Polyphagotarsonemus Latus Banks Research Articles

Comparison of sublethal effects of 3 acaricides on life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae).

To assess the effects of sublethal concentrations of 3 acaricides-Bifenazate, Etoxazole, and Azocyclotin-on the development and reproduction of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks. Our results indicated that the LC20 values of Bifenazate, Etoxazole, and Azocyclotin against T. urticae are 3.196, 25.249, and 32.387mg/L, and against P. latus to be 18.058, 4.641, and 13.755mg/L, respectively. Sublethal concentrations of these acaricides significantly impacted the development time, lifespan, and fecundity of both mite species. Among the acaricides, Azocyclotin significantly extended the immature developmental period of T. urticae and P. latus. All acaricides reduced the lifespan and fecundity of both species, with Etoxazole having the most substantial impact on the daily fecundity and reproductive of T. urticae. The intrinsic rates of natural increase (rm) for T. urticae exposed to Bifenazate, Etoxazole, and Azocyclotin were 0.17, -0.04, and 0.20, respectively. For P. latus, the rm values were 0.27, 0.23, and 0.25, respectively. These results suggest that under the exposure of sublethal acaricides, P. latus gained a competitive advantage in population competition. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the differential impacts of acaricides on various mite species to develop effective pest management strategies.

Biodiversity and mite population fluctuation in different apple orchards in southern Brazil

The aim of this work was to know the population fluctuation of the mites in apple (Malus domestica Borkh: Rosaceae) orchards with different crop management strategies, with emphasis on Aculus schlechtendali Nalepa (Eriophyidae) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) and their natural enemies. The studies were carried out in 2020-21, in three organic orchards (Eva, Fuji and Gala), from Antônio Prado, two conventional (Fuji and Gala), from Muitos Capões, RS, Brazil, and two of regenerative agriculture (Fuji and Gala), in São Joaquim, SC, Brazil. Forty plants/orchard were sampled, from which three leaves/plant from the apical, median and basal offshoot were detached. The material was screened and identified in the laboratory. A total of 7.193 specimens, belonging to 14 families, 29 genera, and 40 species, were collected. The most common phytophagous mites were A. schlechtendali (46.2%), P. ulmi (16.9%) and Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Tarsonemidae) (10.9%). Panonychus ulmi was observed in all orchards, being abundant in conventional and regenerative orchards. The most common predatory mites were Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Phytoseiidae), Agistemus riograndensis Johann and Ferla (Stigmaeidae) and Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann and Oliveira (Stigmaeidae). Among predators, greater diversity was observed in organic orchards, while in conventional and regenerative orchards N. californicus was the most common. Greater acarine abundance was observed when there was an increase in temperatures, and the predatory mites increased their populations in response to the presence of phytophagous mites. The results suggest that the mite populations were influenced by the cultivar and mainly by the management used.

Bioefficacy of Some New Molecule of Insecticides against Sucking Pests of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) in Gangetic Basin of West Bengal

A field study was conducted at C Unit Farm, Kalyani, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal to determine the bio-efficacy of insecticides against sucking insect pests viz., thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood), mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) and aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) in chilli variety bullet during kharif season of 2019. Total seven treatments viz., Flonicamid 50% WG @ 60 g a.i. ha-1, Dimethoate 30% EC@ 300 g a.i. ha-1, Fipronil 5% SC @ 50 g a.i. ha-1, Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 g a.i. ha-1, Propargite 57% EC @ 850 g a.i. ha-1, Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 96 g a.i. ha-1 including control were considered. Among the different insecticides, Propargite 57% EC @ 850 g a.i. ha-1 against mite (75.24%), Fipronil 5% SC @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 against thrips (59.43%) and Flonicamid 50% WG @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 against aphid (55.45%) population were recorded as the most effective treatments. Highest green chilli fruit yield (30.20 quintal per hectare) was harvested from crop treated with Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 g a.i. ha -1.

Prediction of major pest incidence in Jute crop based on weather variables using statistical and machine learning models: A case study from West Bengal

Jute crop cultivated in Cooch Behar suffers a substantial amount of physical and economical loss every year due to several major insect pest infestation such as Yellow Mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) and Jute Semilooper (Anomis sabulifera Guen). Constructed seasonal plots reveal that for Yellow Mite pest incidence is maximum at 55 DAS, while for Jute Semi Looper it is at 45 DAS. Correlation analysis indicate that the weather parameters such as minimum temperature at current week, maximum RH at one week lag, minimum temperature, minimum and maximum RH at two week lag are significantly correlated with the incidence of Yellow Mite, while in case of Jute Semilooper maximum temperature, minimum and maximum RH at two week lag are significantly correlated. Different forecasting models like ARIMA, ARIMAX, SARIMA, SARIMAX and SVR have been fitted and validated using RMSE values. In case of Jute Semilooper, SARIMAX model is found to be the best fitted model followed by SVR and SARIMA. Similarly, for Yellow Mite ARIMAX model produces the least RMSE value followed by SVR and ARIMA. Following successful model validation, forecasting is done for the year 2022 using the best fitted models.

Efficacy of plant based formulation against yellow mite of chilli (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks)

Efficacy of plant based formulation against yellow mite of chilli (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks)

Biological Control Methods for Agricultural Mites: A Review

Agriculture is the most important economic activity around the world with its contributions reflected by its share in the gross domestic product of countries. It ensures food security, provides raw materials for many industries and employment opportunities. Today, pest and diseases are among the main challenges plaguing the agricultural sector. More specifically, phytophagous mites are devastating many economically important crops worldwide. Tetranychus urticae Koch (Two-spotted spider mites), Raoiella indica Hirst, (red palm mites), Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (broad mites) and Panonychus ulmi Koch (European red mites) are widely known for their extensive damage to crops. To control these mites, farmers have incorporated the use of pesticides into their farming systems. However, chemical control comes with many problems such as insect resistance, detrimental environmental effects and various human health implications. As such biological control is an environmentally friendly alternative that uses bio-control agents such as predators, pathogens and parasitoids to control pests. In this review, it was found that predators and pathogens were the most widely used biocontrol agents, specifically, the Amblyseius spp. Berlese were most effective and widely documented. The available literature also suggests that for successful control of agricultural mites via biological control, there needs to be a clear understanding of the behaviors of these mites and the bio-control agents used.

PESTICIDAL EFFECT OF SELECTED PLANT EXTRACTS ON Polyphagotarsonemus latus (BANKS) INFESTATION IN Corchorus olitorius L. JUTE

Many plant extracts could be considered as natural effective tool against yellow mite instead of synthetic chemicals. The research was aimed at studying the effects of plant extracts on Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks infestation and jute yield production. This experiment was conducted in Manikganj, Bangladesh following randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were Neem oil 3% (T1), Neem leaf extract @ 1:30 (T2), Mahagoni seed extract @ 1: 10 (T3) Turmeric powder extract @ 1: 40 (T4), Garlic paste extract @ 1:30 (T5) and control (T6). Percent reduction of mite population was found in neem oil (87.94%), neem leaf extract (85.76%) and garlic paste extract (86.48%) at 72 hrs after spray. After 7 days of spraying, Neem oil treated plot received the best reduction (89.05 %) followed by neem leaf extract (87.03%), Mahogany (79.60%), turmeric (78.02%), and garlic (80.06%), respectively. Neem oil treated plot showed highest fibre yield (2.95tha-1). Control plot showed highest mite infestation with lowest yield contributing attributes. Neem oil/leaf extract and mahogany seed extracts were found effective to control yellow mite infestation resulting higher fibre yield production.

Comparative susceptibility of commercial cultivars of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var Grossum Sendt) to major insect pests in West Bengal

A field experiment was conducted at Barasat II Block, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal in two consecutive rabi seasons of 2017 and 2018 to study the relative susceptibility of different commercial cultivars of bell pepper to major insect pests infesting it. Ten recommended commercial cultivars of bell pepper viz Indra, Asha, Biotara, KSP 1070, Fiza, Lakshmi, Arya, Super Gold, Ayesha and Mahabharath were planted on 15 November each year to know their relative susceptibility to the major insect pests namely thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood), aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover, Myzus persicae Sulzer), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) and chilli mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks). Pest population studies revealed that the varieties Indra, Asha, Biotara and Fiza were relatively less susceptible to all the major pests of bell pepper, whereas, Super Gold, Mahabharath, Ayesha and Arya were relatively more susceptible. The variety Indra resulted in less damage score (0.82) after 120 days of planting which resulted in enhancement of yield (15.97 tonnes/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (0.60). Coloured varieties of bell pepper were more vulnerable to pest infestation.

Evaluation of the activity of filamentous fungi isolated from soils of the Pampa biome applied in the biological control of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae).

Tetranychus urticae Koch and Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks are mite species considered capable of attaining pest levels, damaging a range of agricultural crops. The Pampa biome is characterized by the high biodiversity it houses, particularly microbial diversity, which highlights its potential for developing microorganisms that can provide biological control of arthropods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of four fungal isolates from the soil of the Pampa biome in the biological control of T. urticae (females and eggs) and P. latus (females). Experiments consisted of isolating and identifying fungal isolates for spore quantification and aspersion at 108, 106, and 104 spores/mL concentrations in arenas containing T. urticae females and eggs, and P. latus females, separately. Results indicated that only three isolates (Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus, Clonostachys chloroleuca, and Penicillium adametzii) showed high control of T. urticae females, yet they did not exhibit any control of T. urticae eggs and P. latus females. Therefore, the present study confirms the viability of some of these fungi as biological control agents of mites, which implies the importance of new prospects with other fungal species, considering the richness of resources in the Pampa biome, or even the need to test higher concentrations and other variables using the microorganisms of the present study.

Pongamia oil soap for the management of chilli mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks and its impact on spider population

Field experiment was conducted to check the efficacy of the pongamia oil soap along with Spiromesifen and Neem oil soap at different concentrations in controlling chilli mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus and its impact on spider population. Spiromesifen was found effective against chilli mite and showed persistent action in the field, whereas pongamia oil soap reported an immediate control over the pest but its effectiveness declined with time and concentration. Among the botanicals, 3% pongamia oil soap was found effective and was followed by the 2% pongamia oil soap. Pongamia oil soap proved effective against mite up to seven days after the treatment and the effect declined by 14 days after the spray. The botanicals as well as the chemical spiromesifen were found safe to spiders in the field.

“Predator-In-First”: A Preemptive Biological Control Strategy for Sustainable Management of Pepper Pests in Florida

The early establishment of a biocontrol agent in the production system, whether in the greenhouse, nursery, or field, is essential for the success of the biological control program, ensuring growers’ profitability. In an effort to develop a sustainable pest management solution for vegetable growers in Florida, we explored the application of a preemptive biological control strategy, “Predator-In-First” (PIF), in regulating multiple pepper pests, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, and Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks under greenhouse and field conditions during different growing seasons. In these studies, two bell pepper cultivars (7039 and 7141) and the phytoseiid mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias–Henriot were used as a model system. Pepper seedlings (~8 week) of each cultivar were infested with varying rates of A. swirskii (20 or 40 mites/plant or one sachet/10 plant) and allowed to settle on plant hosts for a week before planting in pots or field beds. Results showed a comparative consistent performance of the treatment with the high rate of phytoseiids (40 mites/plant) in regulating B. tabaci and F. occidentalis populations in greenhouse studies, and B. tabaci and P. latus pests under field conditions. During two fall field seasons, higher marketable yields of 12.8% and 20.1% in cultivar 7039, and 24.3% and 39.5% in cultivar 7141 were observed in the treatment with the high rate of phytoseiids compared to the untreated control, indicating yield benefits of the approach. The outcome of the study is encouraging and demonstrates that PIF can be an important tool for organic vegetable growers and a potential alternative to chemical-based conventional pest management strategies. The advantages and limitations of the PIF approach in Florida pepper production are discussed.

<p class="Body"><strong>Bioecological aspects of mites associated with </strong><strong><em>Vitis vinifera </em></strong><strong>varieties in the state of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil</strong></p>

Viticulture is an activity of economic importance in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, especially in Serra Gaúcha, which is the major grape-producing region. However, an increase in cultivated areas has been observed in other municipalities in the state. The aim of this study is to characterize mite diversity and community behavior on different varieties, recognizing which predatory species have potential to control phytophagous mites associated with Europan varieties in the Taquari Valley, Rio Grande do Sul state. The study was conducted in vineyards located in the municipalities of Marques de Souza: ‘BRS Vitória’ and cv ‘Itália’ “m”; Imigrante: cv ‘Itália’ “i”; Dois Lajeados: cv ‘Itália’ (c and f), ‘Tannat’ and ‘Chardonnay’; and Putinga: ‘Champanhe’ and ‘Moscato’. Samplings were carried out monthly in the period ranging from March 2017 to March 2018, during which twenty plants were randomly collected from each variety. Three leaves were clipped from each plant; one from the apical third, one from the median third, and one from the basal third, totaling 60 leaves per area. A total of 10,533 specimens were collected, belonging to 12 families, 38 genera, and 53 species, along with those belonging to the suborder Oribatida. The ‘Itália’ “c” variety had the highest abundance (2,012), followed by ‘Moscato’ (1,788) and ‘BRS Vitória’ (1,593). Phytoseiidae had the highest diversity among the mite families observed, with 20 species followed by Tetranychidae (8). The most abundant species were Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (3,420) and Euseius concordis (Chant) (565), present throughout the study period. ‘Chardonnay’ variety had the highest similarity (72.55%) among mite fauna compositions and the highest dissimilarity occurred between ‘BRS Vitória’ and ‘Champanhe’ varieties (95.48%). Environments evaluated in Dois Lajeados and Putinga were the most homogeneous concerning mite fauna diversity and abundance.

Cucumber Plant Mites: Survey and Capacity of Certain Pesticides against the amplest one, Tetranychus urticae Koch, in Assiut area, Upper Egypt

The trials were carried out on cucumber plants during spring plantation of 2017 season the Faculty of Agriculture Farm, Assiut University to survey the mite species inhabiting cucumber plants and the associated predators, and to evaluate certain acaricides against the most abundant one, Tetranychus urticae Koch. In general, 11 arthropod species belong to 9 families and 4 orders, other than predatory true spiders were surveyed from cucumber plants. The mite species inhabiting cucumber plants were Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), Tetranychus urticae Koch, Tetranychus cucurbitcearum (Sayed), Pronematus sp . and Tydes sp . and five predatory species. The pesticides used in the experiment were thiamethoxam 20% WP, acetamiprid 20%, SP dinotefuran 20% SC, methomyl 90% SP, and buprofezin 25% SC. The high percentage reduction was 95.38 for buprofezin after ten days. The highest average of reducing T. urticae was for methomyl (85.18) and buprofezin 25% (84.08), while the lowest average of reducing T. urticae was for acetamiprid (42.66). The general reduction of T. urticae was 73.46 and 75.84 for thiamethoxam and for dinotefuran, respectively. Since these pesticides are used on all sucking pests, the experiment gave good results to control T. urticae associated with other harmful pests.

Field screening of common jute (Corchorus olitorius) varieties against major pests in Eastern Terai region of Nepal

Field screening of eleven most popular jute varieties belonging to Corchorus olitorius species was done against the major pests in the farm of Jute Research Programm, Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal during 2017 and 2018. Different species of pests belonging to insects, mites and nematodes were found feeding on jute. Among them, jute Semilooper (Anomis sabulifera Guen.), Bihar hairy caterpillar (Spilarctia obliqua Wlk.), yellow mite (Polyphagotarson emuslatus Banks), are causing economic damage to the jute crop. Eleven jute varieties were selected to conduct varietal preference and tested against major pest of jute in field condition. Among the eleven varieties JRO-524 was found to be moderately resistant against the Semilooper (A. sabulifera) and Bihar hairy caterpillar (S. oblique) but least susceptible to yellow mites. Likewise, the variety KEN-DS-058, KEN-DS-066, BJRI-1965 and BJRI-1968 showed highly susceptible to major pest Semilooper (A. sabulifera), Bihar hairy caterpillar (S. oblique) and yellow mites. The variety BRD-SRB-061, YA-41, O-4, KEN-BL-130, Itahari-2 showed moderate resistance to Semilooper (A. sabulifera), Bihar hairy caterpillar (S. oblique) but moderately susceptible to yellow mites. Further, the fibre production capacity of the varieties under different pest’s pressure was found relatively higher in variety JRO-524 followed by YA-41, BRD-SRB-061, KEN-BL-130 and O-4 respectively. The relatively higher yield recorded under varying pest levels over two consecutive seasons is an indicative of greater field tolerance of olitorius jute varieties.

First Record of Polyphagotarsonemus latus in Saudi Arabia

Several species of vegetables and fruits are attacked by many Tarsonemid mites. This includes the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae). P. latus is widely distributed world-wide and has more than 60 host plants. In this study, it has been reported on peppers, Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), for the first time in Saudi Arabia. This is the second record of P. latus from the Arabian Peninsula, after Oman. The mite population was recorded 6 times at 15 day intervals from September to the end of November on six leaves per plant, two each from the top level, middle level and bottom level selected at random. Therefore, more successvie research studies are needed for maganement and control of this pest.

EFFICACY OF OIL BASED FORMULATION OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALS.) VUILL. AGAINST CHILLI MITE, POLYPHAGOTARSONEMUS LATUS BANKS DELIVERED THROUGH DIFFERENT DELIVERY EQUIPMENTS

The use of conventional synthetic insecticides to manage mites population poses great difficulties owing to their cryptic nature and has, therefore led to growing interest in novel and effective alternatives like microbial bio-control agents. Successful usage of entomopathogenic fungi for pest control under field conditions includes delivery techniques, infectivity and persistence of their inoculum in the environment. Microplot experiment on chilli mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks revealed that the oil based formulation of B. bassiana (Bb 112) was significantly superior to all other treatments and recorded the highest cumulative mean population reduction of 39.80 percent. Two field experiments conducted against chilli mite, the cumulative mean percent reduction in the first field trial at Kumarapalayam and the second one at Ambilikkai showed that oil based formulation of B. bassiana, Bb 112 @ 108 spores mL-1 sprayed with CDA sprayer was significantly superior to other treatments with 39.27 and 45.86 per cent reduction respectively.

In vitro Toxicity assessment of synthetic acaricides against yellow mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), and predatory mite, Amblyseius ovalis (Evans), on chilli plants

<i>In vitro</i> Toxicity assessment of synthetic acaricides against yellow mite, <i>Polyphagotarsonemus latus</i> (Banks), and predatory mite, <i>Amblyseius ovalis</i> (Evans), on chilli plants

Efficacy of selected biological products on broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) in sweet pepper

Four studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of potential alternatives to miticides against the broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) population on sweet peppers grown under protected and open field cultivation at Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte and one field study was conducted at USTP, Claveria. Three of these four comparative studies reported that fruit yield was higher under the protected cropping structures than from the open field cultivation; the other study found no significant yield difference. The miticides: abamectin, dinotefuran and sulfur treatments, consistently resulted in the least damage to the plants in both open field and protected cropping plots and higher marketable yields. The botanicals: 7-Herb Plus, curry plant, onion, and garlic + chilli pepper extracts, and both brewed and unbrewed vermitea showed less mite damage in peppers than the water control treatments but were not as effective as the miticide treatment in both protected and open cultivation. Neem leaf and garlic extracts had less mite damage than the water control in the protected cropping experiment but not the field experiment. Kakawate extract and the insect fungal pathogen, Metarhizium anisopliae SPW isolate were ineffective against mites.

Bioefficacy and dissipation studies of spiromesifen against mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus banks on capsicum under field conditions

Bioefficacy and dissipation studies of spiromesifen against mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus banks on capsicum under field conditions

First record of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks 1904) (Αcari: Tarsonemidae) on greenhouse peppers in Crete

The broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae), was first noticed on greenhouse pepper cv Cleopatra and Sonar in Ierapetra (Southeastern Crete) in 1984. During 1984 there were scattered mite infestations in a few greenhouses but in the following years it has become an increasingly important pest of peppers. The mite has been also found on cucumber cv Cnossos, aubergine cv Flaska and Solanum aviculare (indigenous of Amazonios) in the greenhouses of the Ierapetra Experimental Station. It atta­cks the growing points, young foliage, stem flowers and fruits. The growing points and bud are distorted, the young leaf margins down curl, the apical leaves crinkle, the leaf veins fuse and distort and the color changes to dark green, the fruits and stem crack and turn russet, mis-shape resembling like a fruit or stem scab and finally the small leaves and flowers fall off. Severely affected plants have little or no young growth, remain stunt and all fruitlets are aborted. The general look of the infested plants is similar to those affected by hormone weedkiller. Affected plants could not recover easily and the symptoms persisted for many weeks in spite of the acaricide treatments applied by the growers. In an artificial infestation of young pepper plants cv Sonar by 100-200 individuals, the symptoms of broad mite damage appeared in eight to ten days under growth chamber conditions (24±0.5°C, 60±5% R.H., 12.000 Lux for 16 hours daily).In Greece, the broad mite was first recorded on cotton leaves in 1969 and later on citrus trees. In Britain, it causes serious problems since 1978. It has been also noticed in several other countries of Europe. The spread of P. latus in many greenhouse plants in Britain was caused by the absence of acaricide treatments in green­houses where biological control against the two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae was ap­plied and the predator Phytoseilus persimilis was introduced by French bean leaves which was a recorded host of broad mite. The female longevity varies between 7-18 days depending mainly on temperature. The mean number of eggs/female is 40-50. The life cycle of broad mite is completed in 441, 205 and 98 hours at 14, 24 and 30°C, respectively. The developmental rate of various stages of the mite increased with the temperature but declined at about 35°C. The broad mite has been recorded on a wide range of hosts: tea plant, beans, tomatoes, cucumber, pep­pers, aubergines, citrus, zerbera, fuchsia, jasmin­um, magnolia, cotton, jute, coffee, avocado etc.