Political Language Research Articles

The Effect of Service Quality, Customer Orientation and Customer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty

This study aims to examine the effect of service quality, customer orientation on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty on JCO products. This study is motivated by unmentioned customer loyalty, so a study was conducted to find out from the quality of service and customer orientation which will be the most influential variables on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty on JCO products. The population in this study were all consumers at JCO Outlets domiciled in the Jabotabek area, totaling 103 Outlets. While the research sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique, namely customers who had purchased JCO products at least 2 times with a total of 170 respondents. This research is a quantitative study using the Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method. The results of the study indicate that customer orientation has a positive effect on service quality, followed by the following hypotheses, namely service quality has a positive effect on customer satisfaction, customer orientation has a positive effect on customer satisfaction, service quality has a positive effect on customer loyalty, but customer orientation does not have a positive effect on customer loyalty, customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer loyalty, service quality does not mediate customer orientation on customer satisfaction, in contrast to customer satisfaction mediating service quality and customer orientation on customer loyalty. After conducting the study, the author suggests adding other supporting variables, such as product quality, word of mouth promotion, brand trust, price and various other variables that are relevant to the novelty of the study. In the future, JCO is expected to be able to improve service quality and customer orientation in terms of responding to customers with polite language in responding to complaints from customers so that JCO customers will feel happy and become more loyal in buying JCO products.

Principles of Politeness in Balinese Speech

A good communication is reflected in the use of good and appropriate language. Politeness in a language is an important thing that needs to be considered in communication. However, often the problem of politeness in language becomes an obstacle for the younger generation in using Balinese. For that reason, a research on politeness in language related to the use of good and appropriate language in using Balinese is very important to do. Data of this research is written data of Balinese folklore. To obtain good research results, the data collection method applied in this study is the observation method with the help of notes. The data analysis used matching and distributional methods with intralingual and extralingual techniques. The data was analyzed referring to the view that living language (used orally and in writing) represents facts about nature, society and culture that exist in its environment so that in addition to being a social fact, language is also a record of natural facts as a sign of the relationship between humans and their natural environment. This study shows that the principle of politeness includes the principle of politeness and the principle of cooperation. Related to the two principles, the forms of compliance with the principle of politeness and the principle of cooperation, the forms of violations of the two principles, and the reasons why violations of the two principles of politeness can occur are studied.

Nikolai Bulganin and Nikita Khrushchev in Burma in 1955: thaw, decolonization, and ambivalences of the Soviet official language

In the article, the author examines the function of ambiguity and contradiction in the Soviet official political language of the Thaw period in the context of internal and external political transformations. The two-volume publication, entitled “Mission of Friendship: N.A. Bulganin and N.S. Khrushchev’s Visit to India, Burma, Afghanistan”, published in 1956 and dedicated to the journey undertaken a year prior, serves as the principal source. Recent historiography has devoted significant attention to the internal contradictions and inconsistency of Soviet policy, particularly the clash between domestic and foreign policy objectives in the context of decolonisation processes from the 1950s to the 1970s. This shift in focus has marked a notable departure from the dominant theoretical perspective of totalitarianism. In examining the case of Bulganin and Khrushchev’s visit to Burma, the author seeks to discern the underlying contradictions, their degree of explicitness in the official Soviet text, and their impact on foreign and domestic policy. The analysis reveals that the ambivalence evident in the official narrative was, in large part, a strategic maneuver, though in many instances, it was the product of ad hoc improvisation aimed at harmonizing disparate political objectives. The existence of contradictions and ambivalences enabled the emergence of disparate political discourses, which undermined the rigidity of the official Soviet rhetoric while simultaneously rendering it more adaptable and malleable.

Cognitive Analysis of Euphemisms in The Big Bang Theory under CBT

This research delves into the pragmatic function of euphemisms in the context of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory, utilizing Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT) as the analytical framework. The purpose is to understand how euphemisms, as a form of polite language, are constructed to avoid direct and potentially offensive expressions, thus promoting social harmony. The methodology involves a detailed analysis of euphemistic language within the sitcom, focusing on the integration of mental spaces as proposed by CBT. The study identifies key euphemisms and constructs a conceptual integration network for each, revealing the input spaces, generic space, and the blended space that emerges, offering new meanings. The main results demonstrate that euphemisms are cognitively processed through the blending of spaces, where elements from different domains combine to form a less confrontational meaning. The conclusion underscores the efficacy of CBT in explaining the complexity of euphemistic language, showcasing its role in navigating social norms and cultural sensitivities. This research provides insights into American cultural nuances and the strategic use of language in social interactions, enhancing the understanding of euphemisms as a cross-cultural communication tool.

Communication Form Of Tungku Tigo Sajarangan As Minangkabau Leader (Study in Nagari Sungai Abu, SolokRegency, West Sumatra)

This research focuses on the Sungai Abu community as an ethnic Minangkabau who is bound by the laws that apply in society. Because the penghulu acts as a leader and traditional leader, Cadiak Pandai is a person who is intelligent/scientist, scholar, bureaucrat, politician, scientist and expert in various professions, while Alim Ulama is a person who is an expert in religion and religious leaders. Through the library research method used, by collecting data through journal articles, related books, and reading several previous studies, the author observed Tigo Sajarangan Tungku's form of communication in leading in Nagari Sungai Abu. Among them contains three aspects. First, communicating in the realm of deliberation and consensus as a means of decision making. Second, communicating by establishing functional integration to preserve the customs of the Abu River. Third, communicate using figures of speech as a form of polite language in speaking and conveying ideas.

Exploring the Lexical Influence of Arabic on Bahasa Indonesia: Phonetically Transcribed

The influence of one language on another is a common phenomenon, and given that Arabic is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, it is not surprising that it has influenced other languages. One such language is Bahasa Indonesia, which is spoken in Indonesia, one of the most populous nations in the world. There appears to be a lack of comprehensive analyses on the lexical influence of Arabic on Bahasa Indonesia. Such an analysis is an essential linguistic aspect that needs to be highlighted. Thus, this study aims to investigate the extent of the linguistic impact of Arabic on Bahasa Indonesia, specifically focusing on the lexicon. This research gathered data from twelve native speakers of Bahasa Indonesia, aged between 19 and 34, who were asked to produce Arabic lexical items. All Arabic loanwords in the data were identified and phonetically transcribed using International Phonetic Alphabet symbols. The findings revealed that Arabic has significantly impacted Bahasa Indonesia, enriching its lexicon in various domains, particularly in the religious domain, as well as in academic, political, and everyday language. The study concludes that Arabic has notably contributed to the development of Bahasa Indonesia’s vocabulary and recommends further research on other linguistic aspects such as semantics, phonology, or morphology.

The Role of Non-State Actors in the Linguistic Policy in the Republic of Moldova

This article examines the evolving role of non-state actors in the politics of language, using the postSoviet Republic of Moldova as a case study. Over the past half-century, the increasing influence of non-state actors in global political systems has led to shifts not only in international relations but also in domestic policy areas such as language policy. Traditionally the exclusive domain of the state, language policy has become an arena of interaction between the state and various non-state actors, including political parties and non-governmental organizations. This interaction, termed the «politics of language,» extends beyond national borders, particularly in cases where a country's population is linked to kin states. In Moldova, the political landscape is divided between pro-Russian Moldovanists, who advocate for a distinct Moldovan identity and the use of “Moldovan” as the state language, and pro-Romanian Romanianists, who promote Romanian identity and language. The research identifies the key actors in Moldova's language politics and reveals that, during the country's independence, the politics of language has shifted from a conflict between the state and intellectual elites to a more complex set of relations between multiple actors, with Romanianists gaining influence. The role of the state has been significantly weakened, as evidenced by the Constitutional Court's reduced capacity to maintain constitutional stability, becoming instead a tool for non-state actors.

Linguistic Diversities in Nepal: A Glimpse of Past and Present

Nepal is known m as a multilingual nation; however, language policies and statistics of languages spoken in Nepal showed the challenges to maintain linguistic diversities in Nepal. In this context, aim of this study is to outline the language policies of Nepal. Constitutional provisions and arguments of the participants were analyzed with geographical and historical contexts. The study also presents the current population census and highlights the statistics of languages on the basis of mother tongue, second language and ancestor language. Government reports, law and rules related language policies, published between 1950 to 2013 were analyzed with the opinions and perceptions of the participants. Throughout history, the language politics in Nepal has undergone significant shifts and changes due to various political transformations. Current statistics of languages show that it is difficult to preserve minority languages because he numbers of speakers is very low. Except that lack of sufficient resource mobilization on the preservation of minority languages, confusing government policies, socio economic and cultural shift of the respected language community creates problems to sustain minorities language in Nepal. Finding of this study can be apply to formulate the policies and programs related to the preservation and promotion of endangered language because the study analyzes the present linguistic polices and statistics of the language spoken in Nepal.

«Confrontation of fonts: Gothic vs Antiqua» in the language politics of the Third Reich

The article is devoted to the consideration of the script in the modern history of the German literary language, associated with the design of its normative graphics (graphemics), in particular the «font dispute: antiqua vs gothic» in the first half of the 20th century. For a significant period of historical development, the German literary language is marked by «cognitive dissonance» caused in the linguistic consciousness of its speakers by the collision of «conflicting» variants of Latin characters. The parallel use of various graphic variants of writing (diglyph), especially at the stage of the modern history of the German language, is marked by the influence of various extra-linguistic factors (ideology, confessional, cultural differences, national and state policies, etc.). A pressing issue is the consideration of the radical and controversial language policy in the totalitarian Third Reich in 1933–1945. Declaring Fraktur as a «national script», a symbol of identity and the embodiment of basic doctrines (unity of the nation and German-speaking ethnic groups, anti-Semitism, «struggle for culture», the idea of superiority), the National Socialists in 1941, at the stage of reorienting their policy towards «Eurocentrism», declared it replacement of the previously rejected antiqua as «normative German writing». The article provides a critical stage-by-stage analysis of the scenarios of the language policy of National Socialism in the «dispute about graphics», attempts to use a «compromise font» (Futura). Ideologemes associated with this practice are analyzed as lexical markers (Sprachregelung, Kulturkampf, Schrifttum, Judenlettern, deutsche Volksschrift/Normalschrift, etc.). The result of the study was the construction of a model of «font strategy» as a special linguistic-semiotic phenomenon of the language policy of the Third Reich. The conclusions note a peculiar reflection of the «font dispute» in different types of texts of 1933–1945 and in the military discourse of the Third Reich.

Citizens as lawmakers: legal innovation and the competing moralities of environmental juridification

ABSTRACT Law has increasingly become a relevant political language and a field of political contestation for citizens. In the context of socioenvironmental disputes, citizens have appealed to the courts or become involved in lawmaking as means of asserting their rights and worldviews. Such citizen engagements with law, I argue, amount to a form of worldmaking, as they allow for the introduction of situated moral values that challenge existing notions, rooted in liberal legality, about the environment, development, and sovereignty. This article explores this argument through the prism of the twelve-year long citizen opposition to mining in El Salvador and citizen engagement with law that culminated in the country’s 2017 national ban on metal mining. It focuses on two processes of citizen-led legal experimentation: participation in a commercial arbitration dispute through two amicus curiae submissions and the production of several iterations of law drafts. The ethnographic research on which the article is based employed a networked methodology with a constellation of citizen actors whose engagements with law brought about the mining ban and articulated a set of alternative moral values.

Online Political Participation of Refugees in Germany: Analysis of a Survey in Bavaria

New media are an important resource for the political participation of marginalized groups. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the factors that influence whether this opportunity is used. Influencing factors emerge from both the Civic Voluntarism Model and previous research on migrants’ political activity. Using data collected in 2019/2020 from 486 refugees living in Bavaria, we estimate linear probability models to investigate facilitating factors for the use of new media for political participation. The analysis shows that refugees in Germany who inform themselves about politics online tend to be predominantly male, higher educated, and politically involved. Language skills and the duration of stay also appear to be important. For the expression of one’s political opinion online, gender and language skills have an impact, but informing oneself about German politics, political interest, and offline political activity in Germany are the most relevant factors. This indicates that there is a close link between on- und offline activity. However, using the internet requires particular resources, so that people with lower language skills, for example, are particularly disadvantaged.

Women's Language in Bargaining: A Sociolinguistic Study of Seller-Buyer Interactions in Dinoyo Market

This study investigates the characteristics of women’s language in market bargaining, revealing how specific communicative features affect buying and selling interactions. These features include the use of polite and non-confrontational language forms, such as hedges and tag questions, which reflect a desire to maintain harmonious social relations. Drawing on Robin Lakoff’s (1975) theory, the study examines how features like hedges, tag questions, and super polite forms are employed by female sellers and buyers during market interactions. The research methods include direct observation and conversation analysis to identify the frequency and context of these language features. The findings indicate that the use of female language traits not only influences the nature of bargaining but also contributes to establishing and maintaining positive social relationships between sellers and buyers. These insights enhance our understanding of communication strategies in economic contexts and underscore the importance of recognizing gender-specific linguistic features in everyday social interactions. Furthermore, the research suggests that a deeper understanding of women’s language traits can provide practical benefits for market participants, aiding in the improvement of their negotiation and marketing skills

A Pertinence Score for Political Discourse Analysis: The Case of 2018 Colombian Elections

This study proposes a quantitative method to assess the pertinence of political language on national issues, addressing the complexity of analyzing political discourse and its relevance to citizens’ concerns. Using word embeddings and linguistic models trained on Wikipedia, a “pertinence score” was developed to measure the relevance of political discourse in contexts such as the economy and health. The method was applied to the 2018 Colombian presidential election, revealing significant differences in thematic pertinence between candidates. Survey validation confirmed the correlation between automatic and human scores, highlighting the model’s ability to discriminate ideological positions through lexical analysis.

Analysis of Language Politeness of Local Party Legislative Candidates in Aceh Jaya

Analysis of Language Politeness of Local Party Legislative Candidates in Aceh Jaya

Trauma at the Intersection of Precarity and the Politics of Language: Exploring Memory and Manipulation in Joy Kogawa’s Obasan

Trauma at the Intersection of Precarity and the Politics of Language: Exploring Memory and Manipulation in Joy Kogawa’s Obasan

Students' Perception of Code-Crossing in EFL Classroom Interaction on Sociocultural

Code-crossing in EFL classroom used by students and lecturers is important due to maintain language politeness in communication. This study aims to disclose students’ perception of code-crossing usage by viewing it from sociocultural. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative. The researcher uses open-ended interview to 12 English Education Department student from semester 4 and 6. The result shows that students often use code-crossing both high-code and low-code and switch one to another depend on the interlocutors. In sociocultural aspect, most of students have positive perception towards several sociocultural; cultural background, age difference, level of education, and linguistic variation. The result reveals that students highly consider intonation of voice, body language, and language selection when they use code-crossing. In conclusion, English Education students mostly have positive perception towards these four sociocultural aspects.

Pergeseran Makna Kata Antum Dalam Interaksi Sosial Santri Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Qulub Polagan Galis Pamekasan

<p style="text-align: justify;">Dhamir or in Indonesian is known as pronouns. In Arabic, dhamir itself is an isim ma'rifah which is used to represent the mention of something, someone, or a group. This study aims to describe two main aspects, namely how santri use the word antum in daily interactions, and the relationship between the use of the word antum and the attitude of language politeness. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The research data were obtained through participant observation and unstructured interview methods, the population of the object of this research is all active students in the Miftahul Qulub Polagan Galis Pamekasan Islamic boarding school, and 30 samples were taken. The informants of this research were 25 active students from the Miftahul Qulub Polagan Galis Pamekasan Islamic boarding school and there were 5 informants who had the status of being active teachers and administrators at the Miftahul Qulub Polagan Galis Pamekasan Islamic boarding school. Data processing was carried out by researchers using triangulation in the form of triangulation of methods, and triangulation of data sources. The results showed that First, this word is used as a pronoun to refer to the second male person in the plural. In the context of nahwu which is the grammatical rule of Arabic. Second, the word antum is used as a word of greeting to older individuals and individuals who are respected and respected. Third, the use of the word antum by santri is not only a functional communication tool, but also reflects the values of politeness in their culture. this research provides an in-depth understanding of how the word antum not only functions as a communication tool, but also as an expression of politeness values in the daily interactions of the santri.</p>

Polite Language on Facebook: Maintaining Ethics in Interactions on Social Media

The objective of this study was to examine the present condition of politeness in language usage on Facebook, determine the factors that impact the use of polite language, and suggest approaches to promote civility in digital interactions. Using a qualitative methodology, the data collection process involved analyzing the content of posts and comments from public Facebook pages and groups. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with users to gather their personal experiences and perceptions. Our analysis of the content uncovered notable disparities in the levels of politeness observed. Community-oriented groups demonstrated elevated levels of politeness, likely attributed to their shared interests and established norms. Conversely, discussions centered around political matters were more susceptible to impoliteness, largely influenced by the anonymity of participants and the intensity of emotions involved. Interviews emphasized the significance of cultural variations, the design features of Facebook, and the crucial role of personal responsibility in upholding politeness. Effective moderation and well-defined guidelines were determined to be essential in handling discourteous conduct. The results highlight the importance of adopting a holistic strategy towards digital communication, encompassing the promotion of cultural sensitivity, the improvement of digital literacy, and the development of ethical platform features. These measures aim to cultivate a more respectful and constructive online environment.

KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DALAM KOMENTAR AKUN INSTAGRAM “BAWASLU RI” SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR TEKS ANEKDOT KELAS X

Language is a communication tool that one can use to convey their feelings and desires. Therefore, language functions as a tool to convey what is implied in one's mind. In the context of showing awareness of the dignity of others in language, either directly or indirectly, is known as language politeness. there is a violation and compliance of the principle of politeness or courtesy in a comment. Where at the time of commenting, the speaker feels free to give an utterance of positive or negative criticism. In giving an utterance must pay attention to the principles of conversation. The qualitative approach applied in this study emphasizes an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study. The data obtained are not in the form of numbers, but words that reflect the thoughts and experiences of the subject. This research was conducted using qualitative descriptive method. Based on the contextual research that refers to analysis, what is meant by descriptive in this research is the description of the objectives and formulation of the problem of how the principles of language politeness in the comments of Bawasli RI's Instagram account involve pragmatic theory from the study of the principles of language politeness according to Leech. The results of this study include two things that are in accordance with the formulation of the problem and the objectives of the research discussed, namely 1) The form of adherence to the principle of politeness is.

Analisis Strategi Komunikasi Bisnis pada Warkop Royal Silangkitang Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Selatan

This study examines the business communication strategy used by Warkop Royal and the inhibiting factors of Warkop Royal's business communication strategy. To obtain the results of this study, a qualitative descriptive research method was used, then direct interviews were conducted with various sources needed in this study. The results of this study indicate that the communication strategy used by Warkop Royal is to greet consumers with polite language, promote by word of mouth, strategic location, collaboration with local businesses, and maintain the quality of food and beverages. The inhibiting factors of Warkop Royal's business communication strategy are not yet optimal in using social media, lack of training for employees, cultural and language barriers, economic conditions, and tight competition. While the SWOT theory used by Warkop Royal is that they always greet consumers with polite language, Strategy (SO) Using formal but relaxed language. Strategy (WO) Carrying out a more inclusive and adaptive approach. Strategy (ST) Providing polite and friendly language. Strategy (WT) Developing a business approach based on a deep understanding of the local market. When associated with the AIDDA Theory, Warkop Royal's business communication strategy is very promising.