Polyhouse Conditions Research Articles

Inoculation with Microbial Consortium Promotes Growth of Tomato and Capsicum Seedlings Raised in Pro Trays

Tomato and capsicum are important vegetable crops with wide usage in culinary. Inoculation of the planting medium with beneficial microbial consortium is an innovative approach to produce quality and healthy seedlings in horticulture. In the present study, inoculation of a selected microbial consortium consisting of Bacillus sonorensis + Funneliformis mosseae was added to the planting medium in pro trays to raise tomato and capsicum seedlings in a polyhouse. Considering growth parameters like germination rate, seedling length, seedling vigour index, stem girth, biovolume index, seedling dry weight; and microbial parameters like mycorrhizal root colonization and spore numbers, and population of B. sonorensis in the substrate, the ability of the consortium to improve seedling growth was assessed. The results revealed that the seedlings inoculated with the consortium showed significantly improved growth as compared to uninoculated seedlings. Based on the various growth and microbiological parameters studied, it was concluded that inoculation with consortium is beneficial for raising healthy, vigorously growing tomato and capsicum seedlings under polyhouse condition.

Efficacy of spinetoram 10%W/W+ Sulfoxaflor 30%W/W WG Against Spodoptera litura on Okra

Tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura (F.) is an important defoliator pest of okra causing economic damage both in open field and polyhouse conditions. The combination product spinetoram 10% w/w + sulfoxaflor 30% w/w WG was evaluated against this for two seasons i.e., winter 2015 and summer 2016 at Alagapuri village, Alanganallur Block, Madurai District, Tamil Nadu under field conditions. Three rounds of spray of spinetoram 10% w/w + sulfoxaflor 30% w/w WG @ 140 g a.i/ha and spinetoram 10% w/w + sulfoxaflor 30% w/w WG @ 120 g a.i/ha from 30 DAT at 15 days interval were effective and superior.

Isolation, identification and confirmation of Foliar nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi association with Dendrobium Orchid under Polyhouse condition

Dendrobium orchid, Dendrobium nobile, is one of the most widespread ornamentals. Besides durability and high keeping quality, its fragrant, waxy and variable coloured flowers are having a high market demand. Dendrobium orchid was found to be one of the favourable hosts for foliar nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi. The cross inoculation study confirmed the association of Foliar nematode, A. besseyi in Dendrobium. The nematode was found to remain active on plants round the year under polyhouse condition with high temperature and relative humidity affecting the quantity and quality of flower appreciably.

Selection parameters for yield and quality traits in Bhut Jolokia (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) under poly-house condition from North East India

Sixteen genotypes of Bhut Jolokia were evaluated in polyhouse with three replications at vegetable research farm, CHF, CAU, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. Correlation and path analysis were carried out to study the character association and contribution, respectively. Correlation There was a great deal of significant variation for all the characters among the genotypes. In the present investigation, Correlation studies revealed that characters like weight of ripe fruit (0.966, 0.874), fruit length (0.622, 0.503), weight of dry fruit (0.905, 0.805), dry fruit yield per plant (0.903, 0.875) and capsaicin content (0.458, 0.393) was observed significant positive correlation with fruit yield per plant both at genotypic and phenotypic level. However, at genotypic level, weight of ripe fruit had maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant (1.025) followed by dry fruit yield per plant (0.865), fruit length (0.236), ascorbic acid content (0.203). The findings of present study confirmed that, weight of ripe fruit, fruit length, weight of dry fruit, dry fruit yield per plant and capsaicin content were the important characters for selection and chilli breeding programme.

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Microalgal biodiesel production at outdoor open and polyhouse raceway pond cultivations: A case study with Scenedesmus accuminatus using low-cost farm fertilizer medium

The present study has successfully cultivated a promising microalga Scenedesmus accuminatus at outdoor open and polyhouse raceway ponds using low-cost farm fertilizer medium. The tested microalga was cultivated in both ambient and polyhouse conditions for summer, rainy and winter seasons. Diurnal variation in temperature (26–39 °C), humidity (57–90%), solar intensity (ambient: 44–65, polyhouse: 28–41 k lux), pH of culture suspension (6.5–10.6), and dissolved oxygen (5.5–13.1) were recorded throughout the seasons. Further, of the various culture depth and impeller speed tested, S. accuminatus was found to yield high biomass of 1.2 g L−1 and 1.11 g L−1 under ambient and polyhouse conditions, respectively at 30 cm depth with 65 rpm impeller speed. Keeping this optimal culture depth and impeller speed, the tested microalga was grown in open pond and polyhouse consecutively for two years. Under polyhouse raceway pond, the areal biomass productivity during summer, rainy and winter seasons was estimated to be 10.15, 7.83, 10.38 g m−2 day−1 respectively and correspondingly, the areal lipid productivity was estimated to be 1.05, 0.75, 1.18 g m−2 day−1 respectively. On the other hand, at ambient condition, the areal lipid productivity during summer, rainy and winter seasons was 1.19, 0.42, 1.30 g m−2 day−1 respectively. Thus, annual lipid productivity of S. accuminatus grown under ambient condition was estimated to be 3.094 ton hectare−1year-1, and 3.168 ton hectare−1year-1 under polyhouse raceway pond conditions. Notably, the estimated annual biodiesel yield 2.186 and 2.135 ton hectare−1 year−1 under polyhouse and ambient conditions respectively demonstrates Scenedesmus accuminatus is a potential choice for sustainable biodiesel production.

Rapid mass multiplication of Glomus mosseae inoculum as influenced by some biotic and abiotic factors

Rhodes grasses (Chloris gayana Kunth) inoculated with Glomus mosseae were grown under the influence of Azospirillum (biotic factor), IAA (abiotic factor) and Hoagland’s solution (abiotic factor). The effectiveness of each factor was evaluated by measuring mycorrhizal root colonization and spore numbers. The pot culture experiment was carried out under polyhouse condition and observations were recorded at 45, 90 and 120 days of plant growth. The harvest date finely influenced the size of mycorrhizal inoculum. But, all biotic and abiotic factors had a greater influence on root colonization and spore multiplication than harvest time. The agents on application in conjunction favourably enhanced root infection and spore multiplication as compared to their solo treatments, with Azospirillum + Hoagland’s solution application posing to be the best. This not only stimulated mycorrhizal development, but also accelerated the root growth.

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Potato is a versatile vegetable that is eaten all around the year. The objective of this study was to establish a protocol for in vitro micropropagation of Gudene and Belete popular varieties in Ethiopia from lateral bud explants. For shoot induction and multiplication, lateral bud explants were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentration levels of PGRS. Rooting was done on the same media type with different concentration levels of IBA and NAA in combination. The rooted plantlets were then acclimatized under poly-house conditions by transplanting the plantlets regenerated on moist soil mixture of loam soil, sand and compost in 2:1:1 ratio respectively. Results showed that shoot initiation, shoot multiplication and root formation responses were significant (P<0.05) at different hormone levels and combinations. 91.67 and 87.5% of explants survived and initiated for Gudenie and Belete varieties, respectively on shoot initiation MS basal medium supplemented with combination of 2.0 mg/l BAP and 1.0 mg/l IAA. In both varieties, number of nodes/explant, number of shoots/explant and shoot length/explant were significantly (P<0.05) higher at 0.5 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l Kn. Number of days to shoot emergence was also found to be shorter at this level of hormonal combination than other treatments. Number of roots/shoot, root length/shoot, root fresh and dry weight were significantly affected due to growth regulators combination. The acclimatization experiment showed that plantlets of both varieties survived better on the sterilized soil mixture (loam red soil, san and compost) in a ratio of 2:1:1 with better Gudene performance as compared to the second variety.   Key words: Explants, auxin, cytokinin, in vitro propagation, MS media and lateral buds.

Evaluation of four medicinal herb species under conditions of water-deficit stress

Abilities of four commercial herb species namely, Chlorophytum borivilianum, Stevia rebaudiana, Withania somnifera, and Andrographis paniculata were tested for relative drought tolerance under poly house conditions. The findings based on the quantum of data collected for growth, yield of economic parts and physiological traits reveal differential relative potential to sustain performance and cope with the conditions of water stress. Comparative performance of four herb species under stress (50% water deficit) for stress duration of 10, 20 and 30 days revealed significant adverse effects of water-deficit stress as well as stress durations. Out of the four herb species studied, adverse impact of 50% water deficit up to 30 days of stress on growth, yield, rate of photosynthesis, canopy temperature depression and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) ratio was significantly higher in S. rebaudiana and A. paniculata in comparison to C. borivilianum and W. somnifera. In this study, C. borivilianum and W. somnifera have exhibited greater relative drought tolerance as compared to A. paniculata and S. rebaudiana.

Light trap, an effective component of integrated management of Tuta absoluta(Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) on Tomato

The effectiveness of mass trapping the moths of Tuta absoluta was evaluated using light traps in tomato polyhouse at ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during March - June, 2018. Various colours of light sources were evaluated for their efficacy in attracting the moths. Of different coloured light sources evaluated, yellow and white (bluish) were found relatively effective for attraction of the moths. The efficacy of mass trapping was further evaluated and incandescent yellow bulb of 60 W was found most efficient in attracting both sexes of Tuta moths. Thus light traps can be an effective tool for IPM of this pest on tomato, under polyhouse conditions.

Light trap, an effective component of integrated management of Tuta absoluta(Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) on Tomato

The effectiveness of mass trapping the moths of Tuta absoluta was evaluated using light traps in tomato polyhouse at ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during March - June, 2018. Various colours of light sources were evaluated for their efficacy in attracting the moths. Of different coloured light sources evaluated, yellow and white (bluish) were found relatively effective for attraction of the moths. The efficacy of mass trapping was further evaluated and incandescent yellow bulb of 60 W was found most efficient in attracting both sexes of Tuta moths. Thus light traps can be an effective tool for IPM of this pest on tomato, under polyhouse conditions.

Studies on factors influencing the vegetative propagation in walnut (Juglans regia L. )

The experiment was carried out to examine the effect ofdifferent status of physiologically resting scion wood,environment and grafting time for maximum graft success in walnut. Three status of physiologically resting scion wood (apical, sub- apical and basal), were subjected to grafting on four different grafting time (15th February, 1st March, 15th March and 1st April)placed under three environmental conditions(open field,poly trench and polyhouse).Sub-apical portion of resting scion wood resulted in highest sprouting, graft success and plant growth, whereas grafting on 15th March manifested highest graft success. Poly house environmental conditions recorded maximum grafting success and plant growth. Sub apical status of scion wood with 15th March grafting under poly house conditions recorded highest sprouting, graft success and plant growth of walnut and found ideal for clonal propagation of walnut.

Studies on factors influencing the vegetative propagation in walnut (Juglans regia L. )

The experiment was carried out to examine the effect ofdifferent status of physiologically resting scion wood,environment and grafting time for maximum graft success in walnut. Three status of physiologically resting scion wood (apical, sub- apical and basal), were subjected to grafting on four different grafting time (15th February, 1st March, 15th March and 1st April)placed under three environmental conditions(open field,poly trench and polyhouse).Sub-apical portion of resting scion wood resulted in highest sprouting, graft success and plant growth, whereas grafting on 15th March manifested highest graft success. Poly house environmental conditions recorded maximum grafting success and plant growth. Sub apical status of scion wood with 15th March grafting under poly house conditions recorded highest sprouting, graft success and plant growth of walnut and found ideal for clonal propagation of walnut.

Peformance of knolkhol in Chinese type polyhouse during peak winter in cold arid Ladakh

An experiment was carried at Precision Farming Development Centre, Leh, SKUAST-K during the winter season of year 2016-17 to determine the growth and yield of knolkhol as influenced by different dates of transplanting and varieties under Chinese type polyhouse. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three transplanting date viz., 15th October, 25th October and 5th November and four varieties viz., King of market (V1), Purple Vienna (V2), White Vienna (V3) and G- 40 (V4). The results revealed that maximum yield and its attributing traits was found best in 15th October planting. Among the varieties king of market and G-40 performed better as compared to other varieties during winter season in polyhouse condition.

Influence of Increased Temperature Along with Nutrient Management Treatments on CO2 Emission and Crop Productivity of Cowpea in Polyhouse Conditions Vs Natural Open Conditions Under Changing Climate Scenario

Climatic changes and increasing climatic variability’s are likely to aggravate the problems of future food security by exerting pressure on agriculture. A field experiment was conducted with Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to assess the impact of increased temperature in polyhouse with three different treatment’s viz; 100% organic, 100% inorganic, and 50% organic + 50% inorganic nutrient management on growth, yield and carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution compared to that of open natural condition. The results showed that crop production declined with increase in temperature and the mean root and shoot weight were higher in the case of open cultivated plants over the polyhouse cultivated plants. In the case of nutrient management practices, the maximum yield was with 100% application of inorganic fertilizers under open cultivated conditions whereas under polyhouse conditions, higher yield was obtained with 100% application of organic manures. Among the different treatments applied, 100% application of organic manure resulted in maximum carbon dioxide emission in open conditions with 654 mg, whereas polyhouse showed 316 mg only. The lowest value of CO2 evolution of 277 mg was observed with 50% of organic manure + 50% of inorganic fertilizer’s application of fertilizers under open conditions. In all the three nutrient management treatments, the CO2 evolution (mg) reached plateau and stabilized over the last two observations. At the last interval, CO2 evolution had the values from 4.00 to 6.80 mg of CO2 in all the treatments. Cumulative CO2 evolution (mg) showed that the emission was higher under open natural conditions when compared to the polyhouse conditions at elevated temperature and this indicated that the microbial respiration was higher under natural conditions. Ambient air temperature and soil temperature was higher under polyhouse conditions than that of open natural conditions. However, soil moisture was higher under open conditions than the polyhouse conditions in most of the observations. Based on the studied parameters, it is suggested that enough mitigation strategies need to be adopted for sustaining the crop production under changing climatic scenario.

Effect of Seasons on Subsequent Production Behavior of Small Size Potato Mini-tubers

For the effective utilization of healthy and precious planting material, one-time multiplication of extremely small mini-tubers of potato under protected conditions is an alternative option to improve the size of progeny tubers for making them suitable for field multiplication. With this objective, the extremely small potato mini-tubers, viz. < 1, 1–2 and 2–3 g, produced during Kharif and autumn seasons were evaluated for their production behavior and health status under polyhouse (aphid proof) conditions of northwestern India (2700 m above mean sea level) during 2012 and 2013. The study revealed that mini-tubers produced during both the seasons had almost similar production potential and can be multiplied simultaneously without any special treatment. The number of tubers/m2 was more with mini-tubers grown in Kharif season than the autumn ones, but the yield was similar with the mini-tubers from both the seasons. However, plant vigor, number of tubers and yield were significantly affected by the grade of mini-tubers. The ELISA test of 5% plants raised from the mini-tubers from both the seasons revealed 100% healthy stocks in all the grades of mini-tubers.

Influence of Open and Polyhouse Conditions on Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission from &lt;i&gt;Amaranthus&lt;/i&gt; Plots with Different Nutrient Management Practices under Changing Climate Scenario

Influence of Open and Polyhouse Conditions on Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission from &lt;i&gt;Amaranthus&lt;/i&gt; Plots with Different Nutrient Management Practices under Changing Climate Scenario

Effect of various levels of nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative parameters of Rose var. “Top Secret” under poly house condition

Study was conducted to find out the effect of various levels (100, 150, 200, 250,300 mg/plant/week) of nitrogen on growth parameters in terms of qualitative and quantitative traits of rose var. Top Secret. Plant growth in general increased with increase in nitrogen levels. Among various levels of nitrogen application, 300 mg nitrogen per plant per week significantly increased all vegetative growth parameters and showed maximum plant height (117.45 cm), leaf area (98.91 cm2 ) and a number of leaves (62.50). Further, flowering parameters like stalk length (83.53cm), bud diameter (2.45cm), bud length (2.55 cm), number of flowers per plant (7.30) as well as per square meter (53.05) were also significantly maximum in plants given nitrogen @ 300 mg per plant per week. Leaf N (2.94 %), P (0.19%), K (1.87%) and chlorophyll content in leaves (4.41mg/g) was also higher with 300 mg N per plant per week. Vase life (10 days) and anthocyanin content in petal tissue (2.09 mg/g) were found the maximum in plants given nitrogen @ 250 mg per plant per week, which was at par with the treatment of nitrogen @ 300 mg per plant per week. Nitrogen should be applied at the rate of 300 mg/plant/week under protected cultivation as the optimum dose for good plant growth and qualitative flower production in rose var. Top Secret under protected cultivation.

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