Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Control Group Research Articles

Effects of different PCOS phenotypes on placental three-dimensional power Doppler indices and placental volume during the first trimester

IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes using first-trimester placental three-dimensional power Doppler indices and placental volume. MethodsIn this prospective case-control study, 170 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were divided into five groups according to PCOS phenotype: non-PCOS control (n = 34), PCOS phenotype A (n = 34), PCOS phenotype B (n = 34), PCOS phenotype C (n = 34), and PCOS phenotype D (n = 34). The primary outcomes determined in the present study were the differences in placental volume and placental flow index (FI), vascularization flow index (VFI), vascularization index (VI), and uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) betweenthe PCOS groups and control group. ResultsThe mean placental volume and VI were significantly decreased in the phenotype A, B, and C groups compared to the control group and PCOS phenotype D group. The mean FI and VFI were significantly decreased in the phenotype A and B groups compared to the control group and PCOS phenotype C and D groups. The mean testosterone, dehydroepiandrostenedione, sex-hormone binding globulin, free androgen index, and insulin resistance levels were significantly increased in the phenotype A, B, and C groups compared to the control group and PCOS phenotype D group. DiscusionThe results indicated that placental volume and placental vascular Doppler indices in the first trimester were more adversely affected in the PCOS A and B phenotypes than other PCOS phenotypes.

Spirulina versus metformin for controlling some insulin signaling pathway genes in induced polycystic ovary syndrome rat model

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinologic and gynecologic disorder that affects women of reproductive age; besides, insulin resistance (IR) occurs in 50–70 % of PCOS cases. Metformin (Met) is commonly prescribed for IR management; however, it does not affect IR with some gastrointestinal symptoms. Spirulina platensis (SP) is a blue-green alga that may increase insulin sensitivity. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate SP as an alternative treatment to Met for improving glucose homeostasis by assessing the expression of 11 crucial genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway. After induction of the PCOS model using dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (60 mg/kg bwt) for 30 consecutive days, rats were allocated into six groups. Relative liver weight, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) serum levels, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and insulin were determined. Furthermore, the gene expression of Ins1, Irs1, Pik3ca, Prkcz, Foxo1, Srebf1, Ppargc1a, Pklr, Gk, G6pc, and Pepck in the rat's liver tissue was determined using qRT-PCR. Treatment of the PCOS control group with Met or SP revealed a decrease in all these parameters compared with the PCOS model. Additionally, we found a statistically significant difference in the expression of both the Gk and Prkcz genes. To summarize our study results, SP or Met supplementation to PCOS rats had almost the same effect on assessed relative liver weight, GOT, GPT, and insulin levels compared with PCOS control rats. If further studies confirm and detect more impact of SP on IR in PCOS, SP could be used instead of Met since the latter causes many side effects.

Association of Plasma Metal Levels with Outcomes of Assisted Reproduction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

The objective of this study is to explore the correlation of metal levels with assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. The individuals were recruited who met the research criteria, only tubal factor or male infertility served as the control group (n = 40) and patient group was PCOS patients (n = 35). Individuals (n = 75) were divided into PCOS group (n = 35) and control group (n = 40). The normal body mass index (BMI) group (control) includes women with BMI < 25kg/m2 in PCOS group (n = 24) and control group (n = 33), and BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 in PCOS group (n = 11) and control group (n = 7). We performed an analysis of insulin resistance (IR) (n = 15) group and without insulin resistance (NIR) group (n = 20) in PCOS patient and control patients. Comparing difference demographic data, ART outcomes and the metal levels in every group respectively, the correlation of metal levels and ART outcomes in control participants and PCOS patients were analyzed by the Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression model was used to examine the association between the concentration of 19 metals and ART outcomes in PCOS group and control group. Plasma manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca)/Mg ratio, and Cu/zinc (Zn) ratio levels in PCOS patients were higher than that in control, while Zn and Ca levels were lower in PCOS patients than that in control. The Mg levels had a positive connection with the number of eggs recovered, and the iron (Fe) levels were positively associated with the number of transplanted embryos in PCOS-IR. In PCOS-NIR, Mn levels positively correlated with the number of follicles and the number of good embryos. Silver (Ag) levels were negatively correlated with the number of follicles, and aluminum (Al) levels were negatively related with the normal fertilization and the number of good embryos. The Spearman analysis in PCOS-BMI ≥ 25 group exhibited that nickel (Ni) levels were negatively associated with the number of follicles. The plasma metal levels seem to affect the clinical manifestations and in vitro fertilization outcomes in assisted reproduction.

The Effect of Four Weeks of Swimming Training on Insulin Resistance and Hepatokines in Rats with PCOS

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women. Several factors are thought to be affected by exercise, including insulin resistance (IR), FGF-21, and PNPLA3. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of swimming training on IR, FGF-21, and PNPLA-3 gene expression in the liver of rats with PCOS. Methods: A total of 24 adult female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Healthy control group, PCOS control group, healthy exercise group, and PCOS exercise group. Submaximal endurance swimming training was performed using different water flow rates from seven to 15 liters/minute for four weeks, five days per week for 60 minutes. The IR level and expression of FGF-21 and PNPLA3 genes were measured from the liver tissue. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 25) and one-way ANOVA (P &lt; 0.05). Results: Based on the results, a significant difference in the amount of IR (P = 0.001), gene expression of FGF-21 (P = 0.001), and PNPLA-3 (P = 0.001) after four weeks of swimming training was decreased. Conclusions: Four weeks of swimming training improves the metabolic pathway and positively affects patients with PCOS.

Anti-Müllerian hormone and HOMA-IR in different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome on insulin resistance

Aims: To examine the link between serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).&#x0D; Methods: This retrospective study included 120 patients aged 18-30 who visited our polyclinics between June 2021 and December 2022. Patients were divided into four groups based on the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS phenotypes. A control group of 24 individuals was also included. Clinical data, hormonal profiles, and metabolic parameters were obtained from medical records.&#x0D; Results: There were significant differences in AMH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels among the PCOS phenotypes and control group. AMH levels were highest in phenotype 1 (oligo/anovulation + hyperandrogenism + polycystic ovaries) and lowest in the control group. FSH were highest in phenotype 4 (oligo/anovulation + polycystic ovaries) and lowest in the control group. LH were highest in phenotype 2 (oligo/anovulation + hyperandrogenism). HOMA-IR was highest in phenotype 1. However, there were no significant differences in AMH or HOMA-IR levels among the PCOS phenotypes.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study found hormone level differences among PCOS phenotypes but no significant differences in AMH or HOMA-IR. This suggests AMH may not distinguish between phenotypes and insulin resistance may not differ significantly among phenotypes.

P-641 Clinical significance of differential expression of miRNA642-a/miRNA5739/miRNA3648 in the follicular microenvironment in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract Study question What is the relationship between differential expression of miRNA in the follicular microenvironment,follicular fluid hormone and oocyte quality in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Summary answer In PCOS patients, differential expression of miRNA in the follicular microenvironment is associated with abnormal hormone levels in the follicular fluid and oocyte quality. What is known already PCOS has abnormalities in local ovarian morphology and function, and studies have shown that the expression of local miRNA in the ovaries will be accompanied by dynamic changes in follicular recruitment, oocyte growth, follicular microenvironment changes, etc., which may affect the quality of oocytes. Study design, size, duration 19 patients with PCOS (PCOS group) and 17 patients with infertility due to male factors alone (control group) aged 22-35 years was included in the study. The main results included differential expression of miRNA642-a/miRNA5739/miRNA3648, MII egg rate, high-quality embryo rate, testosterone and insulin levels in follicular fluid. Participants/materials, setting, methods From April 2017 to January 2019, 19 PCOS patients (PCOS group) and 17 patients (control group) who underwent Intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer at the Reproductive Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were collected. RT-PCR was used to detect the differential expression levels of miRNA642-a/miRNA5739/miRNA3648 in follicular fluid and granule cells in PCOS group and control group, and Chemiluminescence was used to detect follicular fluid T and insulin levels. Main results and the role of chance The levels of testosterone and insulin in follicular fluid in PCOS group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The MII egg rate and optimal embryo rate in the PCOS group were both lower than those in the control group, and the difference was significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The expression level of miR-642a-3p in follicular fluid and granule cells was consistent, and the PCOS group was lower than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The expression levels of miRNA-5739 and miRNA-3648 in follicular fluid were higher than those in the control group, but the expression levels in granule cells were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of miRNA-3648 and miRNA-5739 in follicular fluid were closely related to the normal fertilization rate of PCOS patients, and the expression levels of miRNA-5739 were closely related to the optimal embryo rate of PCOS patients. The expression levels of miRNA-642a-3p, miRNA-5739 and miRNA-3648 in granule cells were closely related to the MII egg rate and 2PN cleavage rate of PCOS patients. Limitations, reasons for caution MiRNAs participate in follicle development and maturation and hormone secretion through multiple signaling pathways. We only examined miRNA-642a-3p, miRNA-5739, miRNA-3648 in follicular fluid and granule cells, and did not detect the exosomal miRNAs. Dynamic changes in miRNA in the follicular microenvironment are not fully revealed. Wider implications of the findings Our results further demonstrate that the abnormal expression of miRNA in follicular fluid and granule cells in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is closely related to the local abnormal hormone secretion and follicle development of PCOS ovaries. Trial registration number not applicable

Integrated fecal microbiota and metabolomics analysis of the orlistat intervention effect on polycystic ovary syndrome rats induced by letrozole combined with a high-fat diet

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the characteristics of the gut microbiota and their metabolite profiles between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and orlistat-treated PCOS rats (ORL-PCOS), which could help to better understand the underlying mechanism of the effect of orlistat on PCOS.MethodsPCOS rat models were established using letrozole combined with a high-fat diet. Ten rats were randomly selected as a PCOS control group (PCOS). The other three groups (n = 10/group) were additionally supplemented with different doses of orlistat (low, medium, high). Then, fecal samples of the PCOS and ORL-PCOS groups were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Blood samples were collected to detect serum sex hormones and lipids.ResultsThe results showed that orlistat attenuated the body weight gain, decreased the levels of T, LH, the LH/FSH ratio, TC, TG and LDL-C; increased the level of E2; and improved estrous cycle disorder in PCOS rats. The bacterial richness and diversity of the gut microbiota in the ORL-PCOS group were higher than those in the PCOS group. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was decreased with orlistat treatment. Moreover, orlistat treatment led to a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae, and increases in the abundances of Muribaculaceae and Bacteroidaceae. Metabolic analysis identified 216 differential fecal metabolites in total and 6 enriched KEGG pathways between the two groups, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and vitamin digestion and absorption. Steroid hormone biosynthesis was the pathway with the most significant enrichment. The correlations between the gut microbiota and differential metabolites were calculated, which may provide a basis for understanding the composition and function of microbial communities.ConclusionsOur data suggested that orlistat exerts a PCOS treatment effect, which may be mediated by modifying the structure and composition of the gut microbiota, as well as the metabolite profiles of PCOS rats.

Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (rs1484215 and rs6495096) in CYP11A1 Gene in Iranian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Genetic factors are significantly have important role in the etiology of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study examined the possible relation of rs1484215 and rs6495096 polymorphisms of CYP11A1 gene in Iranian women with PCOS. The population of the case-control research included 100 women presenting with PCOS and 100 women as a control group who were referred to Infertility Center in Qom, Iran. The genotypes of rs1484215 and rs6495096 polymorphisms in CYP11A1 gene were detected with the tetra-ARMS PCR method. The independent segregation of alleles was tested for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Differences in quantitative traits were assessed between each group with a single PCOS feature and control group using Mann-Whitney U test for categorical variables and student's t-test for continuous variables. Statistical analysis of allele and genotype frequencies between women with PCOS and control was performed using the chi-square test. Significance level was defined as p<0.05. There was a significant association of C with G alleles in rs6495096 polymorphism and susceptibility to PCOS (p=0.001), but no significant relation was found between C and T alleles in rs1484215 polymorphism and susceptibility to PCOS. Also, GG genotype of rs6495096 was significantly associated with the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and infertility duration compared to CG and CC (p<0.01). However, rs1484215 showed no association with these variables. The results from the research indicated that rs6495096 polymorphism of CYP11A1 gene is related to the PCOS risk in Iranians women.

Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera Leaves on TNF-α Expression, Insulin Levels, Glucose Levels and Follicle Count in Rattus norvegicus PCOS Model

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a syndrome characterized by ovulation disorders accompanied by hyperandrogens. Women with PCOS are prone to develop insulin resistance which has metabolic characteristics similar to type 2 diabetes and leads to disturbance of follicular formation. PCOS is also known to increase the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, namely TNF-α. Moringa oleifera leaves have been shown to have compounds that can reduce insulin levels and glucose levels in diabetes mellitus and should be able to reduce TNF-α and follicle count.PurposeThis study aims to prove the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera leaf in reducing insulin, glucose levels, TNF-α and follicle count in PCOS.MethodsThe three-month-old white rats Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) 150–170 grams were divided into four groups (n = 10), namely normal rats, PCOS model rats, PCOS model rats given metformin, and PCOS rats given 500mg of Moringa oleifera. The method of this study is taking PCOS model rats by injecting the 100mg/kg BW hormone testosterone propionate for 21 days. After 21 days of therapy, we analyzed insulin, glucose levels, TNF-α and follicle count.ResultsThe PCOS control group showed an increase in insulin level, glucose levels, TNF-α expression, and a decrease in the follicle count compared to the normal control group. The insulin level, glucose level, TNF-α and follicle count in the Moringa oleifera 500 mg/kg BW treatment group were significantly lower than in the PCOS control group.ConclusionMoringa oleifera leaves have the potential in reducing insulin levels, blood glucose levels, TNF-α and follicle count in PCOS patients.

The level distribution of serum AMH in different clinical manifestations of women of childbearing age

To investigate the distribution and diagnostic value of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in healthy women of childbearing age, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian dysfunction (DOR) and premature ovarian failure (POF). This study retrospectively selected female patients of childbearing age who were treated in the affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January to December 2019. According to different clinical manifestations, they were divided into 133 cases in PCOS group, 120 cases in DOR group and 134 cases in POF group. 125 healthy women in the same period were selected as the control group. The values of serum AMH, estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) were measured in the four groups. Single sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression analysis and ROC curve were used for comparative analysis. The serum AMH levels of PCOS group, DOR group, POF group and control group were 9.10 (6.67, 11.49) ng/ml, 0.11 (0.05, 0.29) ng/ml, 0.03 (0.02, 0.06) ng/ml and 2.99 (1.57, 4.98) ng/ml, respectively [M(Q1,Q3)], the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). The basal endocrine levels including E2, FSH, LH and T also had significant differences between groups (P<0.001). The results of multiple comparisons showed that there were significant differences in AMH and LH between DOR, POF and PCOS groups and the control group. The T level of PCOS group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the E2, LH and T levels of DOR group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and the FSH level of POF group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of AMH and AMH+LH in the diagnosis of PCOS were 0.905 and 0.922, the sensitivity was 82.7% and 85.0%, and the specificity was 88.0% and 88.8%. The AUC of DOR was 0.861 and 0.971, the sensitivity was 89.0% and 92.5%, and the specificity was 63.0% and 92.0%. The AUC of POF was 0.950 and 0.998, the sensitivity was 98.3% and 99.2%, and the specificity was 75.9% and 97.0%, respectively. The AUC of AMH and AMH+LH combined indexes in the differential diagnosis of DOR and POF were 0.768 and 0.937, the sensitivity was 70.3% and 95.5%, and the specificity was 73.9% and 80.8%.

Histomorphometric and biochemical activities of bioactive component of Cyperus esculentus tubers extract on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome and cholesterol homeostasis in female Sprague-Dawley rats

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine and metabolic disorder, causes irregular menstrual cycles, dyslipidemia, excessive body weight, oxidative stress, hyperandrogenism, and infertility. This study focused on the impact of Cyperus esculentus (CES) on letrozole-induced PCOS in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty (20) normal rats and twenty (20) PCOS rats (150–200 g, 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups of ten ( n = 10) rats each. Group A served as normal control group received 2 mL of normal saline, group B treated with 500 mg/kg body weight of CES , group C PCOS control group received 2 mL of normal saline, and group D PCOS rats post-treated with 500 mg/kg body weight of CES daily through gastric gavage for 30 days. Estrus cyclicity, body and ovaries weights, biochemical and histological parameters were measured. Observed irregular estrus cyclicity and multiple cysts in PCOS rats, increase glycemia, ovarian weight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde, luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estradiol, progesterone, catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase levels, compared with control. The intervention of CES ameliorated and restored the estrus cyclicity reproductive hormone, biochemical, and structural alterations. Moreover, CES significantly decreased cystic follicles, LH, and testosterone levels, but increased estradiol concentration. This plant may be beneficial in the management and treatment of PCOS-related reproductive and metabolic disorders.

Lipidomics analysis of human follicular fluid form normal-weight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study

BackgroundThe polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine associated with insulin resistance, even in the absence of overweight. The global lipid profile of the follicular fluid in PCOS with normal weight as yet has not been investigated. The objection of this pilot study was to explore the changes of lipids in the follicular fluid of PCOS with normal weight.MethodsFollicular fluid samples were collected from patients who underwent IVF, including normal-weight women without PCOS (control group, n = 10) and normal-weight women with PCOS (PCOS group, n = 8). A lipidomic analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Multidimensional statistical analysis was performed to disclose the global differences between the two groups. Further, differential lipid analysis between the two groups was performed by Fold Change Analysis (FC Analysis) and T-test to screen potential markers.ResultsAll 812 species of 32 subclasses of lipids were identified by lipidomics analysis. 108 kinds of lipids were considered as the potential candidate differential metabolites with the score of variable importance in the project (VIP) more than 1 by the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. 32 lipids were significantly different between the PCOS group and the control group simultaneously with FC > 1.5 or FC < 0.67, p-value < 0.05 and VIP value > 1. These differential species of lipid belong to lipid subclasses including triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylinositols (PI).ConclusionThe identified differential lipids in the follicular fluid may be considered as candidate biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets of PCOS with normal-weight.

Analyzing the biochemical, clinical, and hormonal characteristics of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

To analyze the biochemical, clinical, and hormonal characteristics of patients with four phenotypes of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of 225 patients admitted to Medistate Kavacık Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics outpatient clinic and Giresun University Faculty of Medicine Gynecology and Obstetrics clinic between January 2019 and January 2020 diagnosed as PCOS and healthy controls were included in the study. The revised Rotterdam criteria were applied to diagnose PCOS. The patients with PCOS were divided into Type I classic, Type II classic, Ovulatory and Normoandrogenic PCOS. Biochemical, clinical, and hormonal values were compared. The mean age of the participants is 28 (±5.7) and the mean body mass index (BMI) is 26.15 (±5.36). The mean Ferriman Gallwey Score (FGS) is 7.4(±5.4), which is normal. There is a statistically significant difference between the four PCOS groups and control group in terms of age (p-value=0.000), BMI (p- value=0.000), Luteinizing hormone / Follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) (p-value=0.000), and fasting blood sugar (p-value=0.01). There is a statistically significant difference among the four phenotypes in terms of BMI (p-value =0.002), LH/FSH (p-value =0.000), LH (p-value =0.000), free T4 (p-value =0.01), fasting insulin (p-value =0.001), total testosterone (p-value =0.000), FGS (p-value =0.000), etc. Age, BMI, LH/FSH, FSH, LH, fasting blood sugar, and hirsutism are good predictors of PCOS.

Effect of Green Tea extract (Camellia sinensis) on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Induced by Letrozole in Adult Female Wistar Rats

Green tea (Camellia sinensis), has always been a focus of interest in traditional medicine for its biochemical and medicinal properties as an antioxidant agent. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy among women of reproductive age. In the present study, the effects of green tea extract on letrozole-induced PCOS were evaluated. 48 adult female Wistar rats were assigned to eight groups in random: healthy control group (no treatment), PCOS control group (letrozole at 1 mg/kg by gavage), three healthy experimental groups (green tea extract at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight by gavage), and three experimental PCOS groups (green tea extract at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight + letrozole at 1 mg/kg by gavage). On the 28th day (at the end of the experiment), the rats were euthanized, and the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and lipid peroxidation were assessed in the ovarian tissue homogenates. The results indicated that the green tea extract significantly increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation significantly (p<0.001). Our results showed that the green tea extract was also effective in treating letrozole-induced PCOS in the rats by increasing the activities of the antioxidant enzymes.

Urinary bisphenol A in women with polycystic ovary syndrome- a possible suppressive effect on steroidogenesis?

There is a growing evidence indicating an impact of endocrine distrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) on human reproduction. Its higher levels in serum or urine have been documented in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), however the relationship to ovarian steroidogenesis remains unclear. Aim of the study was to compare urinary BPA (U-BPA) concentrations among PCOS women and control group. Second aim was to assess the relationship of U-BPA to ovarian steroidogenesis in the group with PCOS. Eighty six Caucasian women (age 28.5±5.1 years) diagnosed with PCOS and 32 controls of age 24.9±4.4 years were included in the study. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters and steroid hormones. U-BPA was measured in the morning urine sample using high pressure liquid chromatography. PCOS women had significantly higher U-BPA as compared with control group (p=0.0001). Those with high levels of U-BPA (U-BPA ≥2.14 ug/g creatinine) demonstrated higher serum insulin (p=0.029) and HOMA IR (p=0.037), lower serum estrone (p=0.05), estradiol (p=0.0126), FSH (p=0.0056), and FAI (p=0.0088), as compared with low-BPA group (U- BPA <2.14ug/g creatinine). In PCOS women, U-BPA positively correlated with age (p=0.0026; R2=0.17), negatively with estradiol (p=0.0001, R2=0.5), testosterone (p=0.0078, R2=0.15), free-testosterone (p=0.0094, R2=0.12) and FAI (p=0.0003, R2=0.32), respectively. PCOS women have significantly higher U-BPA concentrations than healthy controls. U-BPA positively correlates with age and negatively with ovarian steroid hormones suggesting a possible suppressive effect of bisphenol A on ovarian steroidogenesis.

Depression, anxiety and self-esteem in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective of the study was to evaluate the depression, anxiety and perceived stress level in adolescent girls with diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as well as to assess their body and self-esteem and its impact on emotional status. In 27 adolescent girls with confirmed diagnosis of PCOS (study group) as well as 27 healthy, regularly menstruating, age and BMI matched girls (control group) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Body-Esteem Scale (BES) containing three subscales (sexual attractiveness, weight concern, physical condition) were performed. There were no significant differences between PCOS group and control group in depression and PSS-10 scores, but the anxiety score was significantly higher in control than in PCOS group (9.6 ± 3.0 vs 7.3 ± 3.9, p = 0.02). Moreover, in BES subscales' scores there were no significant differences between the groups, whereas RSES score was significantly higher in PCOS group (25.0 ± 7.1 vs 28.3 ± 4.6, p = 0.04). In PCOS group anxiety score was related to PSS-10 score (r = 0.56, p = 0.005). Moreover, we found that obesity was negatively related to anxiety (rƴ = -0.4, p = 0.04), depression (rƴ = -0.48, p = 0.02), PSS-10 (rƴ = -0.59, p = 0.004) and physical condition scores (rƴ = -0.44, p = 0.04). In girls with PCOS the more severe depression the worse weight control (rƴ = -0.56, p = 0.04). We conclude that in adolescent girls PCOS is not related to anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as poor self-esteem.

Fetal growth, fetal development, and placental features in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: analysis based on fetal and placental magnetic resonance imaging.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine-metabolic dysfunction in reproductive-aged women, may be involved in compromised pregnancy and offspring outcomes. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal PCOS affects fetal growth, fetal development, and placental features. This retrospective case-control study included 60 pregnant women with PCOS (PCOS group) and 120 healthy pregnant women without PCOS (control group). Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed followed by an ultrasound examination and indications for imaging, including known or suspected fetal pathology, history of fetal abnormality in previous pregnancy or in a family member, and concern for placenta accreta. Fetal MRI images were analyzed for head circumference (HC), abdomen circumference (AC), lung-to-liver signal intensity ratio (LLSIR, a prenatal marker of fetal lung maturity), lengths of liver and kidney diameters in fetuses, and placental relative signal intensity on T2-weighted single-shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) imaging (rSISSFSE), and placental relative apparent diffusion coefficient value (rADC). Data on height and weight of offspring were collected through telephone follow-up. Compared to the control group, the PCOS group showed the following characteristics: (1) smaller biparietal diameter and femur length in fetuses (P=0.026 and P=0.005, respectively), (2) smaller HC in fetuses (evident after 32 weeks; P=0.044), (3) lower LLSIR and smaller dorsoventral length of liver in fetuses (evident before 32 weeks; P=0.005 and P=0.019, respectively), and (4) smaller placental thickness (evident before 32 weeks; P=0.017). No significant differences in placental rSISSFSE or rADC were observed between the groups (all P>0.05). No significant differences in height and weight of offspring during childhood existed between the groups (all P>0.05). There exist alterations of fetal growth, fetal development, and placental features from women with PCOS.

THE EFFECT OF Moringa oleifera LEAF EXTRACT ON THECA CELL IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME MODEL WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE

The use of Moringa oleifera as an anti-oxidant should be investigated as an alternative treatment of follicular refinement in Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with insulin resistance. We aimed to prove the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in various dosages to decrease the thecacell thickness of PCOS female rat with insulin resistance. This study was a laboratory experimental research. Three month old Rattus norvegicusstrain Wistar rat weighing 100-130 g were divided into 5 groups (n= 8). PCOS model obtained by giving injection of testosterone propionate for28 days, followed by metformin therapy and Moringa oleifera leaf extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg BW for 14 days. The examination of ovariumhistology showed that leaf extract Moringa oleifera 500 mg/kg BW (0.931±0.457) significantly decreased the thickness of theca cells (P0.05)compared to the PCOS control group. The conclusion was Moringa oleifera leaf extract as an anti-oxidant proven to decrease the thickness oftheca cell of the female rat model of PCOS.

Effects Of Aerobic Exercise On Leptin, Sex Hormone In Rats With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of aerobic exercise in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: 32 23-day-old SD female rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups, i.e. normal control group (NC, n=8), exercise control group (EC, n=8), PCOS control group (PC, n=8) and PCOS exercise group (PE, n=8). PC group and PE group were modeled by injecting DHEA. EC group and PE group simultaneously implemented Masashi exercise intervention (unloaded free swimming, 20 min/time, 6 d/week for 15 d). Measure the serum testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and leptin (LP) of rats by ELISA. Observe ovarian histological changes through the hematoxylin-eosin stain, the P450arom expression (optical density, OD) in ovarian by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: There were obvious cystic dilated follicles in the ovarian tissue of the PC group, and compared with the, there are many normal follicles in the ovary of the PE group. The PC group exhibited a higher serum level of FSH, T, E2 and the P450arom expression in ovarian than NC group (P < 0.05). Compare with the PC group, the serum level of LP, T, E2 were decreased in the PE group (P < 0.05). However, compared with the NC group, the EC group showed no difference in the serum level of FSH, T, E2, and the P450arom expression in ovarian (P > 0.05). Besides, the PE and PC group showed no difference in the serum level of FSH and the P450arom expression in ovarian (P > 0.05). The serum LP level in rats was positively correlated with T (r=0.893), E2 (r=0.612), FSH (r=0.620) level and the P450arom expression(r=0.501) in ovarian. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise can reduce the LP levels of PCOS rats, relieve leptin resistance, alleviate high estrogen blood disease and abnormal P450arom expression in ovarian, but cannot eliminate the sex hormone disorder. The Changes of T, FSH, E2, LP, And OD among 4 groups(x ̅±SD)

Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the vaginal microbiome: A case-control study.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. Some evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota could be associated with PCOS clinical parameters, but little is known for the association between vaginal microbiome and PCOS. To determine differences in the vaginal microbiome between women with PCOS and healthy control women. In this case-control study, the women with newly diagnosed PCOS (n=39) and healthy controls (n=40) were included from the hospital and maternal and child health centre, respectively. The vaginal swabs were collected, and microbiome structures were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The screening values for potential bacteria biomarker for PCOS were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method. There was significant difference in vaginal bacterial structures between PCOS and healthy control women. The vaginal bacterial species in the PCOS group were more diverse than the control group (Simpson index for PCOS group vs. control group: median 0.49 vs. 0.80, P=.008; Shannon index: median 1.07 vs. 0.44, P=.003; Chao1 index: median 85.12 vs. 66.13, P<.001). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus in the PCOS group was significantly lower than controls (P=.001), and the relative abundance of Mycoplasma and Prevotella was higher than controls (P<.001, P=.002, respectively). The Mycoplasma genus could be a potential biomarker for PCOS screening, as ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the relative abundance of Mycoplasma was 0.958 (95% CI: 0.901-0.999). Subgroup analyses also showed these associations would not change among the women with the same BMI level and vagina cleanliness grading. In the vaginal microbiome, the Mycoplasma genus was associated with PCOS. Further research is required to explore causal correlations between PCOS and the vaginal microbiome.