Political System Of Society Research Articles

The Problem of Typology of States and Legal Systems

The essence of the historical types of the state and law is one of the most important and crucial historical moments, without which it is not possible to correctly understand the development of their essence, their socio-political content and significance, their form, activity, or the change of their place and role in the political system of society.

Current state of the political culture of Afghanistan

The article is devoted to one of the important issues of the development of the political space, political system, political life, and ideological and cultural structure of modern Afghan society. The article attempts to analyze and discuss various aspects of the current state of the political culture of Afghanistan. The main attention is paid to the attitude of citizens to politics and the political regime of the Taliban (organization banned in Russia). Afghanistan’s current political culture is based on the models and values of the Taliban government. They rely on traditionalist political models. The implementation of modern political processes, such as elections, is not far from being able to question the power of representatives. It can be argued that political culture is the link between people and political power. The main task of political culture is to include people in the political system of society and political activities. Political culture is a system of political knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and values, as well as political activities of political subjects. For example, political culture manifests itself differently in different social groups and communities, political movements, and individuals. The study of the current state of the political culture of Afghanistan allows us to conclude that today the level of conflict is quite high, the mood of the Afghan society is at a disorganized level. A controversial political culture prevails in Afghan society. This conflict can be seen in social differences, institutional weakness, society’s distrust of functioning authority, and cultural differences.

POLITICAL OPPOSITION IN ARMENIA: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT / ԸՆԴԴԻՄՈՒԹՅԱՆՆ ՈՒՂՂՎԱԾ ՄԱՐՏԱՀՐԱՎԵՐՆԵՐԸ ԵՎ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՄԱՆ ՀԵՌԱՆԿԱՐՆԵՐԸ ՀՀ-ՈՒՄ

Political opposition plays a key role in the formation and development of a democratic political system. It so happened that the activities of the political opposition in Armenia are constantly assessed as failed especially over the past five years, especially in the last five years, the existence of constructive opposition, and therefore the existence of a constructive opposition, as well as its proposals for a clear and alternative policy have become more relevant. In such a situation, the freedom of speech for all groups of society, the right to freely express their own interests and views on key issues of social development, becomes urgent. Consequently, the imperative of our times is to amend Article 95 of the RA Election Code, which states the distribution of mandates using D'Hondt method. The aim of the proposed change is to eliminate the concept of an absolute majority, which in the countries with a parliamentary system of governance devalues the main principle of the functioning of such a system, namely the parliamentary consensus. The main goal of the presented article is to identify the characteristics of models of interaction between the authorities and the opposition and their manifestations in Armenia, for which the following objectives were set: • identify the place and role of the opposition in the political system of society, • present the patterns of opposition activity within the framework of a multi-party system in Armenia. The study is based on several methodological approaches, in particular structural, functional and comparative methods.

Methodology for analyzing the decision-making process in the political system according to the CACI method

This article presents a method for analyzing the decision-making process in a political system. The subject of the study is represented by the core of political decision-making, which is one of the subsystems of the political system. The object of the study is the political system of society. The study examines how the core of political decision-making interacts with the rest of the subsystems of the political system within short and long political cycles, and analyzes the stages of the political decision-making process. At the same time, within the framework of this work, the political system itself is presented in the context of a synergistic paradigm, as an open dynamic system included in the contour of social processes. The novelty of the study lies in the development of the CACI (conditions-actors-competition-implementation) method used to analyze the core of political decision-making. In the process of research, a revision of the internal content of the political system is also carried out according to the model of G. Almond, in particular, the separation of such an element as the core of political decision-making was carried out, and the redistribution of functionality between the remaining subsystems was carried out based on the principle of abstract functionalism of T. Parsons. It should also be noted that scientific novelty is expressed in the development of a clearer and more detailed model of the political system.

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ПОЛІТИКО-ПРАВОВОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ МОЛОДІ В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes the formation of political and legal activity of youth in Ukraine. The main forms of youth political activity are characterized. Considerable attention is paid to the characteristics of the mechanisms and tools of youth participation in the formation and implementation of youth policy. On the basis of the analysis of the legal framework of youth policy, conclusions were made regarding the main trends and specifics of youth participation in political processes, which is expressed through the activities of various public organizations and movements. The purpose of the publication is to study the process of formation of political and legal activity of youth in Ukraine and the role of the state in its formation and development. The methodological basis of the study is based on the use of philosophical, general scientific methods, methods of a systematic approach to analyze the ways and means of forming the political and legal activity of youth, in determining the socio-political situation of youth in Ukraine. The structural-functional approach is used to determine the functions of political activity in the conditions of the transition of society from an authoritarian to a democratic political system. The institutional approach is used to analyze the interaction of the process of political and legal activity and the political system of society, where political institutions, political parties, and public associations play the main role. The normative-value approach was embodied in the analysis of the system of political values, their formation and role in the process of political socialization of the young generation. The scientific novelty of the publication lies in the comprehensive analysis of political and legal activity of youth in Ukraine and its significance for political and socio-economic development. Conclusions. Youth is a dynamic component of modern Ukrainian society. Since young people have to implement the reforms initiated by the state, the state, determining the ways of formation and development of society, focuses primarily on young people, whose potential and knowledge can become a guarantee of progressive development. The political and legal activity of youth is aimed at the formation of a young person who positions himself as a responsible person who respects the rights of other people; is tolerant of political, moral, aesthetic, worldview orientations and preferences; shows a desire for such forms and directions of activity that would consolidate social efforts, make the life of every person meaningful, civilized and promising; is active in the political and legal sphere. Despite the difficult political, economic, and social situation in the country, the public structures of the youth movement are actively developing, preserving their historical traditions, roots, occupying an appropriate place in the political system of society and have now acquired a rather clear outline and certainty, which is due to the presence of support and the implementation of an active policy from the state and local authorities.

Ақселеу Сейдімбек көсемсөзіндегі ұлттық идея

The article analyzes the features of writing the theme of the national idea in the journalism of A. Seydimbek. Since our country gained independence, the mass media and the work of individual publicists have played an important role in shaping public opinion. Publicists protect the interests of people through the media; contribute to the creation of their own information space on the world of political arena. Modern mass media are a powerful tool for influencing human consciousness and the political system of society. Akseleu Seydimbek is a unique person, relying on his publicism on the topic of the national idea, going ahead in presenting this topic to the attention of readers. The reason for addressing the topic of the national idea in the journalism of A. Slanuly is that the author is distinguished by the fact that he writes extensively on issues of ideological and political literacy during the formation of the national idea. From the journalistic activity of the author it can be seen that during the period of various reforms taking place in society, in the era of globalization, he sought to introduce his advanced thoughts and conclusions about the national idea into society as much as possible. Akseleu Seydimbek was a person who fully realized the need to revive the ideological struggle against the theories of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, cosmopolitanism, racism, nationalism and tribalism in modern society. This article analyzed A. Seydimbek’s articles on the national idea published in the media, Revealed the history and significance of the national idea, weighing the role of the media in this context, the author’s national consciousness, lifestyle, religion, language of the Kazakh people. Also analyzed the meaning of advanced ideas about culture and study how these materials have influenced the mind of the reader.

State and Prospects for the Development of the Modern System of Public Administration of the Republic of Tajikistan

In this study, the public administration system of the Republic of Tajikistan has been analyzed and studied since the period of independence and the creation of a new political system with national characteristics of the 90s of the last century. The processes of formation, development of the public administration system of the period of independence of the Republic of Tajikistan and the management activities of public administration bodies are analyzed and shown. The public administration system in the Republic of Tajikistan is in a state of transition and a number of important activities have been completed at this stage. First of all, the construction of a new political system of society and its gradual improvement and development are one of the important research issues.Aim. The main purpose of the study is to determine the role of the «National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period up to 2030» in strengthening the public administration system of the Republic of Tajikistan.Tasks. Highlight the results and strategies in the development of the public administration system of the period of independence of the Republic of Tajikistan and the management activities of public administration bodies.Methods. With the help of logical and comparative methods, determine the results of the reform and political transformation of the public administration system in the Republic of Tajikistan.Results. This important document shows the prospects for sustainable development of Tajikistan as a whole. The new strategy covers all spheres of public life, reforms in the field of public administration are one of its main points. Measures in the direction of the public administration system are taking into account the real life of the country and the requirements of the time, their implementation is aimed at a new level and quality of life for citizens in the country. The development of all sectors, including the economy, social and culture, largely depends on an effective system of public administration.Conclusions. In this regard, its reform is timely and makes it possible to turn the Republic of Tajikistan from an agro-industrial country into an industrial-agrarian one. characteristics of the 90s of the last century. The processes of formation, development of the public administration system of the period of independence of the Republic of Tajikistan and the management activities of public administration bodies are analyzed and shown. The public administration system in the Republic of Tajikistan is in a state of transition and a number of important activities have been completed at this stage. First of all, the construction of a new political system of society and its gradual improvement and development are one of the important research issues. Aim. The main purpose of the study is to determine the role of the «National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period up to 2030» in strengthening the public administration system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Tasks. Highlight the results and strategies in the development of the public administration system of the period of independence of the Republic of Tajikistan and the management activities of public administration bodies. Methods. With the help of logical and comparative methods, determine the results of the reform and political transformation of the public administration system in the Republic of Tajikistan. Results. This important document shows the prospects for sustainable development of Tajikistan as a whole. The new strategy covers all spheres of public life, reforms in the field of public administration are one of its main points. Measures in the direction of the public administration system are taking into account the real life of the country and the requirements of the time, their implementation is aimed at a new level and quality of life for citizens in the country. The development of all sectors, including the economy, social and culture, largely depends on an effective system of public administration. Conclusions. In this regard, its reform is timely and makes it possible to turn the Republic of Tajikistan from an agro-industrial country into an industrial-agrarian one.

Парламентаризм в умовах політичного транзиту: досвід Чеської Республіки

For the first time in the Ukrainian political science, considers the development of parliamentarism in the Czech Republic in a context of political transit in a comprehensive manner. It indicates the ambiguity and complexity of the process of parliamentary democracy’s functioning in the country. The main stages of the Czech parliamentary institutions’ establishment have been identified. The key tendencies and the peculiarities of the current Czech parliamentarism modernisation have been defined. The constitutional and legal status of the Parliament of the Czech Republic has been outlined and its place in the existing checks and balances system determined; the Czech Parliament party structuring characteristics have been determined and the most important factors of the coalition formation potential of parliamentary fractions have been revealed; based on the empirical indicators, the party system’s stability and efficiency in the Czech Republic have been investigated. The fundamental principles of the liberal parliamentarism concept (Ch.L.Montesquieu, John Locke, John Mill) have served as the theoretical and methodological basis for these article, which considers the power division to be the main principle of the state system, in which the executive power is accountable and subject to the legislative power. In order to achieve the tasks, the author used general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) as well as special politilogical methods. The methods of induction and deduction have been used in formulating the concept of “political transit” and its constituent elements. The comparativehistorical method gave the defender of the thesis the opportunity to understand the main directions of parliamentary institutions’ development at different historical stages of the Czech statehood and identify the factors that influenced the change in their status. The system method allowed to assess the constitutional and legal status of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, primarily its place and role in the political system of society and the relationship with other bodies of state power. On the whole, we can assume that the experience of the parliamentarism functioning in the Czech Republic is of great practical significance for Ukraine and other post-communist states, since it gives a stimulus to the society and ruling elites of these countries to further improve and develop their political institutions.

Increasing the Popularity of Antisystem (Non-Traditional) Parties in the Czech Republic

The article examines the course of the elections to the lower house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, their role and place in the political process of the country. The author argues that pluralism of opinion and multiparty system in the Czech Republic practically confirm their real strength, as evidenced by the participation of many parties in parliamentary elections and the fact, that that nine of them managed to overcome the 5% barrier and to obtain a certain number of deputy mandates. The programs of parliamentary parties are analyzed, their main election slogans and the results they achieved in the elections. Much attention in the article is paid to the winner of this election – the centrist political force – movement "Action of dissatisfied citizens", whose leader was appointed Prime Minister of the Czech Republic. Emphasis is placed on new trends in the political process, which were confirmed during the will of the people. Among them, the author highlights the growing popularity of anti-system (non-traditional) parties. In their election statements, these parties set out to protest the change in the political system of society. Along with this process, the crisis of traditional parties deepened, who were previously members of the governing bodies of the state, but they failed to demonstrate their compliance with voter inquiries, who sought solutions to pressing issues. This is confirmed by the results of traditional Czech parties – Communist Party of the Czech Republic and Moravia, which managed to get only 7.76% of the vote of the voters and the leader of the previous elections – the Czech Social Democratic Party, which won the support of only 7.27% of voters, having lost almost 13% of the vote in four years.

Constitutional and legal regulation of economic relations: selected aspects

Found, constitutional and legal norms undoubtedly have a significant impact on the economic system of any state. Models of the world's economic systems are established and guaranteed by a system of legal means, which, in turn, are subject to the constitutional and legal framework. Specified, the sphere of constitutional-legal regulation of economic relations has been repeatedly explored in scientific research, however, the consensus on the scope of economic issues that should be subject to constitutional entrenchment has not been reached yet. The analysis of the world constitutional practice shows a tendency to strengthen the regulation of those relations that concern the economic organization of public life. This topic is relevant since not only the legal theory but also political practice enters into a heated debate over the above-mentioned issue. The author argues: 1) constitutional law regulates the place of the state in the political system of society and defines the principles of relations between the state and its non-state elements including the ways of resolving conflicts between them, limits of interference or even limits of its activity; 2) the boundaries of constitutional regulation of economic relations should be determined first of all on the basis of considering fundamental relations for the economic system of the state. That is, the limits of constitutional regulation depend on the system of relations that are included in the concept of economic relations; 3) the system of relations that require legal regulation should also include the establishment of an effective pricing mechanism, the exercise of control over monetary policy, the cancellation of restrictions on foreign trade activities, the development of an effective tax and budgetary system, regulation of financial reporting, etc.

PUBLIC - POLITICAL LIFE OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

1991year entered world history as the collapse of the USSR and the emergence of new independent states on its wreckage. In August 31, 1991, Kyrgyzstan adopted the Declaration on State independence. The transition to democratization began in difficult condition. The political, economic, social crisis set the stage for new reforms in the country. Changes in the political system of society were enshrined in the adopted first Constitution of 1993. The principle of separation of powers was enshrined: legislative, executive and judicial bodies were defined as independent branches of government. The political life of society depends on the type of political regime, public opinion, the influence of ideology and religion, as well as the decency of the media. Constitutional, political and economic reforms in Kyrgyzstan upset the balance government. The instability of democratic institutions and the establishment of authoritarian rule led to the March events of 2005.

Процесс радикализации Кубинской революции, 1959-1961 гг.

The present work carries out an analysis of the radicalization process of the Cuban Revolution and its causes during the years from 1959 to 1961t. This process was possible in such a short time due to the con-junction of several elements: the fulfillment of the Moncada Program; the leadership of the Revolution; the position of the United States be-fore the advance of the Revolution; the aid provided by the Soviet Un-ion, as well as the correlation of forces in the world, and the position of support and endorsement of the Revolution by the people. This process was not peaceful; it was carried out in the midst of a violent class struggle and external aggression on the part of the great interests and US government, which tried to destroy the Revolution using all possi-ble means, including armed aggression. In this brief period, the revolu-tion in power managed to put an end to imperialist rule and, fundamen-tally, to capitalist exploitation, strengthening the political system of society and raising the revolutionary consciousness, as well as the po-litical culture of the people. The obtained success was largely the result of the political teaching of Fidel Castro, as well as his extraordinary personality. Fidel knew how to enhance the people's self-confidence, sense of justice, solidarity, dignity, and revolutionary firmness.

АНАЛИЗ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ политических партий РОССИИ

Modern political parties and their regional branches become an integral part of the political system of society, an important participant in public administration. They have their own organizational and legal basis, have their own charter, program, leaders, their own goals and objectives, and perform certain functions. One of the goals of any political party is to participate in the political life of society, in solving its issues. One of the party’s tasks is to participate in public administration, as a means of representing the interests of the population during elections at various levels and in the inter-election period. Political parties are a political institution and represent the ideological, conceptual, personnel and electoral resources of any government. The analysis of the political parties’ functionality shows how dynamic they are and how they follow their statutory goals and objectives. In this context, the research interest is the political parties’ functionality in the regional political process in the light of the changing legal field. The adopted amendments to the federal legislation on elections and on political parties have radically changed a number of conditions governing the procedure for the establishment and functioning of political parties and their regional branches in the regional dimension. The amendments made to the federal law “On Political Parties” have changed the conditions for the creation and operation of political parties, in particular, the minimum number of members of a political party when it is created has been reduced to 500 members; the approaches to voting have been changed. These changes correspond to the state of the modern political process and are aimed at the development of political institutions, including political parties

АНАЛІЗ ДЕЯКИХ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ДЛЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

В статті здійснюється аналіз механізмів державного управління формування зовнішньої політики держави на основі синтезу сучасних досліджень та системного підходу.
 Досліджується, що розвиток зовнішніх функцій держави супроводжується динамічною зміною, тобто відбувається еволюційний розвиток структури зовнішніх функцій, еволюція зовнішньополітичного механізму.
 Описується поділ органів зовнішніх зносин на дві групи: внутрішньодержавні (центральні) та закордонні. а повсякденну оперативну діяльність, пов’язану із зовнішніми зносинами держави, в першу чергу, здійснює спеціально уповноважений орган виконавчої влади, який курує сферу міжнародних відносин – Міністерство закордонних справ України.
 Вказується, що успішна реалізація Україною своїх зовнішньополітичних можливостей залежить, в першу чергу, від комплексу конституційно-правових, організаційних та дипломатичних заходів що здійснюються суб’єктами державного управління у сфері зовнішньополітичній діяльності України, які об’єднуються у політико-дипломатичний механізм у сучасній зовнішньополітичній діяльності України.
 Проте, якими б не були механізми формування зовнішньої політики, різко змінити зовнішньополітичний курс держави рішеннями певних осіб чи органів практично неможливо – цьому буде перешкоджати самі ці механізми (які). Це буде відбуватися з різних причин, але нам цікаво дослідити це з точки зору поєднання системного підходу і такого поняття як «лійка причинності».
 Проаналізовано, що проблеми зовнішньої політики держави мають складний, комплексний характер, і це вимагає більш скоординованої і єдиної співпраці окремих організаційних структур, які і являють собою механізми зовнішньої політики держави, які будуть нести за вирішення зовнішніх проблем всю повноту відповідальності. Місце та роль уряду в механізмі здійснення зовнішньої політики залежить насамперед від форми правління в державі й політичної системи суспільства.
 Узагальнено, що використання нових підходів до аналізу процесів формування зовнішньополітичного курсу країни на основі системного підходу та методів, що застосовуються у суспільних науках, дає можливість поглянути на ці процеси з нового боку і отримати нове бачення механізмів державного управління, що використовуються у цих процесах.

THE CHANGE OF POLITICAL REGIME IN KYRGYZSTAN: THE REASONS AND CONSEQUENCES

This article analyzes the features of political regime as a way of functioning of the society's political system, its role in the post-revolutionary period of formation and development of the Kyrgyz statehood. Many of the pending issues, such as ethno-nationalism, separation of parties on a regional basis, increasing unemployment, inflation, weak, non-developing economy, and security problems of the country citizens increasing in recent years, as well as the possible political consequences of unresolved problems are specified. The author sets out his own opinion regarding the prospects and ways of the country development in the context of the post-revolutionary situation.

The Interdisciplinary Functional-Dynamic Approach to the Analysis of the Political System of Modern Society

The authors analyze different approaches to the study of the political system of society (PSO) in various social sciences. The prospects of an interdisciplinary study of PSO based on the llocation of several subsystems with various functions are substantiated. The characteristic of various functional subsystems of the PSO is given, among them: institutional, regulatory, ideological, technological, communication subsystems

Проблемы ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОТДЕЛЕНИЙ политических партий России в условиях Забайкальского края

Modern political parties are becoming an integral part of the political system of society. They have their own organizational and legal basis, register as a non-profit organization, have their own status, program, leaders, and own goals and objectives. One of the tasks of any political party is to participate in the life of society and in solving its problematic issues. One of the party’s tasks is to represent the interests of the population of the regions during elections at various levels in Russia and in municipalities. Political parties, being a political institution, are an ideological, conceptual, personnel and electoral resource of any government. Regional branches of political parties in the current political situation fully represent the needs of the regions and represent them in elections. They reflect regional interests, as well as the degree of democracy of regional authorities and local self-government bodies

Роль региональных отделений политических партий в государственном управлении в условиях Забайкальского края

Modern political parties and their regional branches have become an integral part of the political system of society, an important participant in public administration. They have their own organizational and legal basis, are registered as a non-profit organization, have their own Charter, program, leaders, and own goals and objectives. One of the tasks of any political party is to participate in managing the life of society, in solving its issues. One of the party’s tasks is to participate in public administration by representing the interests of the population of the regions during elections at various levels and during the inter-election period. Political parties are a political institution and represent an ideological, conceptual, personnel and electoral resource of any government. Regional branches of political parties in the current political situation fully represent the needs of the regions and represent them in the elections. They reflect regional interests, as well as the degree of democracy of regional authorities

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SOCIETY IN A HYBRID WAR: THE DIRECTION OF TRANSFORMATION

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SOCIETY IN A HYBRID WAR: THE DIRECTION OF TRANSFORMATION

Local government in Kazakhstan: an attempt to create a national model

With the development of independence, all public institutions, including the Institute of local government, have undergone changes in Kazakhstan. In the preceding period of local control in the Soviet Union, which includes Kazakhstan, was carried out in forms of state control at the local level, the functions of which are realized in the framework of local councils of people’s deputies. Participation of the population in the management of territories and settlements was limited to the delegation of their powers to elected representatives – deputies of rural districts, district, city and regional councils. Elections of people’s deputies were carried out in accordance with the Constitution and the norms of Soviet law, which also reflected the rights and duties of local councils within the political system of the Union state. With the independence of the country within the framework of the national legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the constitutional status was acquired by local self-government. It is being radically reformed on a democratic basis in order to increase the self-organization of the population within the framework of the model of the national structure and political system of society. For this purpose, the bodies of public administration at the local level – akimats, headed by akims of regions, districts (cities), rural settlements. In addit ion, maslikhats were formed as representative bodies elected by the population - at the district (city) and regional levels. These structures, in accordance with the legislation, are partially endowed with the functions of self-government of the territories. At the same time, taking into account the world experience, the Republic is in the process of formation of self-government institutions of the territories. However, it is too early to talk about the effectiveness of the created national model of local self-government and its mechanisms. In reality, the population of Kazakhstan is not yet able to independently and responsibly solve issues of local importance; to monitor the work of local authorities, etc. The context of local governance in Kazakhstan is changing with the change of society under the influence of internal and external factors. These changes are ongoing and create some uncertainty, leading to the modernization of elements of existing institutions of local government. However, in view of the upcoming changes in the future, new challenges of global, regional and national character, it is necessary to move to more effective mechanisms and methods of managing society at different levels of government on a democratic basis.