Poly Ethylene Terephthalate Composites Research Articles

Improving thermal conductivity of butylpyridine latex‐based composites by modified single‐layer graphene

AbstractChelated titanate (CT) modified single‐layer graphene (CTMSG), exhibiting much better static and dynamic stability due to the synergy of physical and chemical bonds, was mixed with butadiene‐vinylpyridine latex (BL) to prepare composite (CTMSG‐BL) film to enhance its thermal conductivity. Furthermore, CTMSG‐BL was complexed with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric to promote the thermal conductivity of the composite (CTMSG‐BL/PET). Compared with the samples without CTMSG, the thermal conductivity of CTMSG‐BL (CTMSG content: 0.2 wt%) and CTMSG‐BL/PET increased from 3.52 to 4.35 W/(m·K) and from 1.91 to 2.56 W/(m·K), improved by 19.1% and 34.0%. This benefits from the excellent orientation alignment of single‐layer graphene (SG) in BL film and the highly efficient construction of the thermal conductivity pathway. The CTMSG‐BL emulsion is suitable for preparing heat‐resistant thermal conductive film with a thickness of micro‐nano meter (~0.6 μm) by impregnation process because of the low viscosity of the CTMSG‐BL emulsion (3.61 mPa·s) and the good heat resistance of the pyridine groups of BL with average pyrolysis temperature about 444 °C. The CTMSG‐BL film and CTMSG‐BL/PET composites have excellent heat conduction and dissipation properties, exhibiting broad application prospects in thermal interface materials, aerospace, and transport.Highlights The static and dynamic stability of the CTMSG was significantly improved. Low viscosity CTMSG‐BL is suitable for preparing thermally conductive films. With the addition of CTMSG, the thermal conductivity of BL improved by 19.0%. With addition of CTMSG, the thermal conductivity of BL/PET improved by 34%.

Investigating the mechanical properties of PET composites reinforced with Delonix regia seed particles

This research explores the enhancement of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composites using Delonix regia seed particles. The incorporation of Delonix regia (Dr) into PET significantly improves mechanical properties, including micro-hardness, compressive strength, and tensile strength. With Dr content up to 0.75 wt%, the composite’s micro-hardness increased from 1.2 HV to 15.5 HV, and its compressive strength improved from 74.6 MPa to 106.3 MPa, while tensile strength rose from 262 MPa to 288 MPa. FTIR analysis reveals improved dispersion and molecular interactions, confirming the effectiveness of Dr as a reinforcing agent in PET composites. The study emphasizes how Delonix regia seed particles can be used to effectively reinforce polymeric composites.

CNT modified chopped ultra-thin CF/PET tapes reinforced PET thermoplastic composite laminates with elevated interfacial properties and ultra-low porosity

Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced thermoplastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) laminate composites with light weight, high strength, excellent damage tolerance, and recyclability have garnered increasing attention. However, the weak interface between inert CF and PET resin, as well as the difficulty of impregnating the considerably high melt viscosity of PET matrix into the CF bundles, have impeded further development of the CF/PET composites. To settle the challenge, the chopped ultra-thin CF tapes (thickness of 40 μm and length of 30 mm) reinforced PET composite laminates were prepared by mechanical spreading technology, following with random stacking and molding technology via the plasma treatment and PET/carbon nanotubes (CNT) sizing. As the results, the optimal interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), tensile strength, and Young's modulus of the chopped ultra-thin CF tapes reinforced PET composites (with 1.0 wt% CNT) achieved 42.4 MPa, 780.9 MPa, and 47.8 GPa, which increased by 41.9 %, 40.7 %, and 68.9 %, respectively, compared to unmodified CF/PET composites. Especially, the porosity of the composites reached 0.68 %, decreased by 84.3 %. Therefore, combining the easy infiltrability of chopped ultra-thin CF tapes technology and the multiscale interfacial reinforced strategy (plasma treatment and PET/CNT sizing) is an effective way to reduce the porosity and enhance the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic composites.

High versatility of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste for the development of batteries, biosensing and gas sensing devices

Continuously growing adoption of electronic devices in energy storage, human health and environmental monitoring systems increases demand for cost-effective, lightweight, comfortable, and highly efficient functional structures. In this regard, the recycling and reuse of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste in the aforementioned fields due to its excellent mechanical properties and chemical resistance is an effective solution to reduce plastic waste. Herein, we review recent advances in synthesis procedures and research studies on the integration of PET into energy storage (Li-ion batteries) and the detection of gaseous and biological species. The operating principles of such systems are described and the role of recycled PET for various types of architectures is discussed. Modifying the composition, crystallinity, surface porosity, and polar surface functional groups of PET are important factors for tuning its features as the active or substrate material in biological and gas sensors. The findings indicate that conceptually new pathways to the study are opened up for the effective application of recycled PET in the design of Li-ion batteries, as well as biochemical and catalytic detection systems. The current challenges in these fields are also presented with perspectives on the opportunities that may enable a circular economy in PET use.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ULTRAFINE CLAY-WOOD DUST HYBRID REINFORCED RECYCLED POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE MATRIX COMPOSITE FOR SEMI-STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS

This research involves the production of polymer matrix composites as a combination of ultrafine clay, wood dust and recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) where the matrix is recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate, and the dispersed phase (hybrid fillers) are ultrafine clay and wood dust. The proportion of recycled PET used for composite production varied from 97 wt% - 99 wt%, while that of wood dust varied from 0.5 wt% - 2 wt% and ultrafine clay from 0.5 wt% - 2 wt%. Physical tests including porosity, water absorption and flammability tests were also carried out on the developed samples. Results obtained from physical tests revealed that the densities of ultrafine clay-wood dust hybrid reinforced recycled PET composites (1.051 - 1.209 g/cm3) were relatively higher than those of ultrafine clay reinforced recycled PET composites and wood dust reinforced recycled PET composite. The WD2 composite sample has the least experimental density value of 0.793 g/cm3. The percentage water absorption rate of the wood dust reinforced recycled PET composites were relatively higher than the ultrafine clay reinforced recycled PET composites. The percentage water absorption rate of the hybrid reinforced recycled PET composites were in between those of the wood dust reinforced and ultrafine clay reinforced fillers. The UFC0.5 composite sample (0.5 wt% ultrafine clay, 0 wt% wood dust reinforced 99.5 wt% recycled PET composite sample) has the least percentage water absorption value of 0.12846535 when compared to other samples. The porosity of the hybrid reinforced recycled PET composite samples were relatively lower than the control sample and separately reinforced samples with ultrafine clay and wood dust. However, HB1 composite sample has the least % porosity value of 1.1563. UFC2 has the least flame propagation rate of value of 0.05482456 mm/s.
 Keywords: Ultrafine Clay, Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate, Polymer Matrix Composite, Wood Dust.

Chelated titanate modified multilayer graphene-butylpyridine latex/polyethylene terephthalate composites with enhanced thermal conductivity

The low thermal conductivity of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric, which affects the thermal conducting between different layers in composites, is often the weakness in the application of thick butadiene-vinylpyridine latex (BVL)/PET composite, slowing down the composites' processing efficiency and dissipation of frictional heat during operation. In this study, chelated titanate modified multilayer graphene (CTMMG) was used to functionalize butadiene-vinylpyridine latex (CTMMG-BVL), which was further applied for preparing composite to improve the thermal conductivity of PET-reinforced composite (CTMMG-BVL/PET). The static and dynamic stabilities of the CTMMG dispersion as well as thermal conductivity and electrostatic properties of the CTMMG-BVL film and CTMMG-BVL/PET composite were investigated. It was found that both static and dynamic stabilities of the CTMMG dispersion within 24 h were superior to unmodified multilayer graphene (MG) as the MG content and mass ratio of titanate to MG were 10 mg/mL and 25 %, respectively. Compared to the BVL film, the thermal conductivity and tensile strength of CTMMG-BVL film (CTMMG content: 2.19 wt%) were increased by 28.8 % and 4.5 %, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the CTMMG-BVL/PET composite was further enhanced by 48.3 % (from 2.65 to 3.93 W/(m·K)) compared to that of BVL/PET. The electrostatic property of the CTMMG-BVL film and CTMMG-BVL/PET composite was significantly improved. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that the mechanism for the excellent static and dynamic stability of waterborne CTMMG dispersions was attributed to the synergistic effects of the hydrogen bond and chemical bond formed between titanate and MG. The prepared CTMMG-BVL/PET composite with excellent thermal conductivity and heat dissipation showed potential application in many fields such as aviation, transportation, and seals.

Heterostructured BN@Co‐C@C Endowing Polyester Composites Excellent Thermal Conductivity and Microwave Absorption at C Band

AbstractThe trends of miniaturization, lightweight, and high integration in electronics have brought serious issues in heat dissipation and electromagnetic compatibility and also limited the simultaneous use of thermally conductive and microwave absorption materials. Therefore, it is imperative to design materials that possess those dual functions. In this work, one‐pot method is used to anchor zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF‐67 coated with polydopamine (PDA) on boron nitride (BN) to obtain BN@ZIF‐67@PDA. The pyrolysis product BN@Co‐C@C is used as heterostructured thermally conductive/microwave absorption fillers and blended with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to prepare BN@Co‐C@C/PET composites. When the mass ratio of BN to ZIF‐67@PDA is 7.5:1 and the mass fraction of BN7.5@Co‐C@C is 45 wt%, the BN7.5@Co‐C@C/PET composites exhibit excellent thermal conductivities and microwave absorption performances. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 5.37 W m−1 K−1, which is 35.8 times higher than that of PET (0.15 W m−1 K−1), and also higher than that of 45 wt% (BN7.5/Co‐C@C)/PET composites (4.03 W m−1 K−1) prepared by directly mixing. The minimum reflection loss of 45 wt% BN7.5@Co‐C@C/PET composites are −63.1 dB at 4.72 GHz, and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth is 1.28 GHz (4.08–5.36 GHz), achieving excellent microwave absorption performance at C band.

THE EFFECT OF THE FLUORINE CONCENTRATION IN A PLASMA-FORMING GAS MIXTURE ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, SURFACE CHARGE, AND RELIEF PARAMETERS OF FLUOROCARBON COATINGS ON PET

In this work, the main factors influencing the appearance of the antiadhesive properties on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a fluorocarbon film were considered. The chemical composition, surface charge, and surface relief of antimicrobial fluorocarbon films deposited on PET were studied. The fluorocarbon films were formed by ion-plasma technology at reduced pressure using a two-component gas mixture consisting of tetrafluoromethane and cyclohexane.

Acoustic absorption of3Dprinted glycol‐modified polyethylene terephthalate composites with organically modified montmorillonite and short carbon fibers: Experimentation andANNbased predictive strategy

AbstractIn this article, the acoustic properties of 3D printed glycol‐modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay/short carbon fiber (SCF) nanocomposites are experimentally investigated using ASTM E1050‐08 standard. To this end, the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of different PETG composites was calculated with the aid of two microphone impedance tube, working in the frequency range of 50–6300 Hz. The effect of different weight percentages (wt%) of OMMT nanoclay, SCFs, and 3D printing infill density on the acoustic behavior of PETG nanocomposites is studied. The experimental results reveal that higher wt% of OMMT nanoclay and SCFs has a beneficial effect on sound absorption. Further, the trend of variation of SAC is justified with morphological studies. Also, an artificial neural network (ANN) based prediction methodology to predict SAC is developed using the datasets obtained from the experimentation. Levenberg–Marquardt backward propagation algorithm with 20 neurons trains the ANN model. Using the trained ANN model, the acoustic properties of PETG/OMMT/SCF nanocomposites with different operating frequencies, infill density and wt% of reinforcements are predicted with less than 5% average error. This can be beneficial in eliminating the fabrication and experimentation costs incurred while assessing the acoustic properties of the PETG composites.HighlightsPETG/OMMT nanoclay/SCF composite filaments are fabricated.Acoustic absorption of 3D printed PETG composites are experimentally studied.ANN based predictive tool is developed using experimental data.ANN tool predicts the sound absorption and reduces experimentation cost.Microstructural studies justify the trend of sound absorption.

Recycled PET Composites Reinforced with Stainless Steel Lattice Structures Made by AM.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling is one of the most important environmental issues, assuring a cleaner environment and reducing the carbon footprint of technological products, taking into account the quantities used year by year. The recycling possibilities depend on the quality of the collected material and on the targeted product. Current research aims to increase recycling quantities by putting together recycled PET in an innovative way as a filler for the additive manufactured metallic lattice structure. Starting from the structures mentioned above, a new range of composite materials was created: IPC (interpenetrating phase composites), materials with a complex architecture in which a solid phase, the reinforcement, is uniquely combined with the other phase, heated to the temperature of melting. The lattice structure was modeled by the intersection of two rings using Solid Works, which generates the lattice structure, which was further produced by an additive manufacturing technique from 316L stainless steel. The compressive strength shows low values for recycled PET, of about 26 MPa, while the stainless-steel lattice structure has about 47 MPa. Recycled PET molding into the lattice structure increases its compressive strength at 53 MPa. The Young's moduli are influenced by the recycled PET reinforcement by an increase from about 1400 MPa for the bare lattice structure to about 1750 MPa for the reinforced structure. This sustains the idea that recycled PET improves the composite elastic behavior due to its superior Young's modulus of about 1570 MPa, acting synergically with the stainless-steel lattice structure. The morphology was investigated with SEM microscopy, revealing the binding ability of recycled PET to the 316L surface, assuring a coherent composite. The failure was also investigated using SEM microscopy, revealing that the microstructural unevenness may act as a local tensor, which promotes the interfacial failure within local de-laminations that weakens the composite, which finally breaks.

Glass fiber network reinforced polyethylene terephthalate composites for support insulators

Epoxy resin has long been used as an insulating material in high-voltage apparatus, although its poor recyclability greatly limits its future application. Fiber network reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (PET), as a low-cost and recyclable material, has great potential to substitute epoxy resin as a high-voltage insulation material. The enhanced fiber network combined with the PET matrix form a semi-‘steel-reinforced concrete’ structure, and can collaboratively improve the tensile strength by more than 50% and the dielectric strength by 25.4%. Furthermore, the breakdown path as well as the fiber distribution are clearly rebuilt in 3D coordinates based on a 3D x-ray microscope for the first time. Experimental and computational evidence show that the fiber network lengthens the breakdown path and improves the dielectric strength. This work provides new perspectives for subsequent research on the electrical properties of bone-enhanced dielectric polymer composite.

Selective depolymerization of PET to monomers from its waste blends and composites at ambient temperature

Recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), one of the largest varieties of synthetic polymers and the primary textile feedstock, presents a significant challenge when waste PET blends or composites are involved. Despite numerous efforts to address waste PET, it is difficult to achieve energy-efficient and selective depolymerization of PET through physical sorting systems or existing chemical means. Herein, we report a dichloromethane (DCM) and ethanol (EtOH) solvent system to selectively depolymerize PET into monomers while fully recover other mixture components. The complete depolymerization of PET and recovery of more than 99% of terephthalic acid (TPA) monomer can be achieved at room temperature within 30 min. After the reaction, TPA can be separated by simple filtration due to its insolubility in the solution. The filtrate can be reused for the recovery of PET. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that the high activity and selectivity is attributed to activating effect of DCM to PET ester groups, as well as pore-forming effect to promote PET interfacial mass transfer. Environmental energy impact and carbon emissions were evaluated and the results demonstrate the environmental friendliness of this method. This approach enables direct and efficient recycling of PET monomers from waste blends and composites, providing a viable solution to plastic and textile pollution.

Characteristics of Density and Hardness on Caloric Value of Substitution of Biomass and Pet Plastics as Refused Derived Fuel Pellets

The utilization of biomass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste as raw material for refuse-derived fuel (RDF) has been studied. However, physical such as density and hardness are still not widely used. This study aimed to determine the relationship between variations in the composition of PET and physical garden waste density and hardness on the quality of the caloric value of RDF. Density measurements were carried out with the Ultrapyc 1200e instrument. While for hardness, using the Shore D method. The Shore D Hardness test is a standardized test that involves evaluating the amount of depth that may be penetrated by a certain indentation. The lowest density is RDF pellets for food waste at 1,537 kg/m3 and consists of RDF pellets for plastic waste at 2,560 kg/m3. In line with the density, the hardness value increases with the addition of the PET composition. The density and hardness values in the RDF mixture show a simultaneous relationship to the heating value. The highest caloric value achieved is the use of 100% PET as pellets which can reach 5765 kcal/kg.

A Sulfur-Containing Polyphosphonate Flame Retardant for Polyethylene Terephthalate

ABSTRACT A sulfur-containing polyphosphonate compound, polysulfonyldiphenylene phenylphosphonate (PSPPP), was prepared based on diphenylphosphine and bisphenol S, and applied to flame retarded polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The flame retardancy and thermal stability of PSPPP/PET composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), cone calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). LOI value increased from 20.5% for pure PET to 29.2% for flame retardant PET with 8 wt.% PSPPP, and 8%PSPPP/PET passed UL-94 V-0 rating. The cone calorimeter test displayed that PSPPP not only inhibited the maximum combustion strength of PET composites but also suppressed the smoke release. TGA results indicated that PSPPP significantly enhanced the char yield of composites and the thermal stability of residues at higher temperature. The flame retardant modes of action of PSPPP were confirmed by experiments using TGA-Fourier transform infrared (TGA-FTIR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), Hot-Stage FTIR, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). PSPPP played a role of flame retardant in condensed phase and gas phase. During combustion, PSPPP continuously released phosphorus-oxygen-free radicals with quenching effect, thus playing the gas phase flame retardant effect. On the other hand, the transesterification reactions between PSPPP and PET promoted the formation of dense carbon layer and led to high barrier effect.

Reduction of biofilm formation on 3D printing materials treated with essential oils major compounds

3D printing food materials Daylight Magna Hard Black resin (DMHB resin) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are widely used in food industry. During contact with microorganisms, a microbial adhesion and biofilm formation is formed and which would be responsible for serious health risks. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of thymol and carvacrol on the physicochemical characteristics of DMHB and PET using the contact angle method. Furthermore, the biofilm formation of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli on 3D printing materials studied was done. In addition, the antibiofilm effect of tow naturally compounds tested against the bacteria studied was investigated. The results of the contact angle measurements showed a significant change in the physicochemical properties of both surfaces after treatment (p < 0.05). The environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) analysis showed that both studied bacteria were able to induce biofilm formation on the DMHB with a percentage of 86.57% and 91.47% for E. coli and B. subtilis respectively. Regarding the PET, it is noted that the biofilm formation is favorable with B. subtilis (78.05%) and unfavorable with E. coli (0%). For the antibiofilm effect, the results showed that a minimum concentration SubCMI = 0.14 mg/mL for carvacrol and SubCMI = 0.039 mg/mL for thymol was sufficient to obtain better inhibition of biofilm formation. Indeed, these naturally compounds significantly reduced the amount of biofilm of B. subtilis and E. coli by up to 90% on both supports studied (p < 0.05). In the light of these findings, we can deduce that it is recommended to incorporate the studied major compounds into the composition of PET and resin materials in order to use them in the food industry.

Preparation and characterization of polyphosphazene-based flame retardants with different functional groups

To study the effect of polyphosphazene nanocomposites with different functional groups on the flame retardancy of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly-(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldianiline) (PDS) and poly-(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) containing amino and hydroxyl groups, respectively, were synthesized. Molecular simulation and experimental results showed that the hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions between PDS and PET were lower than those between PZS and PET. The weaker interactions caused the cross-linking network between PDS and PET to collapse readily, leading to a more significant dripping phenomenon; however, they did not cause secondary combustion. After adding 5 wt% PDS, the limiting oxygen index value of PET composites increased to 33.1%, and they passed the UL-94 V-0 test. PDS exhibited better flame retardancy than PZS.

Sisal fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate composites; Fabrication, characterization and possible application

The use of thermoplastics (TPs) for natural fiber composites is restricted to commodity ones like polypropylene and polyethylene However, using engineered TPs such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) will benefit from its technical and economic advantages. The research aims to characterize injection molded PET composites reinforced with sisal fibers treated differently. Polyethylene terephthalate composites containing 40 wt.% of untreated, alkaline-treated, and alkali/acetylation treated sisal fibers were prepared using compounding and injection molding processes and then characterized. It has been found that production of sisal-PET composites by compounding and injection molding has been shown to be possible. Thermal damage to sisal fiber was noticed during composite production. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis analysis, a net weight loss (excluding water loss) of 11.1%–14.0% was observed at the operating temperatures of the two processes. The addition of 40 wt.% of sisal to the PET matrix improved the tensile modulus by 137%. Further improvement by 179% was observed when alkali-treated sisal fiber was used. The combined alkali/acetylation treatment of sisal yields more enhancement by 233%. This is a significant advancement because modulus is the most influential parameter during the design and service of an engineering product. Generally, compared to the raw sisal composite (RSC) the interfacial, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties of the alkali treated sisal composite (Al-SC) and alkali/acetylated sisal composite (Al-ASC) specimens recorded an improvement. Relative to the natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites that were commercialized in the automotive industry, the produced sisal–PET composites resulted in a considerable improvement of 66.6%–190% in flexural strength and by 110.5%–410.0% in flexural modulus, depending on sisal fiber treatment and the composite to be compared. Thus, the studied composites can be recommended for various parts of automobiles.

An artificial neural network prediction on physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of giant reed fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate composite

Plant fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites have had broad applications recently because of their lower cost advantages, lower weight, and biodegradable nature. The present work studies the influence of reinforcing giant reed fiber concentration in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer for their physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics and determines the optimum loading of giant reed fiber using an artificial neural network (ANN) scheme. Giant reed fiber reinforced PET matrix laminates were manufactured from compression molding with different fiber loadings such as 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 20 wt.%. The mechanical characteristics such as tensile and flexural strength and the laminate’s tensile and flexural modulus were appraised and examined. The maximum value of tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile modulus, and flexural modulus were 5.4 MPa, 26 MPa, 8343 MPa, and 6300 MPa, respectively, for PET2 (10 wt.% of giant reed fiber in PET polymer) composite. Fiber pullout, gaps, and fracture behavior were examined from a scanning electron microscope in the microstructural analysis. A machine learning technique has been recommended to combine artificial intelligence while designing giant reed fiber reinforced polymeric laminates. Using the suggested method, an ANN model has been generated to attain the targeted giant reed fiber concentration for PET composite while gratifying the necessary targeted characteristics. The developed method is very effective and decreases the effort and time of material characterization for huge specimens. It will support the researchers in designing their forthcoming test efficiently.

Halloysite silanization in polyethylene terephthalate composites for bottling and packaging applications

Composite materials of polyethylene terephthalate with silanized halloysite nanoclay were prepared and characterized. Halloysite was first functionalized with benzoyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and then incorporated it into the polymer matrix via melt extrusion at 0.5, 1, and 2 wt% clay load ratios. The modified clay was characterized by means of elemental carbon quantification, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption. The silanization was confirmed to have taken place with an approximate reaction yield of 5%. While the silanization did not significantly affect the crystal structure or the morphological properties of the clay, a mass loss starting from 190 °C attributed to the organosilane compound used to modify the clay was observed in the reacted samples, along with increased thermal stability. The composite materials exhibited an increase in Young’s modulus and a decrease in the ultimate strain, but not a significant change in the oxygen permeability of the composites with respect to the neat PET.Graphical abstract

Development and Characterization of Biobased Polyamide 56/Polyethylene Terephthalate Composite Fibers

The present research studied the production process and performance of biobased PA56 (polyamide 56) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) composite fibers through melt side-by-side spinning. The results showed that biobased PA56 and PET composites with strength of 4.0–4.3 CN/dtex were prepared by applying a spinning speed of 4,000–4,050 m/min, draw ratio of 2.50–2.70, first heat roll temperature of 80–90 °C, second heat roll temperature of 160–165 °C, and the addition of 5% compatibilizer between the two components. The fibers and fabric showed high moisture absorption, good air permeability, and excellent antistatic properties. The saturated moisture absorption rate was 11.2%, the air permeability was 9680 g/(m2·d), and the specific resistance was 1080*1010 Ω·m.