Polymer Complex Films Research Articles

Stretchable Optical Diffuser Constructed by Alternate Procedure of Interfacial Complexation and Thermal Crosslinking.

Stretchable optical diffuser is an indispensable photon management element in wearable display devices. Herein, a novel optical diffuser constructed by interfacial hydrogen bonding complexation of methylcellulose (MC), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and polymer complex nanoparticles (PCNP) on transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate is proposed. The introduction of PEO can toughen the complex film and endow the coating with stretchability. With proper thermal treatment, the polymer complex can be crosslinked through esterification which shows an improved optical diffusion performance and durability. The optimized film exhibits 92% of transmittance (T), 93% of haze (H), and 73% of elongation. It also presents a desirable optical diffusion effect about 88% of T and 93% of H in the stretching state. Moreover, the resulting complex film shows excellent anti-fatigue capacity which maintains 90% of T and 90% of H after 10000 stretching cycles. The reported polymer complex film broadens the application of interfacial complexation and demonstrates potential to apply in the integrated wearable optical devices.

Plasticizing effect on polyethylene oxide doped ammonium perchlorate

Plasticized polymer complex films of polyethylene oxide with ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) are synthesized by using solution cast technique. Propylene carbonate (PC) used as dopant to enhance conductivity of polymer electrolyte. The prepared films are characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectral analysis, transient ionic current, and electrochemical impedance studies. Plasticized polymer electrolyte shows high ionic conductivity (∼10−4 S/cm) which appear as novel electrolyte for electrochemical devices.

Electrical Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Un-Irradiated and γ-Irradiated PVA/NaAlg/LiClO4 Polymer Films

In the recent work effects of ϒ-irradiation (100 kGy) subject area on the conductivity and dielectric properties of PVA/NaAlg/LiClO4 (45; 45; 10 weight%) films have been investigated. Polymer complex films were made individually by using solution casting and the changes in the individuals can be distinguished of films induced by ϒ-irradiation (100 kGy) was examined. These films were submitted to different characterizations such as XRD, FTIR and SEM. XRD studies reveal that the nature of the crystalline is increasing for irradiated polymer films. FTIR peak assignments show ϒ-irradiated on films the peak gets shifted, modify its intensity, strengthening of hydrogen bonds. The irradiation forms a cross linking between polymer films. SEM micrograph shows that soft and uniform layer is removed during ϒ-irradiation. Dielectric studies for ϒ-irradiated films were analyzed at high and low frequency region shows in that respect is no variation in the dielectric constant and has the same answer from 2.7–14.6 MHz and then increase up to 10 MHz after this it decreases with increase in frequency. The AC conductivity of the ϒ-irradiated polymer films were found to be increased with the increment of frequency.

Dewetting Behavior of Hydrogen Bonded Polymer Complex Film under Hydrothermal Condition

Hydrogen-bonded polymer complex films with the thickness ranging from 50 nm to 2400 nm were prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The dewetting behavior of PEOX/PAA films under hydrothermal condition was investigated. It was found that the dewetting occurred at solid-liquid interface, and the typical morphologies such as holes, irregular cellular structure, and droplets were observed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the initial rupture of the film. Microscopic Raman and infrared (IR) imaging demonstrated that the PEOX and PAA chains remained association during the dewetting process.

Chain diffusion and exchange during build-up of hydrogen-bonded polymer complex film

Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled to prepare thin film based on hydrogen bonding. A series of simple experiments were designed to investigate polymer chain diffusion and exchange behaviors of hydrogen-bonded PVPON/PAA film. PAA was labeled with fluorescence dye, fluorescein amine (FAM). The prepared (PVPON/PAA)20 films were immersed into PAA solution, PVPON solution and PAA-FAM solution separately, for a period that was much longer than the assembly time, and the thickness, the composition and the characteristic absorbance of the film were monitored. The experiment results indicated that polymers not only diffused into the thin film from the assembly solution but also diffused out from the thin film into the assembly solution, i.e. there existed a polymer chain exchange. The growth of hydrogen-bonded PVPON/PAA film was related with polymer chain diffusion and exchange at a certain time scale.

Tuning Photoluminescent Wavelength of Water-Soluble Oligothiophene/Polymer Complex Film by Proton Bonding

Abstract We synthesized a new oligothiophene derivative with pyridine end groups and investigated their optical properties. Upon adding an aqueous polystyrene sulfonic acid solution, it forms homogeneous polymer complex films with protonated structure. Furthermore, reversible color change in photoluminescence in response to a base due to reversible protonation of pyridyl end groups in oligothiophene was demonstrated, which can be applied to acid sensors.

Fabrication of TiO 2 nanoparticles/surfactant polymer complex film on glassy carbon electrode and its application to sensing trace dopamine

A novel method for the fabrication of a TiO 2/Nafion nano-film on glassy carbon electrode (NTGCE) is described. In the presence of dispersant, TiO 2 nanoparticles were dispersed into water to give a homogeneous and stable suspension. After the solvent evaporation, a porous and uniform TiO 2 nano-film was obtained on the GCE surface. Further coated with Nafion, the complex film possesses remarkable stability in aqueous solution. This nano-film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The prepared electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic behavior of dopamine and high concentration of ascorbic acid does not interfere with the dopamine detection. Based on this, an electrochemical method is developed for the determination of dopamine with simplicity and high sensitivity.

Negative role of triphenylphosphine in the inhibition of benzotriazole at the Cu surface studied by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

The adsorption behaviour and the formation of a surface complex film of benzotriazole (BTAH) on Cu electrodes have been studied by in situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy in acetonitrile solution. A potential-dependent Raman study revealed that the adsorption and film formation process of BTAH involves the formation of a chemisorbed adlayer and a compact polymer film in two different potential regions in the acetonitrile solution. The results showed that BTA − ion can interact with the Cu surface through the two N atoms of the triazole ring to form a surface polymer complex of [Cu(BTA)] n , which suppressed the dissolution and oxidation of Cu effectively. When triphenylphosphine (pph 3) was introduced into the solution, the formation of the surface polymer complex film was suppressed due to the formation of soluble Cu ( pph 3 ) n + . In solution, a complex of Cu with BTA − and pph 3 was formed leading to a significant decrease of the surface inhibition efficiency. These two kinds of surface complexes were prepared by the direct electrochemical synthesis technique in similar solutions, and characterized by normal Raman spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The results showed that the final complexes were insoluble [Cu(BTA)] n polymer and Cu n BTA m (pph 3) p complex with low solubility in the acetonitrile solution.

Temperature dependence of high ionic conductivity of new polymer complex films

A polymer that consists of the ethylene oxide unit and another characteristic group, such as mesogenic 4-cyano-4′hydroxydiphenyl, as two end groups was synthesized. New polymer complex films (PCFs) were obtained using the synthesized polymer and a salt. The temperature dependence of the frequency spectra of the linear to third-order nonlinear complex conductivities of the PCFs was measured. The PCFs show unique third-order nonlinear conductivity phenomena. The frequency spectra of linear and nonlinear conductivities of PCFs are reproduced by linear and nonlinear conductivity relaxation functions.

Temperature dependence of high ionic conductivity of new polymer complex films*1

Temperature dependence of high ionic conductivity of new polymer complex films*1

Soluble and crosslinked hydrophilic films based on compositions of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) for controlled drug release

AbstractSoluble and crosslinked films based on compositions of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) were prepared. Solubility, morphology, mechanical characteristics, and swelling properties of the films were investigated. Potential applications of the polymer complex films in controlled drug delivery were also examined. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 137–142, 2003

Release of triamcinolone acetonide from mucoadhesive polymer composed of chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) in vitro

Transmucosal drug delivery (TMD) system using mucoadhesive polymer has been recently interested due to the rapid onset of action, high blood level, avoidance of the first-pass effect and the exposure of the drug to the gastrointestinal tract. A novel mucoadhesive polymer complex composed of chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was prepared by template polymerization of acrylic acid in the presence of chitosan for the TMD system. Triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) was loaded into the chitosan/PAA polymer complex film. TAA was evenly dispersed in chitosan/PAA polymer complex film without interaction with polymer complex. Release behavior of TAA from the mucoadhesive polymer film was dependent on time, pH, loading content of drug, and chitosan/PAA ratio. The analysis of the drug release from the mucoadhesive film showed that TAA might be released from the chitosan/PAA polymer complex film through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism.

Charge-transport properties of polymer complex films composed of poly(alkyleneviologen) and poly(p-styrenesulfonate)

The charge-transport kinetics for the two-electron reduction of V 2+ →V 0 as well as the V 2+ →V + and V + →V 0 reductions of thin films of the polymer complexes composed of poly(alkyleneviologen) (PAV) and poly(p-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), where the viologen units of PAVs are jointed by a varying number (m=4, 6, 7, or 8) of the spacer methylene groups and V 2+ , V + , and V 0 represent the dication, monocatio radical, and neutral viologen species, respectively, have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, potential-step chronocoulometry, rotating disk voltammetry, and spectroelectrochemistry

Electrode kinetics of thin polymer complex films composed of poly(alkyleneviologen) and poly( p-styrenesulfonic acid)

The kinetic parameters (standard rate constant k o, transfer coefficient α and apparent diffusion coefficient D app) characterizing the heterogeneous electron-transfer process at electrode—film interfaces and the homogeneous charge-transport process within films for the one-electron reduction of the dication of viologen sites to the corresponding radical monocation at poly(alkyleneviologen) (PAV)/poly( p-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) polymer complex film-coated electrodes, where the viologen units of PAVs are joined by a varying number ( m: 3, 5, 6 or 8) of the spacer methylene groups, have been estimated by normal pulse voltammetry. It was found that D app, k o and α largely depend on m.

Electrochemical and Electrochromic Properties of Polymer Complex Films Composed of Polytetramethyleneviologen and Poly-[p-Styrenesulfonic Acid] Containing a Conductive Powder

Abstract The electrochemical and electrochromic properties of polymer films containing a conductive powder (SnO2/TiO2) have been investigated. The films are complexes of polytetramethyleneviologen and poly(p-styrenesulfonic acid). It was found that the coloration (purple) and bleaching rates of the composite films increase markedly with increasing conductive powder content(x). The coloring and bleaching of the composite film with x = 95 wt% were about 7 and 44 times faster, respectively, than those for an equivalent film without conductive powder. This increase in the rate of color change by introduction of a conductive powder was found to be correlated with the apparent diffusion coefficient (D app) for the diffusionlike charge-transport process within the composite films which increases with increasing x. The D app for the reduction process of the film with x = 95 wt% was larger by about 3 orders of magnitude than that for the unfilled film.

Polymer Complex Film Coated on Electrode Surfaces

Polymer Complex Film Coated on Electrode Surfaces