commonly used methods for saccharide detection are liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection, gas chromatography-ultraviolet detection, and mass spectrometry. Pressurized capillary electrochromatography is a high-efficiency microseparation technology. In this study, two kinds of Pueraria polysaccharides were extracted by an ultrasonic-assisted method, and response surface methodology was performed to explore the conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Pueraria. The interaction effects of four factors, the liquid-solid ratio, ultrasonic extraction time, ultrasonic extraction temperature, and ultrasonic power, on the extraction rate of the polysaccharides were analyzed. By combining the optimal conditions predicted by the software and the actual equipment conditions, the optimal extraction conditions for Pueraria polysaccharides were chosen as follows:ultrasonic extraction temperature, 90℃; liquid-solid ratio of Pueraria thomsonii Benth, 20 mL/g; liquid-solid ratio of Pueraria lobata Ohwi, 40 mL/g; ultrasonic extraction time, 30 min; ultrasonic power, 180 W. Through data fitting, the multiple quadratic regression equation of the four factors on the extraction rate of Pueraria polysaccharides was established. A novel method based on pressurized capillary electrochromatography for the separation and analysis of eight neutral monosaccharides has been established. The monosaccharides were derivatized by the 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization method. The separation conditions for these monosaccharides were explored, and the buffer concentration, buffer pH, applied voltage, type of chromatographic column, and mobile phase ratio were optimized. Finally, the established pressurized capillary electrochromatography-ultraviolet detection method was applied to the detection and identification of two kinds of actual Pueraria polysaccharide samples. The results of response surface analysis showed that among the four experimental factors, ultrasonic extraction temperature had the greatest influence on the extraction rate of polysaccharides from the two kinds of Pueraria, followed by the liquid-solid ratio; the influence of the ultrasonic extraction time and ultrasonic power was relatively weak. The experimental conditions were determined as follows:the separation of eight neutral monosaccharide derivatives could be realized within 24 min on a Halo-2.7 μm core-shell C18 capillary column with acetonitrile-50 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution (18:82, v/v, pH 4.1) as the mobile phase, by detection at 250 nm under an applied voltage of-20 kV. The separation and detection speeds and the column efficiency achieved with this method were much better than those obtained with the traditional liquid chromatography method. The results show that the proposed method has a good linear relationship and good repeatability. The separation and identification results for the actual samples showed that the polysaccharides of Pueraria thomsonii Benth were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and fucose in the molar ratio 1.00:0.16:0.14:0.07. The polysaccharides of Pueraria lobata Ohwi were mainly composed of glucose and mannose in the molar ratio 1.00:0.70. This study provides a novel method for the rapid and efficient separation and detection of neutral monosaccharides, and serves as a reference for analyzing the monosaccharide composition of Pueraria polysaccharides.

Ultrahigh pressure extraction of polysaccharide from Morinda officinalis and effect on the polysaccharide structure

ABSTRACT In this study, we employed ultrahigh pressure extraction on polysaccharides from Morinda officinalis and evaluated its antioxidant activity. Other two extraction ways as supercritical assisted ultrasonic extraction (SCUE) and thermal reflux extraction were chosen as comparisons. Response surface analysis was used to optimize the Ultrahigh pressure extraction process, and the extraction rate and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides in vitro were also discussed. The results showed that the extraction rate of polysaccharides was significantly superior to the other two methods. Finally, we studied the effect of ultrahigh pressure on the microstructure of Morinda officinalis polysaccharides by infrared spectroscopy.

Kinetic modeling of microwave extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus

Astragalus is one of the traditional Chinese herbs used for both medicine and food, and the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus is popular for its pharmacological activities. In this present study, a new theoretical kinetic model for microwave extraction of polysaccharides was developed by combining Fick's law with microwave electromagnetic field enhancement diffusion theory. Based on fitting to experimental data, a semi-empirical kinetic model was then established using multiple nonlinear regression, achieving a high determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9223. The semi-empirical model was used to provide more insights in microwave extraction and mass transfer mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharides. Astragalus cellular structures as affected by microwave extraction were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, revealing that the extraction was mainly due to the action of microwave-induced pressure in Astragalus cells, causing destruction of Astragalus cellular structure. Practical applications Astragalus is a traditional Chinese herb that can be used for both medicine and food. Extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus is popular as Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has high biological activity for reducing blood sugar, anti-oxidation, anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and enhancing immunity. Therefore, optimizing the extraction process plays an important role in enhancing extraction rate. In this study, kinetic models for microwave extraction of APS were established, scanning electron micrograph revealed that microwave treatment could generate Astragalus intracellular pressure, which caused destruction of the Astragalus cellular structure, thus improving the extraction efficiency. Results indicated that higher degree of Astragalus cellular structure damaged by microwave would lead to higher extraction rate of polysaccharide. The study would thus provide guidance for improving the microwave extraction process of polysaccharides from Astragalus for the industry.

Process optimization for extraction and purification of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola

In this study, taking Cistanche deserticola in Xinjiang as the experimental material, the optimal process for extracting polysaccharides from C. deserticola with water extraction was studied by using single factor and orthogonal experiment. Its effects on protein removal and polysaccharides retaining were investigated by using Sevag, enzymatic method or combination of these two methods, so as to determine the optimal method for protein removal from polysaccharides of C. deserticola; the decolorization and purification methods such as macroporous resin of AB-8 and activated Carbon were used to determine the optimal process. The results showed that the extraction rate of polysaccharides from C. deserticola was 18.40% during the optimal process of the water extraction as follows: extraction temperature 75 ℃, extraction time 165 min and solid-liquid ratio 1∶55. The protein removal rate can reach 31.40% and polysaccharide retention rate can reach 96.00% under the optimal protein removal process: temperature 50 ℃, time 2 h, and papain dosage 0.2%. The decolorization rate of activated Carbon and macroporous resin called AB-8 was 80.37% and 86.43%, and the recovery rate of polysaccharides was 77.05% and 91.93%, respectively, suggesting that macroporous resin was more suitable for decoloration. Macroporous resin named AB-8 increased the purity of the polysaccharide crude extract from 67.70% to 84.80% under the following conditions: concentration of the sample 4 g·L~(-1), concentration of the eluent 60% ethanol, and the flow rate 1 mL·min~(-1), showing significant purification effect.

Ultrasonic-enhanced subcritical water extraction of polysaccharides by two steps and its characterization from Lentinus edodes

Some studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides are the chief ingredient of Lentinus edodes. To extract the useful polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes, we used a novel extraction method, which was named ultrasonic-enhanced subcritical water extraction by two steps (USWE). Four independent factors (extraction temperature, extraction time, liquid-to-solid ratio, and ultrasonic power) were studied. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the USWE condition based on the results of single-factor tests. The maximum extraction rate of polysaccharides was 17.34%. In addition, extracted polysaccharides at optimal condition were compared with subcritical water extraction (SWE), ultrasonic extraction (UE), and hot water extraction (HWE) samples. The antioxidant against 2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picryl‑hydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power were also evaluated. The IC50 value for DPPH scavenging rate of HWE, SWE, UE, and USWE sample was 0.341, 0.237, 0.280, and 0.232 mg/mL, respectively. The USWE sample had the highest reducing power activity. The mole ratio of the monosaccharide composition of four samples was different. The results of AFM and SEM showed that the morphology of the four polysaccharides showed significant differences. These results revealed that USWE was an effective technique for extracting and separating polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes, which may be potentially applied in food, cosmetics, and medicines.

Microwave extraction optimization using the response surface methodology of Fructus Meliae Toosendan polysaccharides and its antioxidant activity

Polysaccharides are the main active component of the Mongolian medicine Fructus Meliae Toosendan, but their effective extraction and antioxidant effects have not been reported. Therefore, the optimization of the microwave extraction of polysaccharides from Fructus Meliae Toosendan (FMTP) using the response interface method was carried out. Single-factor tests on four main factors (the solid–liquid ratio, microwave power, extraction time, and number of extractions) affecting the polysaccharide extraction rate in the microwave extraction process were carried out. Then, using the FMTP content as a response index, central composite tests on the four factors were conducted, and an optimization analysis using the response surface method was completed. Consequently, we obtained the optimum conditions for FMTP microwave extraction: a solvent–material ratio of 30.00 mL/mg, extraction power of 700 W, extraction time of 20 min, and two extractions. The FMTP extraction rate was 15.75% at the optimum conditions, consistent with the theoretical predictions. The crude polysaccharide was further purified to obtain high-purity FMTP polysaccharide, having a weight-average molecular mass of 1288 Da. The antioxidant activities of FMTP were evaluated using the hydroxyl superoxide anion, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and nitrite free radical scavenging assays and reducing power assay. The data show that FMTP has considerable antioxidant activity. Thus, polysaccharides from Fructus Meliae Toosendan could be used as a potential antioxidant agent in medicine or as a functional food.

Study on Extraction Technology for Polysaccharide from Blood-supplementing Angelica Sinensis Decoction

Purpose:Optimize water-alcohol technology for extracting polysaccharide from blood-supplementing angelica sinensis decoction to improve the extraction rate. Method:Draw the standard curve of glucose reference substance and build the regression equation to calculate the polysaccharide content. Investigate the effect of water addition times, extraction duration, extraction times, ethanol concentration for ethanol precipitation and times of ethanol precipitation on the extraction rate of polysaccharide. Result Add 8 times the medicinal material quality of water, and perform 2 extractions for 120min each time; it shows that conducting 2 ethanol precipitations with 80% ethanol concentration results in the maximum polysaccharide content, indicating the best extraction condition. Conclusion:The experiment establishes an easy and convenient water-alcohol method for extracting polysaccharide from blood-supplementing angelica sinensis decoction, and lays a research foundation on pharmacodynamics of polysaccharide in blood-supplementing angelica sinensis decoction.

Separation of polysaccharides from rice husk and wheat bran using solvent system consisting of BMIMOAc and DMI

A solvent system consisting of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), and ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BMIMOAc) was used to separate polysaccharides from rice husk and wheat bran. The effects of the DMI/BMIMOAc ratios, temperature, and time on the dissolution of rice husk and wheat bran were investigated, and the influence of anti-solvents on the regeneration of polysaccharides-rich material was evaluated. We found that the solvent system is more powerful to dissolve rice husk and wheat bran than pure BMIMOAc, and that polysaccharides-rich material can be effectively separated from the biomass solution. The polysaccharides content of regenerated material from wheat bran can reach as high as 94.4% when ethanol was used as anti-solvents. Under optimized conditions, the extraction rate of polysaccharides for wheat bran can reach as high as 71.8% at merely 50°C. The recycled solvent system exhibited constant ability to separate polysaccharides from rice husk and wheat bran.

Optimizing the Conditions for Polysaccharides Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction in Mycelium of Paecilomyces Tenuipes Pt196 Using Statistical Approach

In order to enhance the extraction rate of polysaccharides, a series of statistical approach was used to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions from the mycelium of Paecilomyces tenuipes Pt196. [Metho The optimization of conditions was carried out in two stages. Firstly, the effects of various experimental parameters considered for the investigation (ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time and liquid-solid ratio) were studied using the method of single factor test design experiments. Secondly, a 15-run Box-Behnken design was performed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides. The experimental results of Box-Behnken design were analyzed by response surface methodology and artificial neural network together with genetic algorithm. [Result The optimum conditions for polysaccharides extraction obtained by the application of artificial neural network-genetic algorithm were ultrasonic time 345s, ultrasonic power 320 W and liquid-solid ratio 95 mL·g-1. [Conclusion Artificial neural network-genetic algorithm can effectively select the best extraction conditions of polysaccharides in this study.