Polymerization Of Ionic Monomers Research Articles

Metathesis Polymerization in Ionic Media

The article summarizes the literature data on polymer synthesis by olefin and acetylene metathesis in ionic liquid media—salts in the liquid state—at room temperature or close to it. The features and methods of optimization of polymerization process in ionic media, including those using ionic catalysts are discussed. The possibility of multiple use of ionic solvents and catalysts dissolved in them is demonstrated. Data on the polymerization of ionic monomers and the prospects for using ionic polymers obtained by metathesis polymerization are presented.

Formation of the structure of interpolyelectrolyte complex in solid state: Role of comb-like amphiphilic polyelectrolyte

Interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) were obtained from linear polyanion poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (pAMPS) and comb-like polycation poly(11-acryloyloxyundecyltrimethylammonium) bromide (pAUTA-Br) using different strategies comprising of mixing polyelectrolyte solutions in homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions and the polymerization of ionic monomer in the presence of opposite-charged polyelectrolyte. The supramolecular structure of IPEC in a solid state was studied by SAXD. The hexagonal or cubic order was revealed by IPEC obtained in different conditions. The lattice unit cell size appeared to be dependent on the solvent thermodynamic quality of the used polymers. These structures are pre-formed in solutions of comb-like self-organized components and fixed in a solid state in the course of kinetically driven IPEC formation.

Kinetic Features of Photoinduced Radical (Co)Polymerization of Ionic Monomers

A number of methacrylate ionic monomers with different ionic center nature, spacer structure, and position of the polymerizing group (in anion or cation) are synthesized. The kinetics of their photoinitiated radical (co)polymerization is studied by the thermographic method. Effects of the structure of ionic monomer, its ratio with the crosslinking agent poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (PEGDM-750) in the photopolymerizing composition, and the nature of the reaction medium on the kinetic parameters of the process, namely, the maximum rate Wmax, the degree of conversion Г, and the time of induction period tind, are investigated. It is shown that, among the studied methacrylic monomers, anionic monomer N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium 1-[3-(methacryloyloxy)propylsulfonyl] (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (ILM-5) exhibits the highest reactivity in both bulk and solution (in ionic medium) photopolymerization: Wmax = 69 × 10–3 s–1 and Г = 85% and Wmax = 60 × 10–3 s–1 and Г = 90%, respectively. For most cationic monomers, better results in homopolymerization are achieved in dimethylformamide. The kinetic features of the radical copolymerization of the ionic monomers with PEGDM-750 are studied. It is shown that, with a growing fraction of the crosslinking agent in the monomer mixture, Wmax and Г increase regardless of whether the process occurs in bulk or solution.

Synthesis of Polymer-Colloid Complexes by Polymerization of Ionic Monomers in a Surfactant Solution

The possibility of synthesis of polymer-colloid complexes by polymerization of 1,2-dimethyl-5-vinylpyridinium methyl sulfate and N,N,N,N-trimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium methyl sulfate in a solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate was examined.

Polymerization of ionic monomers in polar solvents: kinetics and mechanism of the free radical copolymerization of acrylamide/acrylic acid

A precise data set describing the kinetics of the free radical copolymerization of acrylamide/acrylic acid (AM/AA) in the range of low total monomer concentration as a function of the pH, total monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and comonomer ratio is presented. Strong impact on the reactivity ratios has been identified for the pH and total monomer concentration. Specifically, at constant total monomer concentration of 0.4 mol/l and T=313 K the reactivity ratio of AM increases from 0.54 at pH 1.8 to 3.04 at pH 12. Contrarily, the reactivity ratio of AA decreases from 1.48 to 0.32. The crossover occurs at pH≈4.2. Electrostatic effects due to the variation of the degree of ionization of AA are primarily suggested to influence the kinetics. When the total monomer concentration increases from 0.2 to 0.6 mol/l at constant pH=12, the reactivity ratios of AM and AA decrease from 4.01 to 2.13 and increase from 0.25 to 0.47, respectively. Reduction of electrostatic repulsion between the ionized monomer AA and partially charged growing polymer chain ends due to higher ionic strength at higher total monomer concentration serves as explanation of the effect. The precise data set is the prerequisite for a novel approach to calculate copolymer compositions in case of variable monomer reactivity.