Poly Ethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether Research Articles

Fabrication and characterization of unique sustain modified chitosan nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Chitosan (CS) is a biopolymer that offers a wide range in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and antimicrobial activity. Syringaldehyde (1) is a naturally occurring organic compound characterized by its use in multiple fields such as pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, textiles and biological applications. Herein, development of chitosan derivative with physicochemical and anticancer properties via Schiff base formation from the reaction of chitosan with sustainable eco-friendly syringaldehyde yielded the (CS-1) derivative. Moreover, in the presence of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) or sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinkers gave chitosan derivatives (CS-2) and (CS-3NPs) respectively. The chemical structures of the new chitosan derivatives were confirmed using different tools. (CS-3NPs) nanoparticle showed improvement in crystallinity, and (CS-2) derivative revealed the highest thermal stability compared to virgin chitosan. The cytotoxicity activity of chitosan and its derivatives were evaluated against HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) and HEp-2 (Human Larynx carcinoma) cell lines. The highest cytotoxicity activity was exhibited by (CS-3NPs) compared to virgin chitosan against HeLa cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of 90.38 ± 1.46% and 30.3% respectively and IC50 of 108.01 ± 3.94 µg/ml. From the above results, it can be concluded that chitosan nanoparticle (CS-3NPs) has good therapeutic value as a potential antitumor agent against the HeLa cancer cell line.

Development of lignin hydrogel reinforced polypyrrole rich electrode material for supercapacitor and sensing applications

The preparation of natural polymer-based highly conductive hydrogels with reliable durability for applications in supercapacitors (SCs) is still challenging. Herein, a facile method to prepare alkaline lignin (AL)-based polypyrrole (PPy)-rich, high-conductive PPy@AL/PEGDGE gel was reported, where AL was used as a dopant, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) as a cross-linking agent, and PPy as a conducting polymer. The PPy@AL/PEGDGE gel electrode materials with hollow structures were prepared by electrochemical deposition and chemical etching method and then assembled into sandwich-shaped SCs. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanotactic charge discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cycling stability tests of the PPy@AL/PEGDGE SCs were performed. The results demonstrated that the SCs can achieve a conductivity of 25.9 S·m−1 and a specific capacitance of 175 F·g−1, which was 127.4 % higher compared to pure PPy (77 F·g−1) electrode. The highest energy density and power density for the SCs were obtained at 23.06 Wh·kg−1 and 5376 W·kg−1, respectively. In addition, the cycling performance was also higher than that of pure PPy assembled SCs (50 %), and the capacitance retention rate can reach 72.3 % after 1000 cycles. The electrode materials are expected to be used as sensor and SCs devices.

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) extract additives in carboxymethyl chitosan scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering applications

Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) and hawthorn (<i>Crataegus oxyacantha</i>) extract additives in carboxymethyl chitosan scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering applications

Biodegradable Biocomposite of Starch Films Cross-Linked with Polyethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether and Reinforced by Microfibrillated Cellulose.

Biopolymers are biodegradable and renewable and can significantly reduce environmental impacts. For this reason, biocomposites based on a plasticized starch and cross-linker matrix and with a microfibrillated OCC cardboard cellulose reinforcement were developed. Biocomposites were prepared by suspension casting with varied amounts of microfibrillated cellulose: 0, 4, 8, and 12 wt%. Polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) was used as a cross-linking, water-soluble, and non-toxic agent. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) from OCC cardboard showed appropriate properties and potential for good performance as a reinforcement. In general, microfiber incorporation and matrix cross-linking increased crystallization, reduced water adsorption, and improved the physical and tensile properties of the plasticized starch. Biocomposites cross-linked with PEGDE and reinforced with 12 wt% MFC showed the best properties. The chemical and structural changes induced by the cross-linking of starch chains and MFC reinforcement were confirmed by FTIR, NMR, and XRD. Biodegradation higher than 80% was achieved for most biocomposites in 15 days of laboratory compost.

Water-Insoluble, Thermostable, Crosslinked Gelatin Matrix for Soft Tissue Implant Development.

In this present study, the material science background of crosslinked gelatin (GEL) was investigated. The aim was to assess the optimal reaction parameters for the production of a water-insoluble crosslinked gelatin matrix suitable for heat sterilization. Matrices were subjected to enzymatic degradation assessments, and their ability to withstand heat sterilization was evaluated. The impact of different crosslinkers on matrix properties was analyzed. It was found that matrices crosslinked with butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) were resistant to enzymatic degradation and heat sterilization. Additionally, at 1 v/v % crosslinker concentration, the crosslinked weight was lower than the starting weight, suggesting simultaneous degradation and crosslinking. The crosslinked weight and swelling ratio were optimal in the case of the matrices that were crosslinked with 3% and 5% v/v BDDE and PEGDE. FTIR analysis confirmed crosslinking, and the reduction of free primary amino groups indicated effective crosslinking even at a 1% v/v crosslinker concentration. Moreover, stress-strain and compression characteristics of the 5% v/v BDDE crosslinked matrix were comparable to native gelatin. Based on material science measurements, the crosslinked matrices may be promising candidates for scaffold development, including properties such as resistance to enzymatic degradation and heat sterilization.

Synthesis of dioctyl sebacate catalysed by cellulose-immobilized lipase

Dioctyl sebacate is a long carbon chain dibasic acid ester with methylene as the main body. It is widely used in plasticizers because of its good cold resistance and high viscosity. And it has excellent properties of non-toxicity and easy biodegradation, so it can be used as a potential new green bio-based plasticizer. At present, most of the preparation methods of dioctyl sebacate are chemical methods, which have many by-products and cause environmental pollution. In this article, cellulose microspheres were used as a carrier to immobilize Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) to catalyse the esterification of sebacic acid and n-octanol to prepare dioctyl sebacate. Through single factor experiments, the lipase immobilized on cellulose microspheres was optimized to determine the best process conditions: add 500 µL CALB to the erlenmeyer flask, and then add 0.02 mol/L PBS buffer (pH 8.0). After being prepared into a 5 mL system, 0.1 g of cellulose microspheres were added as a carrier and reacted for 3 h at 35 °C and 180 r/min. Added 0.5 vt% polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDEG) to the system for crosslinking. The final immobilization rate of lipase immobilized on cellulose microspheres was 80.06%, and the enzyme activity was 288.07 U/g. Using the cellulose-immobilized lipase as a catalyst, in the toluene system, the molar ratio of n (sebacic acid)/n (n-octanol) substrate was 1:3.5, the amount of immobilized enzyme was 0.04 g, 4 Å molecular sieve 1.5 g, 40 °C, and 150 r/min for 30 h, the conversion rate of dioctyl sebacate was 76.45%.

Hemoadhican-Based Bioabsorbable Hydrogel for Preventing Postoperative Adhesions.

Postoperative peritoneal adhesions are a prevalent clinical issue following abdominal and pelvic surgery, frequently resulting in heightened personal and societal health burdens. Traditional biomedical barriers offer limited benefits because of practical challenges for doctors and their incompatibility with laparoscopic surgery. Hydrogel materials, represented by hyaluronic acid gels, are receiving increasing attention. However, existing antiadhesive gels still have limited effectiveness or carry the risk of complications in clinical applications. Herein, we developed a novel hydrogel using polysaccharide hemoadhican (HD) as the base material and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) as the cross-linking agent. The HD hydrogels exhibit appropriate mechanical properties, injectability, and excellent cytocompatibility. We demonstrate resistance to protein adsorption and L929 fibroblast cell adhesion to the HD hydrogel. The biodegradability and efficacy against peritoneal adhesion are further evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. Our results suggest a potential strategy for anti-postoperative tissue adhesion barrier biomaterials.

Lip augmentation with hyaluronic acid hydrogel cross-linked with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) in two women with autoimmune disease. Case report

Lip augmentation with hyaluronic acid hydrogel cross-linked with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) in two women with autoimmune disease. Case report

The intermolecular interaction enables ordered ion transport in quasi-solid-state electrolyte for ultra-long life lithium-metal battery

Composite gel polymer electrolytes (CGPEs) have received wide attention due to their great potential to improve the safety and cycling stability of lithium (Li) metal batteries. However, the poor interface compatibility between the filler and polymer in CGPEs severely hinders lithium-ion (Li+) pathways and limits cell performance. Herein, we propose an Al(EtO)3 nanowires framework that can trigger poly (ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) to undergo ring opening polymerization, thus inducing polymer tight combination on the surface of Al(EtO)3 nanowires framework and dividing the polymer matrix into mesh units, contributing to ordered Li+ transport and dendrite-free deposition on the metallic anode. Such a CGPE with highly conductive and interface compatibility facilitates a high-performance quasi-solid-state Li||Li cell with an excellent long-term cycling stability for over 3000 h without a short circuit and registers a high capacity of 146.9 mAh g−1 after 46 cycles at a mass loading of 6 mg cm−2. Solid-state nuclear magnetic technology clearly clarifies the transport path of lithium ions in Al(EtO)3-based gel polymer electrolyte (AGPE). The results open up a new way to improve the electrochemical performances of composite electrolyte and promote its commercial application process.

Alumina Incorporation in Self-Supported Poly(ethylenimine) Sorbents for Direct Air Capture.

Self-supported branched poly(ethylenimine) scaffolds with ordered macropores are synthesized with and without Al2O3 powder additive by cross-linking poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) at -196 °C. The scaffolds' CO2 uptake performance is compared with a conventional sorbent, i.e., PEI impregnated on an Al2O3 support. PEI scaffolds with Al2O3 additive show narrow pore size distribution and thinner pore walls than alumina-free materials, facilitating higher CO2 uptake at conditions relevant to direct air capture. The PEI scaffold containing 6.5 wt % Al2O3 had the highest CO2 uptake of 1.23 mmol/g of sorbent under 50% RH 400 ppm of CO2 conditions. In situ DRIFT spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption experiments show a significant CO2 uptake contribution via physisorption as well as carbamic acid formation, with lower CO2 binding energies in PEI scaffolds relative to conventional PEI sorbents, likely a result of a lower population of primary amines due to the amine cross-linking reactions during scaffold synthesis. The PEI scaffold containing 6.5 wt % Al2O3 is estimated to have the lowest desorption energy penalty under humid conditions, 4.6 GJ/tCO2, among the sorbents studied.

Hydrogel Based on Riclin Cross-Linked with Polyethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether as a Soft Filler for Tissue Engineering.

Hydrogels composed of natural polysaccharides have been widely used as filling materials, with a growing interest in medical cosmetology and skin care. However, conventional commercial dermal fillers still have limitations, particularly in terms of mechanical performance and durability in vivo. In this study, a novel injectable and implantable hydrogel with adjustable characteristics was prepared from succinoglycan riclin by introducing PEG diglycidyl ether as a cross-linker. FTIR spectra confirmed the cross-linking reaction. The riclin hydrogels exhibited shear-thinning behavior, excellent mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility through in vitro experiments. Furthermore, when compared with subcutaneous injection of a commercial hyaluronic acid hydrogel, the riclin hydrogels showed enhanced persistence and biocompatibility in Balb/c mice after 16 weeks. These results demonstrate the great potential of the riclin-based hydrogel as an alternative to conventional commercial soft tissue fillers.

Construction of nano-silica particle clusters and their effects on the shear thickening properties of liquids.

It is of great research significance to prepare a new shear thickening fluid (STF) with a simple process, remarkable thickening effect and excellent impact resistance from the properties of the particles. Inspired by the shear thickening mechanism, nano-silica particle clusters (SPC) with different morphological structures were prepared by the reaction of amino-modified silica with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE), and the structure models of particle clusters were designed through theoretical analysis. The structure of SPC was affected by the degree of amination modification and the molecular weight of PEGDGE, which was analyzed by DLS and TEM. The shear thickening behavior of the fluid was evaluated by steady-state rheology and dynamic-state rheology analysis. The shear thickening behavior of the fluid composed of SPC also changed greatly with the influence of the degree of amination modification and the molecular weight of PEGDGE. In addition, compared with the STF contained original silica, the STF contained SPC could produce a faster and stronger shear thickening response. Therefore, silica particle clusters are not only a promising candidate for the preparation of high-performance shear thickening fluids, but can also be better applied to industrial and scientific fields such as impact protection and shock absorption.

Antibacterial zwitterionic hydrogel for flexible and wearable ultrafast-response strain sensors with low hysteresis

Zwitterionic hydrogels, with their unique antibacterial and tissue-adhesive nature, show great potential in the fields of wearable sensors, healthcare monitoring, and e-skins. However, it remains a huge challenge to integrate high elasticity and low hysteresis in such a hydrogel via simple methods. Herein, a novel tissue-adhesive zwitterionic hydrogel sensor was fabricated by a simple one-pot method using copolymerization of [2-(Methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide (SBMA), N-[Tris (hydroxymethyl)methyl] acrylamide (THMA), and acrylic acid (AA), which was crosslinked by polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE), a crosslinker famous for its low-toxicity and biocompatibility. The obtained SAT hydrogel shows robust elasticity with low hysteresis and fatigue resistance, which is essential for the long-term use. The introduction of THMA and PAA enhances the adhesive strength and reversible resilience of the hydrogel by interfacial hydrogen bonding, resulting in superior adhesion to skin without causing harm. The chemical crosslinker existing in SAT hydrogel enables it to withstand large deformations while maintaining stability. Besides the well-known antibacterial properties, the addition of SBMA enables the hydrogel to exhibit excellent electrical properties and a rapid response (19.5 ms) within a wide strain-sensing range, which facilitates accurate detection of various human body motions, such as joint bending, swallowing, and heartbeats. Moreover, the hydrogel demonstrates biocompatibility and excellent antibacterial activity, promising a safer and more comfortable experience for users.

Environmentally friendly separators based on cellulose diacetate-based crosslinked networks for lithium-ion batteries

Biomass fibers are recognized as degradable and renewable green natural polymer materials. However, research on biomass fiber-based lithium battery separators is still relatively limited. Here, a kind of cellulose diacetate-based composite separator for lithium batteries was investigated via electrostatic spinning technology. In this study, M-CDA/PEO/BM composite separators were obtained by modifying fiber-based nonwovens through deacetylation, followed by an infiltration process and thermal cross-linking reaction to introduce boehmite (BM) and polyethylene oxide (PEO). Wherein the infiltrating solution is composed of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE), polyetheramine (DPPG), and boehmite particles. The results demonstrate that this nanofibre composite separator exhibits good heat tolerance (no shrinkage at 200 °C), excellent wettability (contact angles only 15.1°), and high ionic conductivity (2.83 mS cm−1) in electrolytes. Additionally, the cells utilizing the composite separator exhibited superior cycle performance and better multiplier performance (170 mAh·g−1 at 0.5C) compared to the polypropylene separator that is currently available in the market, under identical circumstances. This renewable composite possesses remarkable properties that position it as a highly promising option for lithium-ion battery separators with exceptional performance.

Crosslinked PVA based polymer coatings with shear-thinning behaviour and ultralow hydrogen permeability to prevent hydrogen embrittlement

An economic transition from natural gas to a hydrogen economy will require redeployment of steel pipelines and other infrastructure. Mechanisms are urgently needed to prevent embrittlement of the steel in hydrogen service. In this work, we show that poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly (ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) crosslinked polymer materials can be used as internal coatings to dramatically reduce hydrogen permeation to the steel surface. Unlike other crosslinked PVA systems, these materials are shear-thinning and thixotropic, which is an essential requirement for facile, in situ application onto existing infrastructure. A hydrogen permeability of 0.01 Barrer is achieved, which is up to 100 times lower than commercially available coating materials. Experiments show that increasing concentrations of the alkali catalyst (KOH) do not impact the permeability of the crosslinked films but can benefit the rheology by shortening the reaction time. Higher reaction ratios of PVA to PEGDGE give lower hydrogen permeability due to a higher degree of polymer crystallinity, but less favorable rheology due to slower reaction kinetics. PVA with higher molecular weight gives lower hydrogen permeability and promotes shear-thinning behaviour, while PEGDGE with higher molecular weight increased the film permeability but enhances the shear-thinning behavior with shorter reaction times.

Developing Mixed Matrix Membranes with Good CO2 Separation Performance Based on PEG-Modified UiO-66 MOF and 6FDA-Durene Polyimide.

The use of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the separation of CO2 from flue gas has gained recognition as an effective strategy for enhancing gas separation efficiency. When incorporating porous materials like MOFs into a polymeric matrix to create MMMs, the combined characteristics of each constituent typically manifest. Nevertheless, the inadequate dispersion of an inorganic MOF filler within an organic polymer matrix can compromise the compatibility between the filler and matrix. In this context, the aspiration is to develop an MMM that not only exhibits optimal interfacial compatibility between the polymer and filler but also delivers superior gas separation performance, specifically in the efficient extraction of CO2 from flue gas. In this study, we introduce a modification technique involving the grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) onto a UiO-66-NH2 MOF filler (referred to as PEG-MOF), aimed at enhancing its compatibility with the 6FDA-durene matrix. Moreover, the inherent CO2-philic nature of PEGDE is anticipated to enhance the selectivity of CO2 over N2 and CH4. The resultant MMM, incorporating 10 wt% of PEG-MOF loading, exhibits a CO2 permeability of 1671.00 Barrer and a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 22.40. Notably, these values surpass the upper bound reported by Robeson in 2008.

Development of PLA/Lignin Bio-Composites Compatibilized by Ethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether and Poly (ethylene glycol) Diglycidyl Ether.

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a promising green substitute for conventional petroleum-based plastics in a variety of applications. However, the wide application of PLA is still limited by its disadvantages, such as slow crystallization rate, inadequate gas barrier, thermal degradation, etc. In this study, lignin (1, 3, 5 PHR) was incorporated into PLA to improve the thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of PLA. Two low-viscosity epoxy resins, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and poly (ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE), were used as compatibilizers to enhance the performance of the composites. The addition of lignin improved the onset degradation temperature of PLA by up to 15 °C, increased PLA crystallinity, improved PLA tensile strength by approximately 15%, and improved PLA oxygen barrier by up to 58.3%. The addition of EGDE and PEGDE both decreased the glass transition, crystallization, and melting temperatures of the PLA/lignin composites, suggesting their compatabilizing and plasticizing effects, which contributed to improved oxygen barrier properties of the PLA/lignin composites. The developed PLA/lignin composites with improved thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier properties can potentially be used for green packaging applications.

Preparation a highly sensitive and flexible textile supercapacitor based on lignin hydrogel and polyaniline@carbon cloth composites

The flexible textures are prominent candidates for wearable devices with energy storage and high sensitive sensor properties. This paper proposed a method for preparing a flexible textile supercapacitor with the displacement sensor property, which consisted of lignin hydrogel as the semi-solid electrolyte and polyaniline@carbon cloth as the flexible electrode. A series of lignin hydrogels with different cross-linking degrees, which were employed as the semi-solid electrolyte, were prepared by using kraft lignin and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as a crosslinking agent. It is shown that the compressive strength (0.196 MPa) and water retention capacity (92.9 %) of the lignin-based hydrogel could be greatly improved by adjusting the cross-linking degree of the hydrogel. Furthermore, the textile supercapacitor was assembled by using polyaniline@carbon cloth as the flexible electrode with lignin hydrogel. The electrochemical tests show that the hydrogel supercapacitor has good ionic conductivity and rate capability, maintaining a high capacitance (200.3 F·g−1) and coulomb efficiency after 6000 cycles. Meanwhile, it shows good sensitivity and stability in both pressure and bending sensing tests, and has the potential to become a new generation of flexible materials.

Fabrication of wood-inspired nanocellulose-based aerogels for efficient adsorption and filtration removal of Congo red

Nanocellulose aerogels have received considerable attention as environmentally friendly adsorption materials for dye wastewater treatment. However, it remains challenging to prepare nanocellulose aerogels with excellent mechanical properties, efficient and fast dye separation, and recyclability. Inspired by the wood structure, this study developed an anisotropic aerogel absorbent by modifying nanocellulose using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) and hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (HPEI), and subsequent directional freezing. The double physical-chemical cross-linked and oriented porous structure in the aerogel enhanced the mechanical properties, leading to high compressive strength and rapid resilience. The HPEI modification provided abundant adsorption sites for dye adsorption, and the directional pore structure shortened the flow path of the dye, resulting in a maximum adsorption capacity up to 3149.61 mg/g for Congo red solution at an initial concentration of 400 mg/L, which was considerably higher than the reported adsorption capacities of similar adsorbents. The anisotropic nanocellulose aerogel also exhibited excellent recyclability, maintaining a dye removal rate of 96.88% or higher after eight cycles. Furthermore, a continuous s separation device was designed based on the anisotropic nanocellulose aerogel and real-time purification of dye wastewater was achieved through filtration under gravity. Therefore, the nanocellulose aerogels developed in this study show great potential for efficient purification of textile printing and dyeing wastewater.

Ultrasensitive flexible strain sensors based on graphene nanoplatelets doped poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether: Mask breathing monitoring for the Internet of Things

Ultrasensitive and stretchable strain sensors based on graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) doped poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) for human motion monitoring purposes with remote tracking by using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are synthesized. The quasi–static and cycling responses under both tensile and compression conditions of nanocomposites are studied in detail. On one hand, quasi-static analysis shows very high values of the gauge factor, reaching values around 50–100 at low strain levels (1–2%) and 1000–2500 at high strain levels (10%) in tensile mode, with increasing sensitivity with decreasing GNP content. In addition, electromechanical response under 500 tensile and compression load cycles up to 1%, 2.5%, and 5% strain levels proves their high stability and as a result, their high sensitivity to detect a low degree of strain levels. Three general proofs–of–concept demonstrate that these sensors can detect several types of deformations such as pressure, bending, and twisting. Finally, human breathing is monitored with the sensor attached to a conventional mask. Different breath rhythms combining the calm and excited states of a person walking are remotely sent and monitored on the internet by using different IoT platforms.