Politicization Of Bureaucracy Research Articles

Prime Minister, Minister, or Something Else? Determinants of Patronage Appointments and Politicization of the Bureaucracy at the Senior Level in Turkey (2002–2018)

Patronage appointments have been a frequently used a common indicator used to gauge the level of politicization of bureaucracy in different countries. Studies tend to explain politicization based on governmental, prime ministerial, or ministerial alternation. By relying upon a unique dataset consisting of 12.832 decisions of appointment to higher echelons in the Turkish bureaucracy during the Justice and Development Party’s uninterrupted one-party governments between 2002 and 2018, this study, however, suggests that the patronage appointments, and thereby politicization of the bureaucracy, might very well have been triggered by the within “power bloc” crisis linked to Turkey’s socio-political conditions.

NETRALITAS APARAT SIPIL NEGARA DALAM PUSARAN POLITISASI BIROKRASI DI INDONESIA

This article aims to determine the link between ASN neutrality and the politicization of the bureaucracy in Indonesia, especially after direct regional head elections began in 2005. This change allowed serving regional heads to run for re-election, which could affect ASN neutrality and loyalty because regional heads have the authority to judge ASN performance and determining their structural positions. This research uses a qualitative approach. This research is also supported by library research, namely the study of written materials related to the research focus. The research results show that the politicization of bureaucracy that has occurred in Indonesia indicates that violations of ASN neutrality are still occurring. This can be seen from the use of state facilities, mobilization of ASN, compensation for job promotions, politicization of employee recruitment, promotion and depromotion of career positions.

The Bureaucracy Neutrality in Indonesian Politics

The politicization of the Indonesian bureaucracy in election is attracting great attention since it’s resulted in declining quality of democracy in this country. Although political change since 1998 has given greater strength to societal forces vis-à-vis the state, the fact is that the legacy of patronage network still exists. The politicization of the bureaucracy through the weakening of political parties and maintaining bureaucratic authoritarianism under the New Order government (1966-1998) was an important stimulus for this study. With the downfall of Soeharto’s New Order regime, the authoritarian nature of the bureaucratic system was not only exposed but also changed. These changes have put paid to questions about the involvement of political parties and the influence of societal forces in the formation of policy. The bureaucracy can no longer exist as it was in the New Order, and, in fact, has responded to societal needs by adjusting to the new political climate. In this context, Indonesian politics under the reformation era takes on a wider significance for one of the main results has been the emergence of bureaucratic pluralism – a more pluralistic political system that is more open to the influence of these societal forces. This study was conducted using literature review to understand theories and empirical experiences about the neutrality of the bureaucracy in both national elections and regional elections. This study showed that after 75 years of independence, Indonesia must continue to struggle to build a bureaucracy that is professional (effective and efficient) and politically neutral.

THE BUREAUCRACY NEUTRALITY IN INDONESIAN POLITICS

The politicization of the Indonesian bureaucracy in election is attracting great attention since it’s resulted in declining quality of democracy in this country. Although political change since 1998 has given greater strength to societal forces vis-à-vis the state, the fact is that the legacy of patronage network still exists. The politicization of the bureaucracy through the weakening of political parties and maintaining bureaucratic authoritarianism under the New Order government (1966-1998) was an important stimulus for this study. With the downfall of Soeharto’s New Order regime, the authoritarian nature of the bureaucratic system was not only exposed but also changed. These changes have put paid to questions about the involvement of political parties and the influence of societal forces in the formation of policy. The bureaucracy can no longer exist as it was in the New Order, and, in fact, has responded to societal needs by adjusting to the new political climate. In this context, Indonesian politics under the reformation era takes on a wider significance for one of the main results has been the emergence of bureaucratic pluralism – a more pluralistic political system that is more open to the influence of these societal forces. This study was conducted using literature review to understand theories and empirical experiences about the neutrality of the bureaucracy in both national elections and regional elections.

Administrative Issues and Reforms in the Bureaucracy of Pakistan: An Analytical Study

This article highlights the nature of governance in bureaucracy in Pakistan during various regimes. The bureaucracy involved itself in politics and ignored the golden sayings of Quaid-i-Azam, which led it to face various sociopolitical and administrative issues and problems. Bureaucrats sense of primacy resulted in the politicization of bureaucracy. This intervention, as a result, led to decay, arbitrary decision-making, corruption, kickback culture and lack of accountability, etc. This study attempts to present various issues and problems faced by the bureaucracy of Pakistan and suggests reforms to minimize them so that the cherished goal of a developed Pakistan in the 21st century may be achieving.

IMPLEMENTASI SELEKSI TERBUKA JABATAN PIMPINAN TINGGI (JPT) PRATAMA BAGI PNS DALAM RANGKA REFORMASI BIROKRASI DI BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KABUPATEN SUMEDANG PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

Abstract
 Prior to the enactment of Law Number 5 of 2014 that concerning regulate State Civil Apparatus, filling in positions was not conducted openly, but rather featured superior privileges. After the birth of Law Number 5 Year 2014, open promotion has become one of the levers of the success of bureaucratic reform, this system is expected to prevent the politicization of bureaucracy, practicing of collusion, corruption and nepotism. Through open promotion, it will create a good system in the career of civil servants. Even though until now, it is imperative to carry out new open promotions at high leadership positions. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze how the implementation process of open selection Pratama High Leadership Position for civil servants in the framework of bureaucratic reform in the Human Resources and Human Resources Development Agency of Sumedang Regency, West Java Province. The analytical tool in this study uses the implementation concept of George Edward III in Supriatna (2010: 175-176), there are 4 (four) variables in implementing a public policy, namely: “Communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure”. These four factors influence the success/failure of policy implementation. The research method is used qualitative research with descriptive methods and collecting data through observation and interview. The results of the research show that the implementation process has run quite well from the aspects of communication, aspects of resources, disposition aspects, and aspects of the bureaucratic structure but need to be maintained and improved again for the open selection process of the Pratama High Leadership Position in the framework of bureaucratic reform in Human Resources And Human Resources Agency Sumedang Regency, West Java Province.
 Keywords: implementation, open selection, pratama high leadership position, bureaucratic reform.

The Determinants of Promotion to High Public Office in Germany: Partisan Loyalty, Political Craft, or Managerial Competencies?

The politicization of bureaucracy is a widespread strategy to increase the political control of ministerial departments in parliamentary democracies. It is, however, largely unknown why executive politicians promote some officials rather than others to high public office. Based on a unique dataset of all senior officials in German federal ministries and agencies that held office in the period 1997–2015, this article investigates whether partisan loyalty, political craft, and managerial competencies influence the chance of promotion to the highest civil service position in Germany (state secretary). We apply event history modeling to draw inferences on the relative importance of different selection criteria used by ministers when recruiting state secretaries from a candidate pool of senior officials. A key finding is that ministers consistently prefer politically loyal to nonloyal candidates. Although ministers also consider candidates’ political craft and selected managerial competencies, they are likely to trade-off partisan loyalty against those qualifications. The article contributes to the literature on politicization in the public sector by comparing potential and actual office holders and by including a broad set of selection criteria, moving beyond the literature’s dominating focus on partisan loyalty. The methodological approach developed in this article may well be transferred to other institutional contexts and used for comparative studies in this area.

Development Through Good Governance

Since the 1990s the concept ‘good governance’ has become one of the most widely used in debates in development, public policy and international relations. Despite its recent prominence the concept ‘good governance’ has frequently used in different meanings and implications. Following an introduction, which includes a historiographic note on development discourse, the first part of this paper is intended to be an overview of diverse definitions, interpretations and measuring problems of good governance. The purport of the second part of this paper is to focus on whether good governance matters in development or not, the performance of good governance in Albania. This paper has argued that good governance is indispensable in Albania, because misgovernance is a great hindrance and predicament to development. The politicization of bureaucracy, judiciary, appointment, transfer and promotion in all most all offices, lack of voice and accountability, inefficiency and satisfying the vested interest fall within the purview of misgovernance

The politics of de‐delegation: Regulatory (in)dependence in Turkey

AbstractThis essay explores the rise and decline of regulatory independence in Turkey. Framing the ongoing process of limiting independence of these agencies as the politics of de‐delegation, it raises the question of why Turkish regulatory agencies have become subject to increasing political intervention. Contending that institutional legacies and mounting illiberal predispositions of the Turkish state facilitate the politics of de‐delegation, the essay focuses on centralization, executive discretion, and politicization of bureaucracy as the major institutional legacies. Then it briefly discusses formal and informal mechanisms of political intervention, which have impaired the independence of the regulatory agencies.

Educar al funcionario: “de la frialdad de las leyes a las innovaciones doctrinarias” (Argentina 1946-1952).

The detailed and substantiate review of some concrete governmental practices allows us to inquire in what historical ways the state discursive action's plots developed during the first peronist government. Traditionally it has been considered the management of state during the first Peronist government as a homogeneous and indistinct phenomenon, and that has been questioned in some recent works. In this line we have reviewed a body formed by materials produced by the same state machinery. These are texts seeking to design a state functionarial subjectivity, not only through the establishment of patterns of obedience but through out a humanizing pedagogy and the politicization of bureaucracy. In that sense results interesting the distinction between the political sphere of peronism and state structures, as well as analysing their reciprocal interactions. Thus the modalities of building political power in the management of the state reveals their specific impact and contradictions. It comes to analysing ways in which the state built in a certain period some of its capabilities.

Politicization of Bureaucracy: A Framework for Comparative Measurement

Politicization of Bureaucracy: A Framework for Comparative Measurement

Politicization of bureaucracy

Politicization of bureaucracy

Politicization of bureaucracy : A framework for measurernent

The idea that bureaucracy is a «rational» and «depoliticized» instrument in the conduct of public affairs, has recently come under severe criticism. Assuming the inevitable trend towards «politicization», modern bureaucracies can possibly be classified info four different categories, i.e. : «De-politicized», «Semi-politicized», «Committed» and «Fully-politicized». Such a classification is based on the operationalization of certain indices on four different dimensions viz. a) Degree of Bureaucracy's Influence in Decision-making; b) Degree of its Involvement in Political Activities; c) Degree of Political Interference in its Work and d) its Image in the Public. The extent of «politicization» of any bureaucratic system and its actual deviation from the defined categories will, however, depend upon the available pattern of the characteristic indices in that particular society. Notwithstanding certain difficulties in the operationalization of such indices, the model should be helpful in providing a framework for a comparative analysis and measurement of «politicization» of bureaucracies in different political systems.