Poly Ethylene-octene Copolymer Research Articles

Preparation and performance analysis of polyamide-based rapid repair material for asphalt pavement shallow groove

In order to effectively remedy shallow grooves on asphalt pavements, this study presents an innovative solution, termed Polyamide-based Asphalt Pavement Shallow Groove Rapid Repair Material (PA-SGRRM). This material employs polyamide 6 (PA6) as the matrix resin, in conjunction with polypropylene (PP), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene-octene copolymer (POE-g-MAH). It is manufactured through an extrusion granulation process. At the outset, a molecular dynamics approach was employed to assess the compatibility of the primary constituents and the adhesion between the matrix resin and asphalt, confirming the rationale behind the material selection. Subsequently, the orthogonal experimental design method was utilized to investigate the influence of design parameters (POE-g-MAH content, PP content, and EVA content) on the flexural strength, tensile strength, low-temperature toughness, and melt flow rate of PA-SGRRM. Following this, we prepared samples with the optimal proportions of EVA and POE-g-MAH and conducted a separate analysis to evaluate the impact of PP on the saturated moisture content of PA-SGRRM. Finally, we employed Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the microstructures of the low-temperature fracture surface and ambient temperature tensile fracture surface of the PA-SGRRM and employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to deduce the primary chemical reactions occurring within the PA-SGRRM. The results demonstrated that POE-g-MAH played a crucial role in enhancing the compatibility of the simulated hybrid system consisting of PP and PA6. Additionally, it was observed that adhesion between PA6 and asphalt existed, with a gradual decrease as temperature rose. The content of POE-g-MAH and PP were the two primary parameters influencing the performance of PA-SGRRM. POE-g-MAH exerted a significant adverse impact on the flexural strength, tensile strength, and melt flow rate of PA-SGRRM, while substantially improving its low-temperature toughness. The PP positively reduced the water absorption characteristics of PA-SGRRM. Based on the experimental results, the optimal combination of design parameters for PA-SGRRM is recommended.

Reactive Compatibilization of Polyamide 6/Olefin Block Copolymer Blends: Phase Morphology, Rheological Behavior, Thermal Behavior, and Mechanical Properties.

In this study, the morphology, rheological behavior, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties of a polyamide 6 (PA6) and olefin block copolymer (OBC) blend compatibilized with maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene-octene copolymer (POE-g-MAH) were investigated. The morphological observations showed that the addition of POE-g-MAH enhanced the OBC particle dispersion in the PA6 matrix, suggesting a better interfacial compatibility between the pure PA6 and OBC. The results of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis and the Molau test confirmed the compatibilization reactions between POE-g-MAH and PA6. The rheological test revealed that the melt viscosity, storage modulus (G’), and loss modulus (G”) of the compatibilized PA6/OBC blends at low frequency were increased with the increasing POE-g-MAH content. The thermal analysis indicated that the addition of OBC had little effect on the crystallization behavior of PA6, while the incorporation of POE-g-MAH at high content (7 wt%) in the PA6/OBC blend restricted the crystallization of PA6. In addition, the compatibilized blends exhibited a significant enhancement in impact strength compared to the uncompatibilized PA6/OBC blend, in which the highest value of impact strength obtained at a POE-g-MAH content of 7 wt% was about 194% higher than that of pure PA6 under our experimental conditions.

Effect of Mold Temperature on the Impact Behavior and Morphology of Injection Molded Foams Based on Polypropylene Polyethylene⁻Octene Copolymer Blends.

In this work, an isotactic polypropylene (PP) and a polyethylene–octene copolymer (POE) have been blended and injection-molded, obtaining solids and foamed samples with a relative density of 0.76. Different mold temperature and injection temperature were used. The Izod impact strength was measured. For solids, higher mold temperature increased the impact resistance, whereas in foams, the opposite trend was observed. In order to understand the reasons of this behavior, the morphology of the elastomeric phase, the crystalline morphology and the cellular structure have been studied. The presence of the elastomer near the skin in the case of high mold temperature can explain the improvement produced with a high mold temperature in solids. For foams, aspects as the elastomer coarsening in the core of the sample or the presence of a thicker solid skin are the critical parameters that justify the improved behavior of the materials produced with a lower mold temperature.

Elastic properties of UV irradiated polyethylene-octene copolymer composites with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

ABSTRACTPolyethylene-octene copolymer (E38) is melt compounded with carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNT-COOH) in the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PEgMA). The effects of CNT-COOH in the amount of 1–10 wt. % on the mechanical properties of E38 based composite are investigated. It is revealed that addition of CNT-COOH considerably increases the stiffness and mechanical strength of the E38 based composites. The effect of UV irradiation on the structure as well as on the mechanical properties of E38/PEgMA/CNT-COOH composites is also investigated. Results of the investigation testify that UV resistance of the E38 based composites increases by increasing the content of CNT-COOH.

Simultaneous Improvement in Both Electrical Conductivity and Toughness of Polyamide 6 Nanocomposites Filled with Elastomer and Carbon Black Particles

To simultaneously improve electrical conductivity and toughness of polyamide 6 (PA 6), carbon black (CB) nanoparticles and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene–octene copolymer (POE-g-MA) were compounded with PA 6 by melt compounding, and the influences of CB and POE-g-MA components on the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of PA 6 nanocomposites were investigated. The addition of CB improves the electrical conductivity and Young’s modulus of PA 6. With 40 wt % POE-g-MA and 15 wt % CB, the nanocomposite exhibits a high notched impact energy of 73.9 kJ/m2 and an electrical conductivity of 7.1 × 10–6 S/m. Interestingly, the presence of POE-g-MA reduces the electrical percolation threshold of the PA 6 nanocomposites due to the selective localization of CB in the PA 6 matrix. Compared to PA 6/CB binary nanocomposites, the ternary nanocomposites exhibit both higher electrical conductivity and supertoughness.

Electrically conductive and super-tough polypropylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding

Polyethylene–octene copolymer (POE), maleic anhydride-grafted POE (POE-g-MA) and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were incorporated as second polymer components with polypropylene/carbon nanotube (PP/CNT) components by melt compounding and their influences on electrical conductivity and toughness of the nanocomposites were studied. POE-containing nanocomposites exhibit not only high electrical conductivity but also super-toughness, which are not considerably dependent on compounding sequences. Though UHMWPE does not largely affect the electrical conductivity of PP/CNT nanocomposites due to its impermeable feature, its toughening efficiency on PP/CNT nanocomposites is rather low. Irrespective of the compounding sequences, the incorporation of POE-g-MA adversely affects the formation of conducting network of CNTs due to its attraction with CNTs, leading to an insulating PP/CNT nanocomposite even with 30wt% of POE-g-MA. Among the three second polymer components, POE is much preferred in actual applications as it makes PP/CNT nanocomposites super-tough while the conducting feature of the nanocomposites is retained.

Reactive compatibilization of poly(lactic acid)/polyethylene octene copolymer blends with ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer

AbstractA melt blending process was used to prepare poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/metallocene catalyzed polyethylene octene copolymer (POE) blends in order to toughen PLA. A commercialized ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EGMA) was applied as a compatibilizer to improve the dispersion and interaction of dispersed POE to the PLA matrix. The results showed that chemical interaction seems to be the driving force for reinforcing the compatibility between PLA and POE, and also the dispersion of POE into the PLA matrix domain. With the incorporation of 10 phr EGMA in the blends, POE was well-dispersed at a sub-micrometer scale within the PLA matrix, indicating better interfacial compatibility between PLA and POE. The impact strength test revealed that POE could significantly toughen PLA containing EGMA in the blends, up to no-break level regarding unnotched Izod impact strength at 10 phr EGMA content. With the increase of EGMA content, the blends showed lower tensile strength, but higher elongation at break due to the elastomeric characteristics of EGMA. When 10 phr of the EGMA was incorporated into the blends, its elongation at break reached 54.5%, 10.7 times that of neat PLA at 5.1%. The melt viscosity of compatibilized blends containing 10 phr EGMA increased by more than 50% in comparison with the non-compatibilized blend, which implied a good interfacial interaction between the PLA and POE interface.

Mechanical properties and heat shrinkability of electron beam crosslinked polyethylene–octene copolymer

The mechanical properties and heat shrinkability of electron beam crosslinked polyethylene–octene copolymer were studied. It was found that gel content increases with increased radiation dose. The analysis of results by the Charlesby–Pinner equation revealed that crosslinking was dominant over chain scission upon irradiation. Formation of a crosslinked structure in the electron beam irradiated sample was confirmed by the presence of a plateau of dynamic storage modulus above the melting point of the polymer. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction revealed that there was little change in crystallinity for the irradiated samples, indicating that radiation crosslinking occurs in the amorphous region of the polymer. The tensile modulus increases, whereas the elongation at break decreases with increased radiation dose. The heat shrinkability of the material increased with an increased radiation dose because the radiation-induced crosslinks serve as memory points during the shrinking process.

Transcrystalline Regions in the Vicinity of Nanofillers in Polyamide-6

The presence of preferential organization of lamellar regions in the vicinity of soft (maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene-octene copolymer, POE-g-MA) and rigid (clay) nanofillers and how these interfaces or ligament regions between the nanoadditives and a polymer, polyamide-6, contribute toward the toughening processes were studied. The preferential lamellar orientation was observed only in the core region of the injection-molded polymer nanocomposites, while in other regions flow-induced crystallization was the controlling factor. In the case of soft fillers, it was shown that the orientation of transcrystalline lamellae along the tensile direction to promote shear yielding is a complex process, but it is not a predominant factor controlling the total toughness of the polymer blend, which is the sum of all the deformation processes occurring in all the regions (i.e., surface, intermediate, and core) of the injection-molded samples. For rigid clay systems, delamination of the clay layers occurred and resulted in only a slight increase of the toughness. Hence, it was suggested that without extensive matrix shear yielding activated by full debonding of the clay/matrix interfaces large improvements in toughness cannot be realized.

Rubber‐toughened polypropylene nanocomposite: Effect of polyethylene octene copolymer on mechanical properties and phase morphology

AbstractRubber‐toughened polypropylene (PP)/org‐Montmorillonite (org‐MMT) nanocomposite with polyethylene octene (POE) copolymer were compounded in a twin‐screw extruder at 230°C and injection‐molded. The POE used had 25 wt % 1‐octene content and the weight fraction of POE in the blend was varied in the range of 0–20 wt %. X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) revealed that an intercalation org‐MMT silicate layer structure was formed in rubber‐toughened polypropylene nanocomposites (RTPPNC). Izod impact measurements indicated that the addition of POE led to a significant improvement in the impact strength of the RTPPNC, from 6.2 kJ/m2 in untoughened PP nanocomposites to 17.8 kJ/m2 in RTPPNC containing 20 wt % POE. This shows that the POE elastomer was very effective in converting brittle PP nanocomposites into tough nanocomposites. However, the Young's modulus, tensile strength, flexural modulus, and flexural strength of the blends decreased with respect to the PP nanocomposites, as the weight fraction of POE was increased to 20 wt %. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the investigation of the phase morphology and rubber particles size. SEM study revealed a two‐phase morphology where POE, as droplets was dispersed finely and uniformly in the PP matrix. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3441–3450, 2006

New super‐tough poly(butylene terephthalate) materials based on compatibilized blends with metallocenic poly(ethylene‐octene) copolymer

AbstractNew super‐tough poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/poly(ethylene‐octene) copolymer (PEO) blends containing 2 wt% poly(ethylene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) (EGMA) as a compatibilizer were obtained by extrusion and injection molding. The blends comprised of an amorphous PBT‐rich phase with some miscibilized EGMA, a pure PEO amorphous phase, and a crystalline PBT phase that was not influenced by the presence of either PEO or EGMA. The blends showed a fine particle size up to 20 wt% PEO content. Super‐tough blends were obtained with PEO contents equal to or higher than 10%. The maximum toughness was very high (above 710 J/m) and was attained with 20% PEO without chemical modification of the commercial components used. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Compatibilization of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Metallocenic Poly(ethylene-octene) Blends by Means of Poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate)

Super-tough poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) based blends were obtained by melt blending PBT with 20 wt% poly(ethylene-octene) copolymer (PEO), and varying amounts of poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (EGMA) as a compatibilizer. Partially reacted EGMA dissolved completely, mainly in the PBT-rich phase, up to 4% EGMA, at which point a crystalline EGMA phase appeared. The reaction and the consequent compatibilization led to a decrease in the particle size and to an improvement in the adhesion between the components. Two percent EGMA was the minimum content required to reach maximum super-toughness, that also corresponded to the maximum ductility. The inter-particle distance (τ) was the parameter that controlled super-toughness. The study of the parameters that τc depends on, showed that τc was independent of the modulus of the dispersed phase (Ed) over the τc range studied. However, the dependence of τc on adhesion at the interphase was seen by means of the comparison of the τc-interfacial tension relationship of this blend with those of previous studies.