Poly Quaternary Ammonium Salt Research Articles

Long-term, synergistic and high-efficient antibacterial polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membrane prepared by “one-pot” electrospinning process

Enhancing long-term antibacterial activity of membrane materials is an effective strategy to reduce biological contamination. Herein, we developed a long-term, synergistic antibacterial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane by a “one-pot” electrospinning process. In the reaction solution of PAN and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), silver-silicon dioxide nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2 NPs) are in-situ synthesized and stabilized using silane coupling agent; and [2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (MT) monomers are then in-situ cross-linked to obtain a polyquaternary ammonium salt (PMT). Subsequently, the casting solution is directly used to fabricate Ag@SiO2/PMT-PAN nanofibrous membrane (NFM) via electrospinning. The antibacterial activity, reusability, synergy effect and biological safety of the Ag@SiO2/PMT-PAN NFM are systematically investigated, and the synergistic antibacterial mechanism is also explored. Even at very low (0.3 wt%) content of silver, the Ag@SiO2/PMT-PAN NFM exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli (99%) and S. aureus (99%). Also, the antibacterial ability of the NFM remains the same level after three cycles of antibacterial processes with the efficient synergy effects of Ag@SiO2 and PMT components. When the Ag@SiO2/PMT-PAN contacts with bacteria, the PMT attracts and kills the bacteria through electrostatic action. The bacteria with damaged cell membranes are deposited on the nanofibrous membrane, which could greatly promote the release of Ag+ and further enhance the antibacterial activity. Moreover, L929 fibroblasts are co-cultured with the extract of 4 mg/mL Ag@SiO2/PMT-PAN for 5 days, which exhibits a low cytotoxicity with a cell proliferation ratio of 95%. This work opens new pathways for developing long-term effective and synergistic antibacterial nanofibrous membrane materials to prevent infections associated with biomedical equipment.

Performance Test and Application Research of New Gemini Wetting Dust Suppressant

In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of dust-catching by water mist to the hard-to-wetting and respirable dust, a new wetting type dust suppressant of Gemini was proposed based on the analysis of the wetting effect of water mist. Based on the evaluation indexes of surface tension, contact Angle, wetting and settling rate of dust spray, the performance of polyquaternary ammonium salt AG-101, dodecanol polyoxyethylene etheryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, octyl alcohol polyoxyethylene etheryl dimethyl decyl ammonium chloride and macromolecular cationic PCD Gemini surfactants were optimized, and had carried on the dust-suppression performance in a certain open-pit iron mine field experiment research. The results show that the comprehensive dust suppression performance of mass concentration of 2.0% of quaternary ammonium salt polymer AG-101 is the best, indoor experimental tests showed the dust rate is 4.2 times the speed of water, the field test showed that the initial wetting speed is 4.4 times the speed of water, and the action time of dust and water mist suppression is shortened obviously. The field application proves that the total dust removal efficiency is 82.3% (water is 56.6%), which is 45.4% higher than that of water. The dust removal efficiency of respirable dust is 92.1%, which is 16.5% higher than that of water. The research results provide a new dust suppressing agent for optimization of mine spray dust removal.

Functional finishing of polyamide-6 fabrics with poly quaternary ammonium salt in presence nanometal oxides

This article introduce a novel, convenient and efficient finishing approach for the creation of quaternary ammonium groups (QAGs) into polyamide-6 (PA-6) macromolecules via polymerization of vinyl monomer is named methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAETAC). The graft copolymerization reaction proceeds in the presence of nano-metal oxides TiO2, ZnO and its hybrid mixture. The finishing method of PA-6 fabrics was carried out by using pad-dry-cure technique in presence K2S2O8 as initiator. The reaction mechanism was suggested. The surface topography was studied using Scan Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX). Evidence the chemical bonding between poly (MAETAC) and amide groups as well as the ionic interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and carboxylic end groups in the chemical structure of the PA-6 fabrics were confirmed by FT-IR. The antimicrobial activity of the finished fabrics were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The achieved antimicrobial functions on the PA-6 fabrics are durable in repeated laundering processes. Even after laundering five times the PA-6 fabrics treated with QAs/Ti NPs could still provide 32%, 80.7%, 22.6%, and 60.5%, while PA fabrics treated with QAs/Zn or QAs/(Ti+Zn) showed excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans before laundering, respectively. Also, it has been found that, PA-6 fabrics finished with the suggested method even after five washing cycles, displayed excellent ultraviolet protection effectiveness. The results of mechanical properties showed that this finishing approach had not destructive effect on the physical properties of the fabrics.

Removal Efficiency of Different Gemini Surfactants and Related Modified Clay to Chattonella marina.

To obtain new modified clays with excellent algae removal efficiency, three gemini surfactants including ethylene bis (dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), ethylene bis (octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) and ethylene bis (dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide) (EDAB), and a poly quaternary ammonium salt, poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, were screened with Chattonella marina. The four chemicals all exhibited high removal efficiencies against C. marina, with EDAB achieving the highest. A series of organ-clays with different ratios of EDAB were prepared, and the associated removal efficiencies were evaluated. The removal efficiencies of the organ-clays were improved by the EDAB intercalation and the organ-clay with 15% EDAB had the highest removal efficiency. The LC50 of EDAB intercalated clay for zebrafish and shrimp was much higher than the values of intercalated clay required to obtain a desirable removal efficiency of algae. Taken together, EDAB intercalated clay might be a potential alternative to control harmful algal blooms (HABs).

Molybdenum disulfide microflowers assembled by few-layered nanosheets and their electrochemical performance for supercapacitor

MoS2 microflowers are fabricated by a facile hydrothermal route with polyquaternary ammonium salt (Polyquaternium-11, PQA) as a soft template. The experimental results indicate that the MoS2 microflowers are of hexagonal phases and have a hierarchical flower-like morphology, which are assembled by numerous few-layered nanosheets. A probable assembly process is proposed to illustrate the formation of the MoS2 microflowers. Additionally, as an electrode material for supercapacitor, the resultant MoS2 microflowers demonstrate a superior electrochemical property which could be attributed to their robust hierarchical architectures and few-layered feature.

Measurement of dissolved reactive phosphorus in water with polyquaternary ammonium salt as a binding agent in diffusive gradients in thin-films technique.

Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) sampler with a polyquaternary ammonium salt (PQAS) aqueous solution as a binding phase and a dialysis membrane as a diffusive phase (PQAS DGT) was developed for the measurement of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in water. The performance of PQAS DGT was not dependent upon pH 3-10 and ionic strength from 1 × 10(-4) to 1 mol L(-1). The effective binding capacity of PQAS DGT containing 2.0 mL of 0.050 mol L(-1) PQAS solution was estimated as 9.9 μg cm(-2). The measurement of DRP in a synthetic solution by PQAS DGT over a 48 h deployment period demonstrated high consistency with the concentration of DRP in the synthetic solution measured directly by the ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method. Field deployments of PQAS DGT samplers allowed for accurate measurement of the DRP concentration in situ. The advantages of PQAS DGT include no requirement of the elution steps and direct concentration measurements of the binding phase.

Determination of Chromium Speciation in Tap Water Using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Film Technique

Abstract A dual diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) device method for in situ fractionation of dissolved inorganic Cr was developed by simultaneously deploying two types of DGT devices with different binding phases in tap water. The concentration of Cr(III) in the tap water determined by a DGT device with sodium poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) solution as the binding phase (PASP DGT) was 3.18 µg L−1, and the recoveries of the spiked Cr(III) were 97.9%–105.3%; the concentration of Cr(VI) in the tap water determined by a DGT device with poly(quaternary ammonium) salt (PQAS) solution as the binding phase (PQAS DGT) was 2.92 µg L−1, and the recoveries of the spiked Cr(VI) were 98.2%–107.7%. The ratios of the total Cr measured by DGT to the total Cr measured by ICP-MS were 102.9%–105.7%.

Selective sampling and measurement of Cr (VI) in water with polyquaternary ammonium salt as a binding agent in diffusive gradients in thin-films technique

A diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) device with polyquaternary ammonium salt (PQAS) as a novel binding agent (PQAS DGT) combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was developed for the selective sampling and measurement of Cr (VI) in water. The performance of PQAS DGT was independent of pH 3–12 and ionic strength from 1×10−3 to 1molL−1. DGT validation experiments showed that Cr (VI) was measured accurately as well as selectively by PQAS DGT, whereas Cr (III) was not determined quantitatively. Compared with diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometric method (DPC), the measurement of Cr (VI) with PQAS DGT was agreement with that of DPC method in the industrial wastewater. PQAS-DGT device had been successfully deployed in local freshwater. The concentrations of Cr (VI) determined by PQAS DGT coupled with GFAAS in Nuer River, Ling River and North Lake were 0.73±0.09μgL−1, 0.50±0.07μgL−1 and 0.61±0.07μgL−1, respectively. The results indicate that PQAS DGT device can be used for the selective sampling and measurement Cr (VI) in water and its detection limit is lower than that of DPC method.

Preparation and characterization of temperature‐responsive chromatographic column containing poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and poly([2‐(methacryloyloxy)‐ ethyl]trimetylammonium chloride)

AbstractThis article described the preparation of temperature‐responsive chromatographic column containing poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and poly quaternary ammonium salt. Poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) and poly ([2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimetylammonium chloride) were synthesized and grafted to amino modified silica gel. The temperature responsive polymer grafted silica gel was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermoweight loss, and elemental analysis. The temperature responsive chromatographic column was used to analyze lactic acid and creatine phosphate disodium salt by controlling of the column temperature from 10 to 50°C. The mixture of lactic acid and creatine phosphate disodium salt was baseline separated at pH 6.93. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

Interaction of polyquaternary ammonium salt and persulfate

An interaction between poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and ammonium persulfate in aqueous solutions has been detected and studied by methods of turbidimetry and viscometry. Investigations were carried out with the cationic polymer of different molecular weight. It was shown that association between low-molecular-weight polyquaternary ammonium salt polycations and persulfate anions was predominant over the chemical (redox) reaction with counterions Cl–. Appreciably stable interaction products (gels, suspensions, solids) were prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and ammonium persulfate. The phenomenon was associated with structural complementarity of both reagents and capacity of the divalent persulfate ions to bind two charged polymer groups by intra- and interchain bridges. Stoichiometry of complexes and their thermal stability in water were examined.

The role of anionic substances in removal of textile dyes from solutions using cationic flocculant

The mechanism of dye removal from textile waste water using polyquaternary ammonium salt as a flocculant has been proposed. It was shown that the cationic polymer tends to react with anionic textile finishing chemicals and auxiliaries (anionic detergents, dispersing agents, thickeners), forming intermolecular complexes of different stoichiometry. Under controlled conditions these complexes are able to incorporate the dye ions or molecules and precipitate together. Formation of triple complexes is postulated to be the only possible way for non-ionic dyes to be precipitated. The nature of forces causing the transfer of the dyes to a polymeric matrix has been revealed. The necessity of an anionic polyfunctional compound with a proper chemical structure to play the role of disperse dye carrier is emphasised. The mechanism of incorporation of dye ions into triple complexes, the possibility of competitive reactions, and the problems of stability and reduced cationic functionality of nonstoichiometric complexes are discussed.