Polyarylene Ether Nitriles Matrix Research Articles

Controlled Distribution of MXene on the Pore Walls of Polyarylene Ether Nitrile Porous Films for Absorption-Dominated Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials.

With the increasing application of electronic devices, absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference shielding materials (EMISM) have garnered significant attention for preventing secondary electromagnetic pollution. In this study, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified MXene (PEI@MXene) is fabricated and achieved its controlled distribution on the pore walls of polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) porous films via the phase inversion method (PIM) to obtain a closed porous skeleton of MXene on the pore walls (CPS-MPW). The resulting PEI@MXene/PEN composite film (CFx) exhibited absorption-dominated EMIS efficiency (EMISE). Attributing to the strong interaction between PEI and the hydrophilic segment of amphiphilic Pluronic F127, with its hydrophobic segment anchored by the PEN matrix, PEI@MXene is directionally distributed on the pore walls of CFx. In addition, resulting from the cladding of MXene with PEI and isolating it with closed honeycomb pores, the obtained CFx are insulators without forming aconductive network. As a result, these CFx demonstrate absorption-dominated EMISE with the highest SET of 41.2 dB and coefficient A higher than 0.51. Further continuous hot pressing of CFx results in thinner and denser films with an impressive specific EMISE up to 750 dBcm-1. The successful fabrication of these CPS-MPW-type CFx with absorption-dominated EMISE provides a reference for developing and preparing novel EMISM.

Improving energy storage properties of polyarylene ether nitrile with coral-like CaCu3Ti4O12 nanorods

Film capacitors have attracted widespread attention in the field of power electronics due to their advantages of long service life, high-power density, rapid charging and discharging rates, operational safety, among others. Nonetheless, the persisting challenge regarding the dielectric capacitors’ insufficient energy storage density remains the primary obstacle impeding their advancement. Herein, one-dimensional (1D) coral-like calcium copper titanate (CaCu3Ti4O12) nanorod (CCTONR) is fabricated and interface modified to enhance energy storage properties of polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN). The CCTONR is fabricated through a two-step hydrothermal reaction followed by calcination, and then modified by KH550 and sulphonated PEN sequentially offering SPEN@CCTONR. Due to the 1D nature and the functionalization of SPEN on the surface of CCTONR, the compatibility and the distribution state of SPEN@CCTONR in the PEN matrix are conspicuously improved. Furthermore, a secondary dispersion of SPEN@CCTONR is achieved in the SPEN@CCTONR/PEN composite via uniaxial hot-stretching. As a result, the dielectric permittivity is increased to 17.96, while the breakdown strength remains 199.4 kV/mm for the stretched SPEN@CCTONR/PEN film with filler content of 15 wt%. Correspondingly, an energy storage density of 3.16 J/cm3, with an boosting of 320 % in comparing with that of PEN, is achieved. This stretched SPEN@CCTONR/PEN film with leaped energy storage density would be a promising candidate for future flexible dielectric materials.

Core-shell structure polydopamine and polyethylenimine co-assisted MoS2-BaTiO3/polyarylene ether nitrile nanocomposites for high-temperature resistant organic dielectrics

In this work, a novel nanoparticle ((MoS2-BT)@(PDA+PEI)) was constructed through two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and zero-dimensional barium titanate (BT) via in-situ polymerization and co-modification of polydopamine (PDA) and polyethylenimine (PEI). Then the nanofillers were dispersed in the Polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) matrix by film casting to obtain PEN/(MoS2-BT)@(PDA+PEI) nanocomposite dielectric films. Subsequently, the latter were subjected to chemical crosslinking at high temperature to obtain CPEN/(MoS2-BT)@(PDA+PEI) nanocomposites. The effects of filler content on the properties of PEN matrix composite films were investigated. The results indicate excellent compatibility between (MoS2-BT)@(PDA+PEI) and the PEN matrix due to the introduction of an organic modification layer, resulting in overall good performance of nanocomposite films, including good thermal stability with a glass transition temperature (Tg) exceeding 240 °C after chemical crosslinking. The dielectric constant of CPEN nanocomposites containing 40wt% of the hybrid nanoparticles is 20.2 and the dielectric loss is 0.032 at 1kHz, the dielectric constant-temperature coefficient of all CPEN nanocomposites is less than 6×10-4 °C-1 at the temperature range of 25-220 °C. In short, the incorporation of (MoS2-BT)@(PDA+PEI) effectively enhances the thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of PEN-based nanocomposites.

Polyarylene ether nitrile dielectric films modified by HNTs@PDA hybrids for high-temperature resistant organic electronics field

Abstract In this work, mussel-inspired surface functionalization of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were coated by in situ self-polymerization of polydopamine (PDA) to synthesize core-shell structural composites (HNTs@PDA), and then incorporated into polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) matrix. Due to the strong adhesion of the PDA modification layer and the formation of hydrogen bonds between the polar nitrile group of PEN and the catechol group of PDA, the dispersion and interfacial compatibility of HNTs@PDA in the PEN matrix are improved. The results show that the dielectric constant of PEN/HNTs@PDA 20 nanocomposites reaches 11.56 (1 kHz), which is 3.2 times that of pure PEN. In addition, after heat treatment, a chemical cross-linking reaction occurred between the PEN matrix to form a cross-linked PEN (CPEN) based nanocomposites, which further improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The results show that the T g of CPEN/HNTs@PDA 20 nanocomposites reaches 215.5°C, which is 47.7°C higher than that of PEN/HNTs@PDA 20. Moreover, the dielectric constant-temperature coefficient of all CPEN nanocomposites is less than 7 × 10−4°C−1 at the temperature range of 25–180°C. All in all, this work provides a simple and environmentally friendly strategy to adjust the dielectric properties of polymer-based ceramic nanocomposites, which provides a pathway for its application as a dielectric material in the film capacitors field.

Metal-organic frameworks mediated interface engineering of polymer nanocomposites for enhanced dielectric constant and low dielectric loss

Interface modulation is a key issue for the incorporation of inorganic nanofillers into polymeric matrixes, especially in the applications of dielectric materials. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with special organic and inorganic characteristics represent enormous potential in the interface engineering of polymer-based nanocomposites with desirable dielectric performance. Herein, we report a novel strategy to synthesize graphene oxide nanosheets with UiO-66-NH2 MOF decoration (G@M) using an in-situ and ex-situ method, which are utilized as the nanofillers in the super-engineering polymeric matrix namely polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN). In-situ MOF decoration improves the compatibility between graphene oxide and PEN matrix, and the resulting G@M/PEN nanocomposite shows an enhanced dielectric constant of 7.94 and an ultra-low dielectric loss of 0.014 (1000 Hz) at a low filling content (4 wt%) with outstanding tensile strength (106 MPa) and high glass transition temperature (208°C). Besides, owing to the in-situ interface tailoring, the G@M/PEN nanocomposite exhibits a much higher energy storage capability, about 107% higher than that of conventional graphene oxide-incorporated nanocomposite. This research provides new insight into the interface design of polymer-based nanocomposites for dielectric applications.

Dielectric properties of polyarylene ether nitrile composites based on modified boron nitride

Polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) is a new type of super engineering polymer with excellent high-temperature resistance, radiation resistance, good electrical insulation, and mechanical properties. In this work, boron nitride (BN) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) hybrids were integrated as fillers, which were further dispersed into PEN matrix by solution casting method to obtain a series of PEN composite films. The successful preparation of hybrid fillers was proved by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The test results of the dielectric properties of the composite films show that the CuPc-BN/PEN films exhibit good dielectric properties. When the mass fraction of filler reaches 10 wt%, the dielectric constant of the PEN composite film increases by 17%. This study shows that the composites composed of modified BN and PEN has excellent dielectric properties and has great application potential in heat-resistance thin-film capacitors.

Enhancing dielectric and mechanical properties of poly(arylene ether nitrile) based composites by introducing low content “core-shell” like structured MXene&PDA@ BaTiO3

Polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) based composites combined MXene, Polydopamine (PDA) and barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) with “core-shell”-like structure were developed successfully in this work, and then incorporating into the PEN matrix to form the PEN/MXene&PDA@BT nanocomposite films through the solution casting method. The novel MXene&PDA@BT nanoparticles were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then the structure and properties of the obtained PEN/MXene&PDA@BT nanocomposites are studied in detail. The results show that the modification of PDA improved the dispersibility of MXene nanosheets and BT nanoparticles in the PEN matrix, resulting in the enhancement of mechanical and dielectric properties. The research results reveal that when the content of MXene&PDA@BT is 1%, the tensile strength and modulus reached 114.15 MPa and 3015.74 MPa, respectively. Most important, the PEN based nanocomposites exhibit the outstanding frequency in dependent dielectric properties, including high dielectric constant (5.08 at 1 kHz) and low dielectric loss (0.0178 at 1 kHz). These results indicate that the PEN/MXene&PDA@BT composite films are greatly significant for using as the constructing high performance dielectric materials.

Achieving Secondary Dispersion of Modified Nanoparticles by Hot-Stretching to Enhance Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of Polyarylene Ether Nitrile Composites

Enhanced dielectric and mechanical properties of polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) are obtained through secondary dispersion of polyaniline functionalized barium titanate (PANI-f-BT) by hot-stretching. PANI-f-BT nanoparticles with different PANI content are successfully prepared via in-situ aniline polymerization technology. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic instrument (XPS) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results confirm that the PANI layers uniformly enclose on the surface of BaTiO3 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are used as functional fillers to compound with PEN (PEN/PANI-f-BT) for studying its effect on the mechanical and dielectric performance of the obtained composites. In addition, the nanocomposites are uniaxial hot-stretched by 50% and 100% at 280 °C to obtain the oriented nanocomposite films. The results exhibit that the PANI-f-BT nanoparticles present good compatibility and dispersion in the PEN matrix, and the hot-stretching endows the second dispersion of PANI-f-BT in PEN resulting in enhanced mechanical properties, crystallinity and permittivity-temperature stability of the nanocomposites. The excellent performances of the nanocomposites indicate that a new approach for preparing high-temperature-resistant dielectric films is provided.

Polyarylene Ether Nitrile and Barium Titanate Nanocomposite Plasticized by Carboxylated Zinc Phthalocyanine Buffer.

Barium titanate (BT) and polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric properties were obtained by using carboxylatedzinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc-COOH) buffer as the plasticizer. Carboxylated zinc phthalocyanine, prepared through hydrolyzing ZnPc in NaOH solution, reacted with the hydroxyl groups on the peripheral of hydrogen peroxide treated BT (BT-OH) yielding core-shell structured BT@ZnPc. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), TEM energy dispersive spectrometer mapping, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated successful preparation of BT@ZnPc. The fabricated BT@ZnPc was incorporated into the PEN matrix through the solution casting method. Rheological measurements demonstrated that the ZnPc-COOH buffer can improve the compatibility between BT and PEN effectively. With the existence of the ZnPc-COOH buffer, the prepared BT@ZnPc/PEN nanocomposites exhibit a high dielectric constant of 5.94 and low dielectric loss (0.016 at 1000 Hz). BT@ZnPc/PEN dielectric composite films can be easily prepared, presenting great application prospects in the field of organic film capacitors.

Mechanical, dielectric, and thermal properties of polyarylene ether nitrile and boron nitride nanosheets composites

The thermal conductivity of polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) is effectively improved by the incorporation of boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS). BNNS is obtained via sonication exfoliation of commercial available hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) microplatelets in N‐methylpyrrolidone solvent. The BNNS, which is in 1–3 layers, is characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy measurement, Transmission electron microscopy observation and Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrum. The BNNS is incorporated into the PEN matrix to fabricate BNNS/PEN nanocomposites by using the solution‐casting method. The micromorphologies, thermal, mechanical, dielectric, and thermal conductivity properties of the obtained BNNS/PEN nanocomposites are investigated in detail. Scanning electron microscopy observation shows that the BNNS is homogeneously dispersed in the PEN matrix. The obtained BNNS/PEN nanocomposites show good thermal stability as the glass transition temperatures and initial decomposition temperatures of them are higher than 200 and 490°C. The coefficients of thermal expansion decreases with the increasing of BNNS, and is as low as 0.33 µm/°C when 5.0 wt% of BNNS is incorporated. The thermal conductivity increases with 64% at 5.0 wt% content of BNNS. The incorporation of the BNNS makes these BNNS/PEN composites as potential candidates to be used at high temperature with small thermal deformation. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1598–E1605, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

Composites Based on Core–Shell Structured HBCuPc@CNTs-Fe3O4 and Polyarylene Ether Nitriles with Excellent Dielectric and Mechanical Properties

Core–shell structured magnetic carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) coated with hyperbranched copper phthalocyanine (HBCuPc) (HBCuPc@CNTs-Fe3O4) hybrids were prepared by the solvent-thermal method. The results indicated that the HBCuPc molecules were decorated on the surface of CNTs-Fe3O4 through coordination behavior of phthalocyanines, and the CNTs-Fe3O4 core was completely coaxial wrapped by a functional intermediate HBCuPc shell. Then, polymer-based composites with a relatively high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss were fabricated by using core–shell structured HBCuPc@CNTs-Fe3O4 hybrids as fillers and polyarylene ether nitriles (PEN) as the polymer matrix. The cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of composites showed that there is almost no agglomeration and internal delamination. In addition, the rheological analysis reveals that the core–shell structured HBCuPc@CNTs-Fe3O4 hybrids present better dispersion and stronger interface adhesion with the PEN matrix than CNTs-Fe3O4, thus resulting in significant improvement of the mechanical, thermal and dielectric properties of polymer-based composites.

Aminophenoxyphthalonitrile modified MWCNTs/polyarylene ether nitriles composite films with excellent mechanical, thermal, dielectric properties

In this work, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were firstly surface modified with 3-aminophenoxyphthalonitrile (3-APN) via solvent-thermal method. Subsequently, modified MWCNTs were used to fabricate polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) based composites through solution-casting technique. From the scanning electron microscope observation of 3-APN@MWCNTs/PEN composite films, 3-APN@MWCNTs had uniform dispersion and good interface compatibility with the PEN matrix. The composites were possessed and improved mechanical properties, such as the tensile strength of the composite with 4 wt% filler increased from 90 to about 110 MPa. The tensile modulus increased from 2300 to about 2750 MPa when the filler loading reached 5 wt%. Besides, the 3-APN@MWCNTs/PEN composite films exhibited excellent thermal stability, the glass transition temperature was about 228 °C and the initial decomposition temperature was beyond 484 °C. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of the composite film increased to 32.2 (50 Hz) and the corresponding dielectric loss was 0.9 with 5 wt% 3-APN@MWCNTs loading. Finally, the dynamic rheological tests were employed to investigate the molecular interaction between 3-APN@MWCNTs and PEN polymer chains.

Dielectric and mechanical properties of three-component Al2O3/MWCNTs/polyarylene ether nitrile micro-nanocomposite

Polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/alumina (Al2O3) micro-nanocomposite material films were fabricated by uncomplicated and accessible method, overcoming the difficulty of bad interaction between MWCNTs and PEN matrix. Scanning electron microscope revealed that MWCNTs were isolated by Al2O3 and realized better dispersion in matrix. Al2O3 particles hindered conductive MWCNTs from bridging with each other, working as dielectric obstacle. In addition, the micro-nanocomposite has excellent thermal stability and possesses high performance in dielectric and mechanical. The investigation results showed that the dielectric constant increased to 100.8 (50 Hz), which is 20 times higher than that of pure PEN while the dielectric loss was only 0.1 with 7 wt% MWCNTs loading. Meanwhile, the mechanical property indicated that the composite with 7 wt% MWCNTs loading reached their highest values. In other words, the composite with 7 wt% MWCNTs loading possess excellent mechanical property simultaneously as it reached the percolation threshold.

Synergistic enhancement of dielectric constant of novel core/shell BaTiO3@MWCNTs/PEN nanocomposites with high thermal stability

In this work, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) cores were coated with inorganic BaTiO3 (denoted as BaTiO3@MWCNTs) via solvent-thermal method. Then, BaTiO3@MWCNTs/polyarylene ether nitriles (PEN) nanocomposite films embedded with core/shell BaTiO3@MWCNTs nanotubes were successfully prepared by solution-casting method. Pure PEN film, MWCNTs/PEN and BaTiO3/PEN films were prepared for comparison. The micromorphology, thermal, and dielectric properties of the nanocomposite films were investigated. All the nanocomposite films exhibited excellent thermal stability endowed by PEN matrix. Interestingly, it was found that core/shell BaTiO3@MWCNTs exhibited synergistic enhancement of dielectric constant of BaTiO3@MWCNTs/PEN nanocomposite films.

Facile synthesis of copper phthalocyanine supported on MWCNTs to improve their dispersibility and compatibility in PEN matrix

A novel multi-wall carbon nanotubes-copper phthalocyanine (MWCNTs-CuPc) hybrid material was successfully prepared from 1, 3, 5-tri-(3, 4-dicyanophenoxy) benzene (TPh) and CuCl through a simple and effective solvent-thermal route. FTIR, SEM and TEM results display that the convex surfaces of MWCNTs were successfully coaxially coated by self-assembly organic functional materials. This can effectively prevent MWCNTs from agglomeration, and also can greatly improve their dispersibility and compatibility in polyarylene ether nitriles (PEN) matrix through intermolecular interaction. Most importantly, the permittivity of the nanocomposite film is as high as 55 at 100Hz when the mass fraction of CuPc-MWCNTs reaches 5.0wt%.

BaTiO3@MWCNTs core/shell nanotubes embedded PEN nanocomposite films with high thermal stability and highpermittivity

Novel polymer-based nanocomposite films embedded with core/shell structured nanotubes (multi-wall carbon nanotubes coated with barium titanate) as fillers were fabricated by solution-casting method. It is found that the multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) cores are coated with a layer of barium titanate dielectric shells, which act as an interlayer between the MWCNTs cores as well as the polyarylene ether nitriles (PEN) polymer matrix. The thermogravimeric analysis shows that the films possess excellent thermal properties endowed by PEN matrix. Most importantly, the permittivity of the nanocomposite film is as high as 508 at 100Hz when the mass fraction of MWCNTs reaches 2.5%.

Effect of surface functionalization of SiO2 particles on the interfacial and mechanical properties of PEN composite films

In this paper, we have introduced a new effective approach to graft polyarylene ether nitrile containing carboxyl groups (PEN-COOH) on the surface of silica (SiO2) particles which were further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) composite films with SiO2-PEN particles were prepared through solution-casting method, which were characterized using parallel-plate rheometry, thermogravimetric and mechanical analysis, aimed at investigating the effect of surface functionalization of SiO2 particles on the thermal, mechanical and interfacial properties of PEN/SiO2 composite films. The rheological test indicated that SiO2-PEN particles presented better dispersibility and interfacial compatibility in the PEN matrix, which was further confirmed from scanning electron microscopy and Cole–Cole plots. The thermogravimetric analysis results revealed that the PEN/SiO2 composite films showed a slightly increase in 5% weight loss temperature (increased by 1–12°C) and maximum decomposition rate temperature (increased by 2–5°C) compared with purified PEN film. DSC curves showed that the glass transition temperatures were in the range of 168–172°C. In addition, the mechanical properties of composite films were higher than that of pure PEN film even the SiO2-PEN particles loading reached 6wt%. In sum, the surface functionalization of SiO2 particles was confirmed to be an effective method to improve the interfacial and mechanical properties of PEN/SiO2 composite films.

Preparation and dielectric properties of surface modified TiO2/PEN composite films with high thermal stability and flexibility

A series of surface modified titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyarylene ether nitriles (PEN) composite films with different modified TiO2 contents were prepared by solution casting method combined with ultrasonic dispersion technology. TiO2 particles were successfully surface modified by PEN–COOH polymer previously, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Besides, SEM images of composite films revealed that the interfacial adhesion between surface modified TiO2 particles and the PEN matrix was effectively improved because of their common cyano groups and similar structure units. Furthermore, thermal, mechanical and dielectric characterizations showed that the composite films possess excellent thermal properties and flexibility as well as good dielectric properties, their glass transition temperatures were as high as 223 °C and the initial decomposition temperatures were all above 480 °C. In addition, it was found that the tensile strength of modified TiO2/PEN composites was better than raw TiO2/PEN composites. More importantly, the dielectric constant of composite films increases linearly with increment of the surface modified TiO2 particles content. When the mass fraction of modified TiO2 particles reached 40 %, the dielectric constant of the composite film increased to 7.9 (1 kHz), while the dielectric loss is just 0.028 (1 kHz).

Influence of Polyphenylene Sulfide on Plasticization and Toughening of Polyarylene Ether Nitrile/Polyphenylene Sulfide Blends

Polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN)/polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) blends were prepared via a melt-mixing process. The melting flow properties, compatibility, thermal and mechanical properties were characterized by melting index test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal analysis, tensile test and the fracture suface morphologies. The melt-mixed PEN/PPS blends displayed the excellent melting flow properties during processing. With the content of the PPS increased in the PEN, the melting index of the blends increased considerably, which is beneficial to the processability of PEN. PPS was found to be incompatible with the PEN by the DMA and DSC results. Morphology examinations reveal that the PPS phase is randomly dispersed as droplets with an average size of about 1~2 μm in PEN matrix, which is the main reason to enhance the toughness of PEN. Importantly, the blending materials maintained the characteristic thermal and thermo-oxidative stability as well as mechanical properties of the PEN as considering the further commercial applications.

Fe–phthalocyanine oligomer/Fe 3O 4 nano-hybrid particles and their effect on the properties of polyarylene ether nitriles magnetic nanocomposites

Fe–phthalocyanine oligomer/Fe 3O 4 nano-hybrid particles were successfully prepared from bis-phthalonitrile and FeCl 3·6H 2O through a simple and effective solvent-thermal route. The hybrids were monodispersed solid microspheres from the coalescence of small particles. About 3.7% of the phthalocyanine polymer was incorporated into the resulting hybrids. Then the hybrids as nanofillers in polyarylene ether nitriles (PEN) were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations showed that the addition of the hybrids exhibited better dispersion and compatibility with PEN matrix than that of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of PEN/hybrid Fe 3O 4 nanocomposites had a significant improvement. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) results showed that the prepared PEN nanocomposites presented soft magnetic properties. PEN nanocomposites filled with hybrid Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles exhibited higher saturation magnetization than that of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. The saturation magnetization ( M s ) of the PEN/hybrid Fe 3O 4 nanocomposites increased with the increase of the hybrids and the M s along the parallel and perpendicular direction were close to each other. These results were due to the better dispersion of the hybrids and the interfacial bonding between the hybrids and the surrounding matrix.