Polymer Layer Research Articles

Epithelial Folding Through Local Degradation of an Elastic Basement Membrane Plate

AbstractEpithelia are polarized layers of cells that line the outer and inner surfaces of organs. At the basal side, the epithelial cell layer is supported by a basement membrane, which is a thin polymeric layer of self‐assembled extracellular matrix (ECM) that tightly adheres to the basal cell surface. Proper shaping of epithelial layers is an important prerequisite for the development of healthy organs during the morphogenesis of an organism. Experimental evidence suggests that local degradation of the basement membrane is one of the mechanisms that can drive epithelial folding. However, how folding emerges in the absence of tissue growth remains elusive. Here, we present a coarse‐grained plate theory model of the basement membrane that assumes force balance between i) cell‐transduced active forces and ii) deformation‐induced elastic forces. We verify key assumptions of this model through experiments in the Drosophila wing disc epithelium and demonstrate that the model can explain the emergence of outward epithelial folds upon local plate degradation. The model accounts for local degradation of the basement membrane as a mechanism for the generation of epithelial folds in the absence of epithelial growth.

Highly Effective Polyacrylonitrile-Rich Artificial Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase for Dendrite-Free Li-Metal/Solid-State Battery.

Lithium metal anode batteries have attracted significant attention as a promising energy storage technology, offering a high theoretical specific capacity and a low electrochemical potential. Utilizing lithium metal as the anode material can substantially increase energy density compared with conventional lithium-ion batteries. However, the practical application of lithium metal anodes has encountered notable challenges, primarily due to the formation of dendritic structures during cycling. These dendrites pose safety risks and degrade battery performance. Addressing these challenges necessitates the development of a reliable and effective protection layer for lithium metal. This study presents a cost-effective and convenient method to spontaneously produce lithium metal protective layers by creating polymeric layers by using acrylonitrile (AN). This method remarkably extends 6× of the lifetime of lithium metal anodes under high current density (1 mA/cm2) cycling conditions. While the cycle life of bare lithium metal is approximately 150 h under high current cycling conditions, AN-treated lithium metal anodes exhibit an impressive longevity of over 900 h. The AN-treated lithium metal anodes are further integrated and tested with sulfide-based Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) solid-state electrolytes to evaluate its interfacial stability at a solid-solid interface. The formation of the polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-rich ASEI, due to AN-treatment, effectively reduces and stabilizes the cell overpotential to only one-tenth of that with the interface without treatment. This strategy paves a route to enable a highly efficient and highly stable Li/LGPS solid-state battery interface.

Uniform Polymer Microspheres by Photoinduced Metal-Free Atom Transfer Radical Precipitation Polymerization.

Herein, a photoinduced method is introduced for the synthesis of highly cross-linked and uniform polymer microspheres by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at room temperature and in the absence of stabilizers or surfactants. Uniform particles are obtained at monomer concentrations as high as 10% (by volume), with polymers being exempt from contamination by residual transition metal catalysts, thereby overcoming the two major longstanding problems associated with thermally initiated ATRP-mediated precipitation polymerization. Moreover, the obtained particles have also immobilized ATRP initiators on their surface, which directly enables the controlled growth of densely grafted polymer layers with adjustable thickness and a well-defined chemical composition. The method is then employed successfully for the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres.

Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Dicyanoargentate Complexes with Ethylenediamine and 4,4´-Bipyridyl Ligands

The reactions of an aqueous solution of potassium dicyanoargentate with a mixture of nickel(II) or copper(II) chloride and ethylenediamine or 4,4´-bipyridyl in ethanol afford coordination polymers [Ni(En)2(Ag(CN)2)][Ag(CN)2] (I), [Cu(En)2(Ag(CN)2)][Ag(CN)2] (II), and [Cu(4,4´-Bipy)2(Ag(CN)2)2] (III) characterized by XRD (CIF files CCDC nos. 2225984 (I), 2214320 (II), and 2229270 (III)) and IR spectroscopy. According to the XRD data, the crystals of complexes I and II are formed by 1D chains {··NC– Ag–CN–M(En)2··}n (M = Ni (I), Cu (II)) linked with each other by the dicyanoargentate anions via argentophilic contacts (Ag···Ag 3.288(8) Å (I), 3.1616(14) Å (II)). The crystal of compound III consists of independent interpenetrating 3D networks built of polymer layers {Cu[Ag(CN)2]2}n bound to each other by the 4,4´-bipyridyl molecules. The bipyridyl linkers connect the Cu centers with the Ag centers of the [Ag(CN)2]– anions thus providing the tridentate coordination of the silver atoms. No Ag···Ag interactions are observed in the crystal of complex III.

Crystal structure of the heterometallic complex of Co(II) and Nd(III) with phenanthroline

A new heterometallic complex of CoII and NdIII with phenathroline [Co(Рhen)3][Nd(NO3)5(H2O)][Nd(NO3)4(H2O)2]H2O was synthesized for the first time by the self-assembly method. The crystal structure of the complex was determined by X-ray crystallography. The compound is an anion-cation complex and crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with unit cell parameters a=12.4251(4) Å, b=11.7206(3) Å, c=36.5374(12) Å, ==900, =90.581(3)0. In the crystalline phase, the complex is in the form of a crystal hydrate with a composition of 1:1. The anionic part of the complex consists of two nitrate hydrated NdIII complexes: [Nd(NO3)5(H2O)]2– and [Nd(NO3)4(H2O)2]–, in which the coordination number of neodymium is 11 and 10, respectively. The [Co(Phen)3]3+ ion is a cationic part of the complex in which the CoII atom has a distorted CoN6 octahedral environment, bidentately coordinating three phenanthroline molecules. Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds (N–HO, O–HO), a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture is formed in the crystal, in which the polymer layers are packed parallel along the crystallographic axis a.

Characteristics of Love Waves in a Functionally Graded Conductive Polymer Layer Perfectly Bonded with a Piezoelectric Substrate under an Impulsive Point Source

Characteristics of Love Waves in a Functionally Graded Conductive Polymer Layer Perfectly Bonded with a Piezoelectric Substrate under an Impulsive Point Source

Molecular Level Resolution of the Crucial Differences in the Morphologies of Non-Fullerene Acceptor Y Derivatives/Donor Polymer PM6 Heterogeneous Films

Characterizing the morphologies of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs)/donor polymer layers with molecular resolution is crucially important for organic solar cells (OSCs), but remains challenging and insufficient currently. Herein, the morphologies of NFA Yn (n=5-7)/donor polymer PM6 heterogeneous films were revealed with molecular resolution through scanning tunnelling microscopy and analyzed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Y6 forms an interdigitated, ladder-like structure with PM6 which is verified as a kinetic product by the DFT calculations. After annealing, the ladder-like structure coexists with the energy-favorable phase separation one. The difference of the forming energy between the phase separation and ladder-like structure in Y7/PM6 and Y5/PM6 is obviously larger than the one in Y6/PM6, therefore, only the phase separation structure was observed before and after annealing in Y7/PM6 and Y5/PM6. Yn (n=5-7) shows rather different stacking in its neat domain. Y6 forms a face-to-face, dense packing pair with the lateral shift around half of a molecule. Y7 is a dense packing was well, but the stacking is the T type. Y5 forms an exact face-to-face style while its packing is not the dense one. The morphology differences of Yn (n=5-7)/PM6 films are closely related to the alterations of the ending groups in the backbones of Yn (n=5-7) molecules. Annealing reduce the surface-occupied ratio of Y5 and Y7 domains but does not change their stacking. The results are very valuable for the accurate morphology characterizations and the researches of related OSCs and optoelectronics.

Tendon‐Driven Stiffness‐Tunable Soft Actuator via Thermoelectric‐based Bidirectional Temperature Control

AbstractSoft robots have excellent spatial adaptability and high flexibility, but they are limited by the low stiffness of their constituent materials when faced with high‐load tasks. In recent years, there have been many works on the development of stiffness‐tunable soft actuators by introducing variable stiffness materials into soft actuators, but the existing solutions usually suffer from the problems of slow response, complex structure, and the need of many auxiliary devices to support the completion of the stiffness tuning cycle. This paper proposes a tendon‐driven stiffness‐tunable soft actuator that addresses these issues. Benefiting from the bidirectional temperature control of thermoelectric modules and the excellent in‐plane thermal conductivity of graphene, the actuator is capable of achieving the heating and cooling process by transferring the heat flow through the graphene structure into and out of the shape‐memory polymer (SMP) layer of the tendon‐driven actuator. This enables stiffness tuning via a single device, reducing the dependence on complex external cooling systems. The use of tendon‐driven actuators further eliminates the complex bellow structure of conventional pneumatic actuators and dramatically reduces the size and manufacturing difficulty of individual actuators. Finally, the high load capacity and shape adaptability of the actuator are demonstrated by a gripper equipped with three actuators, which successfully grips objects of various shapes and weights, ranging from less than 10 g to up to 1.6 kg.

Effect of Surface Polymeric Organosilicon Nanolayers on the Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Copper.

The formation of polymeric self-organizing organosilicon surface nanolayers on copper occuring as a result of modification of the metal surface with organosilane-based formulations has been studied. The anticorrosive effect of such surface layers in corrosive chloride-containing electrolytes as well as in artificial and natural atmospheres has been studied in detail. It has been found that the maximum protective effect is observed at a thickness of 3.8 molecular layers, where the densest cross-linked polymer layers are formed that hinder the adsorption of chloride ions and other corrosive agents on the metal surface, thus significantly reducing the rate of their reactions with the surface copper atoms, and, as a result, inhibiting the corrosion and local anodic dissolution of the metal.

Versatile hybrid magnetic core silver-shell (Fe3O4@PEI@Ag) microspheres based SERS substrates for detection of organic dyes pollutant

In recent years, the development of highly sensitive and versatile substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has become pivotal in environmental monitoring. This study introduces a hybrid SERS substrate designed to enhance the detection and discrimination of organic dyes in aqueous environments. In this report, we present silver shell magnetic core (Fe3O4@PEI@Ag) microspheres as a versatile SERS substrate for the detection and differentiation of organic dyes, specifically malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), Rhodamine 6G (R6G), and Safranin O (S.O), which are often overlooked water pollutants. The core-shell structure of Fe3O4@PEI@Ag microspheres have been synthesized via seed-mediated growth method. The microspheres, integrates a magnetic core of iron oxide (Fe3O4) through a polymeric layer of polyethyleneimine (PEI) with silver shell (Ag), are optimized to act as magnetic separator and show SERS activity. The SEM measurements confirm the spherical shape of grown nano-particles whereas magnetization experiments confirm the presence of magnetic cores as well non-magnetic layers coating in the end products. These microspheres with aluminium (Al) base combination demonstrate high SERS sensitivity with enhancement factor of 1 × 105, 5.6 × 106, 6.4 × 106, and 4.2 × 105 for MG, CV, R6G, and S.O respectively. The detection limits have been found in the range between 10–8–10–10 for all four dyes. A linear relationship between Raman intensity and concentrations of dyes make it suitable for quantitative analysis of unknown concentration. Principal component analysis (PCA), a multivariate analysis has been adopted to discrimination of dyes. These dyes have been effectively detected quantitative in tap water to express substrate's suitability in real-world application. Their dual functionality, as SERS-active substrate and as magnetic separator, enhances their utility in real-world applications such as organic contaminants in aquatic environments.

Impact of Surface Modification of Hemp Fibers Using a Coupling Agent in Solvent on the Properties of Polyethylene Composites

This study investigates the grafting of a coupling agent, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE), onto hemp fibers in a 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) solution, followed by an evaluation of the morphological, rheological, and mechanical properties of the resulting polyethylene composites containing 30% hemp. The SEM analysis revealed that a thin layer of MAPE formed on the surface of the modified fibers. This was further confirmed by the appearance of a MAPE degradation peak at 448°C, observed in the modified fibers but absent in the unmodified counterparts. Composites made with unmodified hemp fibers (UT30) showed a significant increase in modulus but not in tensile strength. In contrast, the modification of hemp in solution significantly enhanced the tensile strength of the composites (UTE3S) without significantly affecting the modulus. Increasing the amount of coupling agent (in UTE6S and UTE9S) reinforced this trend, indicating that the thin polymer layer on the surface of the modified hemp fibers notably improved interfacial bonding, with minimal impact on the tensile modulus of the composites.

Recent advances in H2 purification and CO2 capture: Evolving from flat sheet to hollow fiber membranes

Hydrogen (H2) production and demand have steadily increased, leading to a rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions since fossil fuels are the current raw material for H2 production. Thin film composite (TFC) hollow fiber membranes have become significant in H2 purification and CO2 capture, playing a critical role in developing next-generation fuels and supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) – Affordable and Clean Energy, with the goal of providing universal access to clean, advanced, and renewable energy for all. However, the polymeric selective layer of TFC membranes faces a trade-off between permeability and selectivity, as well as challenges including CO2 plasticization and physical aging. Additionally, H2/CO2 separation remains particularly challenging because H2, being diffusivity-selective, permeates more quickly through the membrane due to its smaller molecular size and higher kinetic energy, while CO2, being solubility-selective, has a high affinity for dissolving in most polymeric membranes. Herein, this review provides an in-depth exploration of innovative modification strategies designed to overcome these challenges in glassy polymeric membranes and enhance H2 separation performance in the recent 10 years. Various nanofillers, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) such as University of Oslo (UiO), Materials Institute Lavoisier (MILs), and Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs), have shown remarkable potential in boosting gas separation capabilities due to their superior compatibility with polymer matrices and tunable properties. The review also explores different types of hollow fiber membranes, including single layer, dual-layer, and TFC, alongside fabrication techniques like interfacial polymerization and dip-coating. Critically, the analysis highlights cutting-edge strategies to improve membrane performance, such as (i) thermal cross-linking, (ii) chemical cross-linking, (iii) ultraviolet (UV) cross-linking, (iv) polymer blends, and (v) modified fillers, along with their objectives and expected outcome. Furthermore, the review spotlights breakthroughs in H2/CO2, H2/CH4, and H2/N2 separation technologies, emphasizing the critical need for continued innovation to drive sustainable H2 production and meet the growing clean energy demand.

Evaluation of static bending caused damage of glass-fiber composite structure using terahertz inspection

Abstract Composite materials find increasing applications in modern industry and transport. However, they may lose desirable mechanical properties due to external mechanical excitations, ultraviolet radiation, moisture penetration, or other factors. Therefore, an effective way to assess the condition of materials is necessary. In this article, a nondestructive evaluation of glass fiber-reinforced composite subjected to five-stage static bending is presented. For this reason, pulsed excitation terahertz imaging was utilized, and a data processing/exploration scheme was proposed. The proposed, novel approach consists of an efficient data registration algorithm based on surface approximation (for surface roughness and unevenness elimination) and a parametrization scheme applied for the signals gained from the time response of the glass fiber-reinforced polymer layer. Obtained parameters enable the global description of the evaluated material state and prediction of failure effectively, even in the early stages of destruction.

Flexural performance of UHPC two-way slab reinforced with FRP bars

The flexural behaviors of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) two-way square slabs reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars were studied experimentally. Flexural tests were conducted on eight specimens, varying in reinforcement type, reinforcement ratio and confinement condition in compressive zone. Test results showed that the bridging effects of steel fibers in UHPC can mitigate the brittle characteristics of slab experiencing punching shear failure. The failure modes of slabs shifted from tensile failure to compressive failure by increasing the tensile strength of bar, leading to an improvement on the flexural capacity and ductility. The ultimate capacity of the slab with a reinforcement ratio of 1.06 % was 15.8 % greater than that of the slab with a reinforcement ratio of 0.67 %. By incorporating a layer of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) grid in the compressive zone to confine UHPC, the bearing capacity and ductility index of the slab increased by 17.8 % and 56.7 %, respectively. Introducing an enhancement coefficient to account for the confinement effect induced by the BFRP grid, a method was developed for predicting the flexural capacity of FRP reinforced UHPC two-way slab subjected to a local load at the mid-span, and its prediction accuracy was well verified.

The Kinetics of Polymer Brush Growth in the Frame of the Reaction Diffusion Front Formalism.

We studied the properties of a reaction front that forms in irreversible reaction-diffusion systems with concentration-dependent diffusivities during the synthesis of polymer brushes. A coarse-grained model of the polymerization process during the formation of polymer brushes was designed and investigated for this purpose. In this model, a certain amount of initiator was placed on an impenetrable surface, and the "grafted from" procedure of polymerization was carried out. The system consisted of monomer molecules and growing chains. The obtained brush consisted of linear chains embedded in nodes of a face-centered cubic lattice with excluded volume interactions only. The simulations were carried out for high rafting densities of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 and for reaction probabilities of 0.02, 0.002, and 0.0002. Simulations were performed by means of the Monte Carlo method while employing the Dynamic Lattice Liquid model. Some universal behavior was found, i.e., irrespective of reaction rate and grafting density, the width of the reaction front as well as the height of the front show for long times the same scaling with respect to time. During the formation of the polymer layer despite the observed difference in dispersion of chain lengths for different grafting densities and reaction rates at a given layer height, the quality of the polymer layer does not seem to depend on these parameters.

Corrosion Properties of the Composite Coatings Formed on PEO Pretreated AlMg3 Aluminum Alloy by Dip-Coating in Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Polytetrafluoroethylene Suspension.

This paper presents the results of an evaluation of corrosion properties of PEO pretreated AlMg3 aluminum alloy samples with polymer coatings obtained by dip-coating in a suspension of superdispersed polytetrafluoroethylene (SPTFE) in a solution of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at different PVDF:SPTFE ratios (1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:10). The electrochemical tests showed that samples with a coating formed at a ratio of PVDF to SPTFE of 1:5 possessed the best corrosion properties. The corrosion current density of these samples was more than five orders of magnitude lower than this parameter for bare aluminum alloy. During the 40-day salt spray test (SST) for samples prepared in a suspension at a PVDF:SPTFE ratio of 1:1-1:5, the formation of any pittings or defects was not detected. The PVDF:SPTFE 1:5 sample demonstrated, as a result of the 40-day SST, an increase in corrosion current density of less than an order of magnitude. The evolution of the protective properties of the studied samples was assessed by a two-year field atmospheric corrosion test on the coast of the Sea of Japan. It was revealed that the samples with the PVDF:SPTFE 1:5 coating had electrochemical parameters that remained consistently high throughout the one year of exposure. After this period, the polymer layer was destroyed, which led to a deterioration in the protective characteristics of the coatings.

Hierarchical Au@Pt nanoparticle/amino benzoic acid polymer-based hybrid material for labeled and label-free detection of interleukin-6: a comparative assessment.

Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a cytokine mainly involved in inflammatory processes associated with various diseases, from rheumatoid arthritis and pathogen-caused infections to cancer, where malignant cells exhibit high proliferation and overexpression of cytokines, including IL6. Furthermore, IL6 plays a fundamental role in detecting and differentiating tumor cells, including colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Therefore, given its range of biological activities and pathological role, IL6 determination has been claimed for the diagnosis/prognosis of immune-mediated diseases. Herein, a comparative study is presentedof labeled and label-free electrochemical immunosensors involving a hierarchical Au@Pt nanoparticle/polymer hybrid material for detecting IL6. The electrochemical immunosensors were independently coupled to the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) previously modified with polymeric layers. While in the label-free immunosensor, an anti-IL6 antibody (IL6-Ab) was covalently bound to the modified SPCE surface, in the sandwich-like amperometric immunosensor, an anti-biotinylated-IL6 antibody (B-IL6-Ab) was attached to the electrode through biotin-avidin affinity interactions. The label-free format employed a straightforward detection of IL6 by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The resulting electrochemical immunosensors exhibited a linear dynamic range from 50 to 750pg/mL IL6, with detection limits (LOD) of 14.4 and 6.0pg/mL for label-free and sandwich-like immunosensors, respectively. This outstanding performance makes them versatile platforms for clinical analysis of a panel of biomarkers for early diagnosis/prognosis of inflammatory processes associated with oncological diseases, among other pathologies.

Multifunctional 3D-Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Nanocomposites for Thermal Management Applications

In this work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were melt-compounded into a novel thermal energy storage system consisting of a microencapsulated paraffin, with a melting temperature of 6 °C (M6D), dispersed within a flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix. The resulting materials were then processed via Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), and their thermo-mechanical properties were comprehensively evaluated. After an optimization of the processing parameters, good adhesion between the polymeric layers was obtained. Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images of the 3D-printed samples highlighted a uniform distribution of the microcapsules within the polymer matrix, without an evident MWCNT agglomeration. The thermal energy storage/release capability provided by the paraffin microcapsules, evaluated through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), was slightly lowered by the FFF process but remained at an acceptable level (i.e., >80% with respect to the neat M6D capsules). The novelty of this work lies in the successful integration of MWCNTs and PCMs into a TPU matrix, followed by 3D printing via FFF technology. This approach combines the high thermal conductivity of MWCNTs with the thermal energy storage capabilities of PCMs, creating a multifunctional nanocomposite material with unique thermal management properties.

Poly(o-anisidine) and poly(o-anisidine-co-aniline) polymers synthesized on the ZnFeNi alloy coated steel surface

Abstract ZnFeNi alloy was synthesized on the carbon steel surface in a sulfate bath using the galvanostatic method at a constant current of 1.5 mA for 300 seconds. Poly(o-anisidine) homopolymer and poly(o-anisidine-co-aniline) copolymer were synthesized on the ZnFeNi coated electrode surface. Poly(o-anisidine) homopolymer was synthesized in 0.05 M o-anisidine+0.2 M sodium oxalate medium, and poly(o-anisidine-co-aniline) copolymer was synthesized in 0.05 M o-anisidine+0.05 M aniline+0.2 M sodium oxalate medium. Electrochemical synthesis was carried out by cyclic voltammetry technique. The synthesized materials were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, open circuit potential-time and anodic polarization curves. Open circuit potential-time curves showed that polymer coatings had higher open circuit potential. By linear sweep voltammetry measurements, it was determined that ZnFeNi alloys were present at the base of the polymer layers after polymer synthesis. It was understood from the anodic polarization curves that the polymer coated electrodes had lower current values ​​than the uncoated ZnFeNi coated electrode, and the poly(o-anisidine) coated electrode had lower current values ​​than the poly(o-anisidine-co-aniline) coated electrode. From electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, it was determined that the polarization resistance of polymer-coated electrodes was higher than the polymer-free electrode during long periods of waiting in 3.5% corrosive solution. Among the polymer-coated electrodes, it was understood that the homopolymer poly(o-anisidine) showed better corrosion performance than the poly(o-anisidine-co-aniline) copolymer.

Release of selected nutrients from polymer-coated fertilisers in the soil environment

The aim of the study was to evaluate the release of NH4-N and PO4-P from polymer-coated fertilisers in the soil environment, and to analyse their impact on pH and conductivity of the soil leachates. In this investigation mineral NPK(S) 6-20-30(7) fertiliser (as a starting material), commercial, controlled-release OsmocoteTM fertiliser (as a reference material) and four polymer-coated fertilisers have been used. Biodegradable polybutylene(succinate-co- dilinoleate), polyethylene(succinate-co-terepftalate) and chitosan have been used as coating materials. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory conditions, in PVC columns filled with air-dry soil. The nutrients release from the investigated materials was explained based on the diffusion mechanism and it was interpreted with the use of the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model. Two mechanisms dominate in the release process of nutrients: the mechanism based on quasi-Fickian diffusion and non-Fickian (anomalous case) mechanism. The largest changes of pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of soil leachates occurred in the initial period of research for all tested fertilisers (pH: 9.5–20.3% – loamy sand (S1) 7.9–20.6% – sandy loam (S2); EC: 438–1667% – S1, 771–1509% – S2). The polymer coating significantly reduces the nutrient release from the fertiliser core. The size of these changes depends on the type and thickness of the polymer layer and the physicochemical properties of the soils.